La presente investigación es un estudio de carácter sincrónico que tiene como tema el insulto, entendido éste como la acción de insultar y la palabra o acto con que se insulta. Así, el insulto es analizado a partir de sus contextos de uso y delimitado al tipo de insulto en el que participa el léxico socialmente sancionado, lingüísticamente marcado como ofensivo, vulgar y grosero, observando para ello dos comunidades de habla del español: la mexicana y la peninsular. Son dos los ejes metodológicos de este trabajo, la idea del insulto como un fenómeno lingüístico y comunicativo, y la del insulto como un fenómeno de la cognición colectiva e individual.Los resultados de la investigación aportan información específica sobre la estructura, los micro-procesos de interpretación, tipos de textos asociados a diferentes situaciones de realización del insulto, datos sobre procesos de introspección y retrospección proporcionados por informantes de la variedad mexicana y peninsular, respectivamente. Y el trabajo concluye con la propuesta de ALI, Aplicación lexicográfica de representación del insulto para las variedades de nuestro estudio. / The thesis EL INSULTO: ESTUDIO PRAGMÁTICO - TEXTUAL Y REPRESENTACIÓN LEXICOGRÁFICA is a work framed in the lexicology, lexicography, pragmatics and cognitive linguistics, conceived as an applied linguistics subjects. It focus is the study of the Insult, understanding this notion like the word and the action of insulting. Assuming that the insult is a phenomenon that could be described like a linguistic and a communicative fact and like a social and individual cognition event, we have formulated three objectives: the first, to describe the elements that characterise the insult; the second, to investigate three objects of study about the insult- a linguistics, a pragmatic-textual and a cognitive object; and the third, to design one lexicography application on the theme of the insult.To carry out this dissertation, we have analyzed one corpus integrated by 25 words with social marks offensive, vulgar; considered by itself as insults. We have worked with two varieties of spanish language: the mexican and the peninsular and have constructing two corpus: one lexicography corpus, COLEXI and other textual corpus, el CREAI, based on the CREA of the RAE.The results reveal information about the structure, microprocess of interpretation, different text typologies, introspective and retrospective cognitive elements of the insult. We discussed the insult like a rational and irrational phenomenon of the communication; like the animal side of the civilisation.

Major cyber attacks against the cyber networks of organizations has become a common phenomenon nowadays. Cyber attacks are carried out both through the spread of malware and also through multi-stage attacks known as hacking. A cyber network can be represented directly as a simple directed or undirected network (graph) of nodes and arcs. It can also be represented by a transformed network such as the attack graph which uses information about network topology, attacker profile, and existing vulnerabilities to represent all the potential attack paths from readily accesible vulnerabilities to valuable target nodes. Then, interdicting or hardening a subset of arcs in the network naturally maps into deploying security countermeasures on the associated devices or connections. In this dissertation, we develop network interdiction models and algorithms to optimally select a subset of arcs which upon interdiction minimizes the spread of infection or minimizes the loss from multi-stage attacks. In particular, we define four novel network connectivity-based metrics and develop interdiction models to optimize the metrics. Direct network representation of the physical cyber network is used as the underlying network in this case. Two of the interdiction models prove to be very effective arc removal methods for minimizing the spread of infection. We also develop multi-level network interdiction models that remove a subset of arcs to minimize the loss from multi-stage attacks. Our models capture the defenderattacker interaction in terms of stackelberg zero-sum games considering the attacker both as a complete rational and bounded rational agents. Our novel solution algorithms based on constraint and column generation and enhanced by heuristic methods efficiently solve the difficult multi-level mixed-integer programs with integer variables in all levels in reasonable times.

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / A military deployment is visible and vulnerable. But, deployments are currently planned assuming they can be completed with surprise, or defended from any threat. JFAST, the current deployment planning and visualization tool of choice, uses heuristics of unknown reliability that yield deployment plans of unknown quality, and ignores vulnerability. We introduce LIFTER, an integer-linear program (ILP) that optimizes a time-phased force deployment (TPFDD) by day, by asset cycle, and by TPFDD line (individual shipment from an origin to a destination), and ATTACKER, also an ILP, representing a smart enemy's resource-limited interdictions to maximally disrupt LIFTER's subsequently re-optimized TPFDD plan. LIFTER activates transport assets from an allocation list, and yields a complete logistic plan that minimizes disruption represented by penalties for early, tardy, late, or dropped shipments, and for under-utilization of asset capacity. We use LIFTER to qualitatively assess JFAST heuristic plans. We also link both ILPs in a decomposition-based search for the best deployment plan around the worst-case interdiction, given that the actions of deployer and interdictor are transparent to both parties. We explain how JFAST could be embellished with its own version of ATTACKER. A key discovery here is a gauge of the value of intelligence, deception, and secrecy. / Lieutenant, United States Navy

L’encadrement légal particulier de la négociation collective impliquant les pompiers municipaux québécois, malgré sa soumission à certaines règles prévues par le régime général du Code du travail, présente des spécificités qui pourraient en affecter l’efficacité et ainsi contribuer à l’instauration de relations de travail difficiles. Ce mémoire s’attarde aux difficultés associées à ce régime de négociation collective interdisant le recours à la grève et prévoyant son remplacement par un système d’arbitrage obligatoire. L’étude des relations de travail impliquant les pompiers de Montréal ne permet pas, à elle seule, de qualifier ce régime particulier de négociation collective d’alternative inefficace au régime général. Toutefois, ce mémoire met en évidence les limites d’un cadre légal, alors que des facteurs externes au droit, tels que le caractère public de l’employeur et la nature particulière du métier, semblent jouer un rôle déterminant dans la dynamique conflictuelle des relations de travail impliquant des pompiers municipaux. / The particular legal framework of collective bargaining for Quebec’s municipal firemen, despite the fact that it submits to some principles of the general collective bargaining system provided by the Labour Code, presents some particularities that could affect its efficacity and contribute in establishing difficult and conflicting labour relations. This thesis will mostly consider the difficulties associated with this particular legal framework which prohibits strikes, in all circumstances, to the firemen and provide, as an alternative, the resort to compulsory arbitration. The analysis of Montreal firemen’s labour relations can’t allow us to qualify this particular legal framework as an inefficient alternative to the general collective bargaining system. But still, this thesis may show the limits of a legal framework when some external factors, like the public character of the employer or the particular nature of the job, seem to play a major role in the conflicting labor relations implicating firemen.

A partir dos processos de censura previa ao teatro contidos no Arquivo Miroel Silveira (AMS), investigaremos a ação censória sobre o texto das pecas liberadas com cortes. Analisaremos os casos em que o veto incidiu sobre trechos censurados construídos com figuras de linguagem, buscando compreender o funcionamento da lógica da censura em seu caráter de interdição. Considerando a tradição clássica da Retórica das Figuras e sua retomada no âmbito da Nova Retórica, bem como a Analise do Discurso de linha francesa, com Oswald Ducrot, podemos entender as figuras de linguagem como produtoras de efeitos de sentido, magnificando pressupostos e subentendidos. Assim, temos como hipótese que o corte do censor age sobre um momento fundamental do texto, no qual se configuram formações discursivas com esmero no recurso de estilo e que, ao mesmo tempo, trabalham a adesão do publico. Nesse sentido, os cortes que incidem sobre as figuras de linguagem nos revelam sobre os conteúdos preferencialmente extirpados e as concepções de mundo vigentes no período determinado, entendendo que as pecas em questão dialogam com sentidos circulando socialmente. Concentramo-nos em pecas teatrais das décadas de 1950 e 1960, procurando variar, em nossa seleção, a autoria das mesmas e também a temática dos trechos censurados. O mecanismo textual que envolve as figuras de linguagem foi aproximado daquele que apresenta conteúdos na forma de um subentendido. Ainda, a ação da censura foi ligada a coincidência que envolve o surgimento de conteúdos numa configuração tripla: figurados, subentendidos e vetados. / Considering the theater plays subject to prior censorship present in the Miroel Silveira Files, we intend to investigate the ones released with cuts. Our analysis, trying to capture the censoring logic as an act of interdiction, focuses on censored text excerpts in which figures of speech were employed. Based on French Discourse Analysis Theories mainly in the works of Oswald Ducrot and the studies of rhetorical figures with the New Rethoric, we understand figures of speech as producers of discursive effects, magnifying presuppositions and implicatures. Our hypothesis is that the censorship interfered with crucial passages of the text, where sense was being made based on literary style resources, urging the public to adhere. In such process, the cuts reveal to us about the most commonly prohibited contents and, along with them, about the socially established conceptions present in the plays selected for analysis. We have focused on the plays which censorship certificate dated from the 50s or the 60s, trying to set the wider possible range regarding authorship of the pieces and regarding the themes of the censored excerpts. The textual architecture presented by the figures of speech was related to those of the implied contents. At the same time that we understood the exercise of censorship emerging from a triple coincidence of the same contents as being: figurative, implicated and censored.

A partir dos processos de censura previa ao teatro contidos no Arquivo Miroel Silveira (AMS), investigaremos a ação censória sobre o texto das pecas liberadas com cortes. Analisaremos os casos em que o veto incidiu sobre trechos censurados construídos com figuras de linguagem, buscando compreender o funcionamento da lógica da censura em seu caráter de interdição. Considerando a tradição clássica da Retórica das Figuras e sua retomada no âmbito da Nova Retórica, bem como a Analise do Discurso de linha francesa, com Oswald Ducrot, podemos entender as figuras de linguagem como produtoras de efeitos de sentido, magnificando pressupostos e subentendidos. Assim, temos como hipótese que o corte do censor age sobre um momento fundamental do texto, no qual se configuram formações discursivas com esmero no recurso de estilo e que, ao mesmo tempo, trabalham a adesão do publico. Nesse sentido, os cortes que incidem sobre as figuras de linguagem nos revelam sobre os conteúdos preferencialmente extirpados e as concepções de mundo vigentes no período determinado, entendendo que as pecas em questão dialogam com sentidos circulando socialmente. Concentramo-nos em pecas teatrais das décadas de 1950 e 1960, procurando variar, em nossa seleção, a autoria das mesmas e também a temática dos trechos censurados. O mecanismo textual que envolve as figuras de linguagem foi aproximado daquele que apresenta conteúdos na forma de um subentendido. Ainda, a ação da censura foi ligada a coincidência que envolve o surgimento de conteúdos numa configuração tripla: figurados, subentendidos e vetados. / Considering the theater plays subject to prior censorship present in the Miroel Silveira Files, we intend to investigate the ones released with cuts. Our analysis, trying to capture the censoring logic as an act of interdiction, focuses on censored text excerpts in which figures of speech were employed. Based on French Discourse Analysis Theories mainly in the works of Oswald Ducrot and the studies of rhetorical figures with the New Rethoric, we understand figures of speech as producers of discursive effects, magnifying presuppositions and implicatures. Our hypothesis is that the censorship interfered with crucial passages of the text, where sense was being made based on literary style resources, urging the public to adhere. In such process, the cuts reveal to us about the most commonly prohibited contents and, along with them, about the socially established conceptions present in the plays selected for analysis. We have focused on the plays which censorship certificate dated from the 50s or the 60s, trying to set the wider possible range regarding authorship of the pieces and regarding the themes of the censored excerpts. The textual architecture presented by the figures of speech was related to those of the implied contents. At the same time that we understood the exercise of censorship emerging from a triple coincidence of the same contents as being: figurative, implicated and censored.

In this dissertation we focus on two main topics. Under the first topic, we develop a new framework for stochastic network interdiction problem to address ambiguity in the defender risk preferences. The second topic is dedicated to computational studies of two-stage stochastic integer programs. More specifically, we consider two cases. First, we develop some solution methods for two-stage stochastic integer programs with continuous recourse; second, we study some computational strategies for two-stage stochastic integer programs with integer recourse. We study a class of stochastic network interdiction problems where the defender has incomplete (ambiguous) preferences. Specifically, we focus on the shortest path network interdiction modeled as a Stackelberg game, where the defender (leader) makes an interdiction decision first, then the attacker (follower) selects a shortest path after the observation of random arc costs and interdiction effects in the network. We take a decision-analytic perspective in addressing probabilistic risk over network parameters, assuming that the defender's risk preferences over exogenously given probabilities can be summarized by the expected utility theory. Although the exact form of the utility function is ambiguous to the defender, we assume that a set of historical data on some pairwise comparisons made by the defender is available, which can be used to restrict the shape of the utility function. We use two different approaches to tackle this problem. The first approach conducts utility estimation and optimization separately, by first finding the best fit for a piecewise linear concave utility function according to the available data, and then optimizing the expected utility. The second approach integrates utility estimation and optimization, by modeling the utility ambiguity under a robust optimization framework following \cite{armbruster2015decision} and \cite{Hu}. We conduct extensive computational experiments to evaluate the performances of these approaches on the stochastic shortest path network interdiction problem. In third chapter, we propose partition-based decomposition algorithms for solving two-stage stochastic integer program with continuous recourse. The partition-based decomposition method enhance the classical decomposition methods (such as Benders decomposition) by utilizing the inexact cuts (coarse cuts) induced by a scenario partition. Coarse cut generation can be much less expensive than the standard Benders cuts, when the partition size is relatively small compared to the total number of scenarios. We conduct an extensive computational study to illustrate the advantage of the proposed partition-based decomposition algorithms compared with the state-of-the-art approaches. In chapter four, we concentrate on computational methods for two-stage stochastic integer program with integer recourse. We consider the partition-based relaxation framework integrated with a scenario decomposition algorithm in order to develop strategies which provide a better lower bound on the optimal objective value, within a tight time limit.

In times at which economic logic and a one-dimensional discourse of science silence alternative ways of thinking in our societies, this paper invites us to understand the law from a largely unexplored dimension: the dimension that institutes life, binding the social, the biological and the unconscious in a space that reproduces the logic of Interdiction. To achieve this goal, this paper begins by exploring the obstacles that make jurists unable to conceive a link between their discipline and psychoanalysis, as well as incapable of opening the law to its analysis. Among these, we encounter conceiving the legal system as the discourse of Reason in the West, construction which will remain an obstacle to the convergence between law and psychoanalysis unless we understand that the origin of this conception lies in the choice of Roman Canon law as its historical representation. Then, it reviews the notion of society, approaching it as a theatrical construction set by discursive practices, allowing the recovery of genealogical knowledge of the reference and to this end, builds on the knowledge of Roman law. Hand-in-hand with a psychoanalytic approach, it points out how a vast social system of interpretations places the law within the transmission of the Interdiction for the subject, transmission which introduces him to the institutional dimension of the limit. We also approach the unconscious aspects of the representation of the subject, by putting a transsexualism case law under the light of its notion of symbolic determinism. Finally, it reflects on the power of the State to divide words and things, that is, the Third separator, category necessary for the operation of law. Consequently, this paper allows law to be seen as refering to the order of life and also calls upon psychoanalysis to deepen the institutional dimension. / En tiempos en que la lógica económica y un discurso unidimensional de la ciencia silencian formas alternativas de pensamiento en nuestras sociedades, este trabajo nos invita a comprender el derecho desde una dimensión poco explorada: aquella dimensión que instituye la vida, que anuda lo social, lo biológico y lo inconsciente en un espacio que reproduce la lógica de la Interdicción. A este lugar se le llama el núcleo atómico del derecho. Para lograr este objetivo, el trabajo inicia explorando los obstáculos que hacen que los juristas sean incapaces de concebir un vínculo entre su disciplina y el psicoanálisis, y de abrir el derecho a su análisis. Entre estos encontramos concebir al sistema jurídico como el discurso de la Razón en Occidente, construcción que seguirá siendo un obstáculo para la convergencia entre el derecho y el psicoanálisis a no ser que entendamos que el origen de esta concepción yace en la elección del derecho romano-canónico como su representación histórica. Luego, revisa la noción misma de sociedad, planteándola como una construcción teatral establecida por prácticas discursivas, lo que permite recuperar el saber genealógico de la Referencia y, para ello, toma como base el conocimiento del derecho romano. De la mano con un enfoque psicoanalítico, señala cómo un vasto sistema social de interpretaciones ubica al derecho dentro de la transmisión de la Interdicción al sujeto, transmisión que lo introduce a la dimensión institucional del límite. Nos acerca también a los aspectos inconscientes de la representación del sujeto, poniendo un caso jurisprudencial sobre transexualismo a la luz de su noción de determinismo simbólico. Por último, reflexiona sobre el poder del Estado de dividir las palabras y las cosas, esto es, el Tercero separador, categoría necesaria para el funcionamiento del derecho. Con ello, el artículo permite ver el derecho como referido al orden de la vida y, además, exhorta al psicoanálisis a profundizar en la dimensión de la institucionalidad.

Le sujet par son intitulé "la sanction professionnelle en droit pénal des affaires" évoque à chacun l'idée que la sanction professionnelle serait la sanction applicable en droit pénal des affaires. En effet, par correspondance des termes utilisés, on comprend logiquement que le sujet concerne « le droit pénal des affaires » et plus spécifiquement une sanction qui lui serait potentiellement réservée : « la sanction professionnelle ». Or, paradoxalement, les liens entre ces différents termes ne sont pas clairement définis par le Droit. A ce stade, seul un lien intuitif les relie. Notre démarche a alors été de confronter cette inspiration de départ au droit positif et d'en révéler toutes ses particularités. Ainsi, la sanction professionnelle a dû être conceptualisée d'abord par une analyse empirique de la notion que nous avons traduite dans une dualité d'objectif, puis par une analyse théorique de celle-ci révélée dans une unité de fondement. Finalement, l'effort de conceptualisation s'est révélé utile non seulement à celui qui cherche à élaborer une théorie générale de la sanction mais également à celui qui envisage une dépénalisation du droit pénal des affaires / The subject evokes the idea that professional sanction is the sanction applicable tobusiness criminal law. Indeed, in accordance with the terms used, one should logicallyunderstand that the subject concerns “business criminal law” and more specifically a sanction that would potentially apply to it, namely “professional sanction”. Paradoxically, however, the links between the different terms are not clearly defined by law. At this stage, only an intuitive link connects them. Our approach has therefore been to confront this intuition, our starting point, with current law and to expose all its particularities. Thus professional sanction needed first to be conceptualized with an empirical analysis of the notion that we have translated into a dual objective, then with a theoretical analysis revealed in a single base. Eventually, this attempt to conceptualize has proved useful not only to those who try to elaborate a general theory of sanction, but also to those who are studying the possibility of a decriminalization of business criminal law.

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / The objective of this thesis is to provide an aircraft with an optimal route to its destination that avoids encroaching into surface-to-air weapons killing envelopes in real time. The optimal route computed will be updated dynamically, depending on the location of the vehicle and the location of the Surface to Air Missile (SAM) sites. The problem was solved using heuristic algorithms instead of the conventional Dijkstra's & Bellman Ford algorithms, which are computationally expensive. Data fusion techniques such as spatial correlation and triangulation algorithms are presented in detail. Such techniques are important for situational awareness in a real time combat environment. Important information provided by onboard sensors are merged with the preplanned data to provide the operator with a better integrated picture of the combat environment. / Civilian, Singapore Ministry of Defense