• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 368
  • 208
  • 67
  • 48
  • 39
  • 29
  • 21
  • 11
  • 5
  • 5
  • 5
  • 5
  • 5
  • 5
  • 5
  • Tagged with
  • 937
  • 177
  • 151
  • 122
  • 120
  • 102
  • 98
  • 90
  • 89
  • 76
  • 74
  • 71
  • 71
  • 71
  • 68
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
211

Quimioimunoterapia em melanoma maligno disseminado : revisão sistematica da literatura com meta-analise / Chemoimmunotherapy for metatatic malignant melanoma : systematic with meta-analysis

Sasse, André Deeke 02 October 2006 (has links)
Orientador: Otavio Augusto Camara Clark / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T13:39:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sasse_AndreDeeke_D.pdf: 24031684 bytes, checksum: 2accebd159f3ca01d70c9229968723b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: RAZÕES: O melanoma maligno é o mais agressivo de todos os cânceres de pele, e sua incidência vem continuamente aumentando no mundo. O principal tratamento é a excisão cirúrgica da lesão primária, com intenção curativa em estágios iniciais. Os pacientes que apresentam doença metastática são considerados incuráveis, pois o melanoma é considerado refratário à maioria das terapias sistêmicas. Existem vários estudos prospectivos randomizados comparando diferentes esquemas de tratamento. Alguns estudos sugerem maior eficácia antitumoral combinando quimioterapia com imunoterapia, mas não existem evidências definitivas, pois comparações paralelas randoinizadas com tratamento com apenas quimioterapia apresentam resultados controversos. A conduta médica atual é baseada na opinião de especialistas, que determina qual é o tratamento considerado padrão. Frente a resultados controversos derivados de estudos randomizados, uma revisão sistemática da literatura faz-se necessária para determinar qual das abordagens terapêuticas apresenta ganhos reais para o paciente OBJETIVOS: Comparar os efeitos da quimioterapia associada à imunoterapia (quimioimunoterapia) com os da quimioterapia isolada em pacientes com melanoma maligno metastático. MÉTODOS: Revisão sistemática da literatura com meta-análise. Estudos clínicos randomizados no tratamento do melanoma metastático foram identificados, através de busca nas bases de dados Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, e LILACS. Referências de artigos encontrados, resumos de apresentações em congressos e bases de dados de estudos em andamento também foram utilizados para localizar estudos pertinentes. Critérios de inclusão: estudos controlados randomizados que compararam o uso de quimioterapia com o de quimioimunoterapia no tratamento de pacientes com qualquer idade, portadores de melanoma metastático. Dois revisores extraíram independentemente os dados dos artigos utilizando formulários de extração de dados. Quando possível, para cada desfecho clínico foi feita meta-análise com os dados extraídos, com o fim de calcular o efeito dos tratamentos entre os estudos. Os resultados da meta-análise são expressos com Risco Relativo (RR), Diferença entre os Riscos (DR) e Hazard Ratio (HR), com o correspondente intervalo de confiança (1C) de 95% Os desfechos clínicos avaliados foram sobrevida global, sobrevida em 1, 2 e 5 anos, taxas de resposta, sobrevida livre de progressão, toxicidade e qualidade de vida. RESULTADOS: No total, aproximadamente 1050 citações foram analisadas. 26 estudos foram inicialmente identificados Destes, 18 foram incluídos. A meta-análise dos dados mostra evidência de aumento das taxas de resposta objetiva [RR=1,40, IC95% 1,20 a 1,63; p<0,0001] em pacientes tratados com quimioimunoterapia, em relação aos tratados com quimioterapia. No entanto, o impacto deste aumento nas taxas de resposta não se traduziu em benefício em sobrevida [HR=0,89; IC95% 0,72 a 1,11; p=0,31]. Adicionalmente, há maior toxicidade hematológica e não-hematológica nos pacientes tratados com quimioimunoterapia, o que demonstra danos em relação ao benefício de aumento nas taxas de resposta. CONCLUSÃO: Há evidências de que de que a utilização de quimioimunoterapia não aumenta a sobrevida em pacientes com melanoma metastático. O aumento nas taxas de resposta não justifica a combinação de quimioterapia e imunoterapia fora do ambiente de estudos clínicos / Abstract: BACKGROUND: Malignant melanoma, the most aggressive of all skin cancers, is in increasing incidence throughout the world. Surgery remains the cornerstone of curative treatment in earlier stages. Metastatic disease is incurable in most patients, as melanoma is reputed as refractory to most systemic treatments. The combination of chemotherapy with immunotherapy has been reported to improve treatment results, but it is still unclear whether evidence exists to support this choice, compared with chemotherapy alone OBJECTIVES: To review and to compare the effects of therapy with chemotherapy plus immunotherapy (chemoimmunotherapy) versus chemotherapy alone in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. METHODS: Systematic review, with meta-analysis. andomized controlled trials in the treatment of metastatic melanoma were identified. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, and LILACS. References, conference proceedings, and databases of ongoing trials were also used to locate trials. We included all randomized controlled trials that compared the use of chemotherapy versus chemoimmunotherapy in the treatment of people with any age, diagnosed with metastatic melanoma. Two reviewers independently extracted the data from the articles using data extraction forms. Whenever possible, a meta-analysis was performed with the data extracted, in order to calculate a weighted treatment effect across trials For binary endpoints the risk ratio (RR) or the risk difference (RD) was calculated, and for time-to-event data, we calculated Hazard Ratio (HR), both with 95% confidence intervals. The endpoints evaluated were overall survival, one-, two-, and five- year survival rates, response rates, progression-free survival, treatment-related toxicity and quality of life measures. RESULTS: Approximately 1050 citations were scanned. We initially identified 26 studies. Of these, 18 studies were included This systematic review showed evidence of an increase of objective response rates [RR=1.40; 95%CI 1.20 to 1.63; p0.0001] in patients treated with chemoimmunotherapy, in comparison with patients treated with chemotherapy Nevertheless, the impact of these increased response rates in patients was not translated in a survival benefit [HR=0 89; 95%CI 0.72 to 1.11; p=0.31]. Additionally, we found increased hematological and non-hematological toxicities in patients treated with chemoimmunotherapy, which bring harms to the subjective vantage of increased responses. CONCLUSION: There is evidence that the use of chemoimmunotherapy does not increase survival in patients with metastatic melanoma. The improve in response rates did not justify the use of combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy in chemoimmunotherapy regimens outside of clinical trials / Doutorado / Clinica Medica / Doutor em Clínica Médica
212

Avaliação de solução hidro alcoolica de propolis na resposta hematopoetica em camundongos infectados com Listeria monocytogenes / Evaluation of hydro alcoholic solution of propolis on the hematopoietic response in Listeria Monocytogenes

Perhs, Simone Maria Cipas 14 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Mary Luci de Souza Queiroz / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T06:41:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Perhs_SimoneMariaCipas_M.pdf: 3198961 bytes, checksum: 7dcc68b78919337c618a237e6794be07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O modelo experimental de infecção por Listeria monocytogenes tem provado ser útil na investigação dos efeitos de novos compostos na resposta imunológica primária contra bactérias intracelulares. Em particular, o número de células hematopoéticas na medula óssea e baço é de fundamental importância na resistência a esta infecção. No presente estudo, investigamos o efeito da solução hidro alcoólica de própolis (SHAP), sobre o crescimento e diferenciação de precursores hematopoéticos para granulócitos e macrófagos (CFU-GM) da medula óssea e do baço de animais infectados com Listeria monocytogenes. Além disso, quantificamos os níveis de fatores estimuladores de colônias (CSFs). A eficácia da SHAP frente a uma dose letal da bactéria também foi avaliada. Demonstramos que a SHAP protegeu os animais contra uma dose letal de L. monocytogenes, quando administrada profilaticamente na dose de 4 mg/kg durante 10 dias, com aumento de 20% na sobrevida. Este tratamento também preveniu a mielossupressão e hematopoese extramedular causadas por uma dose subletal de L. monocytogenes, devido a um aumento no número de CFU-GM na medula óssea. Além disso, observamos que os animais somente tratados (não infectados) não apresentaram diferenças significativas em relação ao grupo controle. Adicionalmente, a investigação da produção de fatores estimuladores de colônias no soro dos animais revelou um aumento de CSA nos grupos infectados após 48 e 72h pré-tratados com SHAP, sugerindo que a estimulação da mielopoese pelo produto seja mediada pela produção de fatores de crescimento. Além disso, observamos o aumento da citocinas interferon- gamma IFN-g no grupo infectado/tratado com o produto nas 48 e 72h. / Abstract: Infection with Listeria monocytogenes has proven to be a useful model to investigate early effects of new compounds on the immune response to intracellular bacteria. In particular, the number of hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow and spleen is critically important to resistance to this infection. In this study, we demonstrated the protective effects of hydro alcoholic solution of propolis in mice infected with a lethal dose of Listeria monocytogenes, when administered prophylactically at 4mg/kg for 10 days, with survival rates up to 20%. This dose also prevented the myelosuppression and the splenomegaly caused by a sublethal infection with Listeria monocytogenes, due to the maintenance of granulocytemacrophage progenitors (CFU-GM) numbers in the bone marrow. Non-infected mice treated with hydro alcoholic solution of propolis presented similar numbers of CFU-GM in the bone marrow when compared to the controls. Furthermore, investigation of the production of colony-stimulating factors (CSF) revealed increased colony-stimulating activity (CSA) in the serum of infected mice pre-treated with hydro alcoholic solution of propolis 48 and 72 hours after the infection, suggesting that its effects on the production of growth factors mediate stimulation of myelopoiesis by hydro alcoholic solution of propolis. Moreover, we observed increased level of IFN-g in infected/treated mice. These results sustain our proposal of hydro alcoholic solution of propolis use as an adjuvant agent in the prophylaxis of opportunistic infections and reduction of side effects caused by immunosuppressive therapies. / Mestrado / Farmacologia / Mestre em Farmacologia
213

ProduÃÃo de ifn-y em pacientes com hansenÃase e em seus contactantes numa amostra populacional do MunicÃpio de Sobral - Cearà / IFN-y production in patients with leprosy and in yours households in the populacional sample of the Sobral city- Ceara.

Luciano Augusto Oliveira de Jesus 26 October 2007 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / A hansenÃase, cujo agente etiolÃgico à o Mycobacterium leprae, à doenÃa de amplo espectro clÃnico e imunopatolÃgico. Suas apresentaÃÃes clÃnicas estÃo correlacionadas com padrÃes imunolÃgicos distintos, variando de uma vigorosa resposta imune mediada por cÃlulas ao M. leprae, com padrÃo tipo 1 no polo tuberculÃide, a uma ausÃncia de resposta celular especÃfica aos antÃgenos do M. leprae no pÃlo lepromatoso, com predomÃnio de resposta tipo 2 e exacerbaÃÃo da resposta humoral. A capacidade do antÃgeno bruto de M. leprae em estimular cÃlulas mononucleares do sangue perifÃrico (PBMC) na produÃÃo de IFN-y foi avaliada em pacientes com hansenÃase e em seus contactantes, do municÃpio de Sobral-CE. Um total de 30 casos foi estudado, antes de receberem tratamento poliquimiterÃpico. O grupo de casos paucibacilares foi constituÃdo por oito com a forma indeterminada, dez com a forma tuberculÃide, dois com a forma dimorfo tuberculÃide; e o grupo multibacilar foi constituÃdo por dez com a forma virchoviana e dois com a forma dimorfa virchoviana. O grupo de contactantes foi constituÃdo por sessenta indivÃduos, sendo 1 consangÃÃneo e 1 nÃo consangÃÃneo para cada caso Ãndice. O antÃgeno bruto de M. leprae estimulou a produÃÃo de IFN-y nas PBMC de sete casos dimorfo tuberculÃide/tuberculÃide (DT/TT), trÃs com a forma indeterminada e dois com a forma dimorfa virchoviana/virchoviana (DV/VV). O grupo DT/TT produziu nÃveis de IFN-y significantemente maiores que o grupo DV/VV (Teste de Fisher, p=0,027). A produÃÃo de IFN-y nos contactantes foi observada em 34 indivÃduos, 21 consangÃÃneos e 13 nÃo consangÃÃneos. NÃo foi observada diferenÃa significativa entre os contactantes do grupo paucibacilar (forma indeterminada, DT/TT) e multibacilares (DV/VV). PorÃm, foi observada diferenÃa significativa na produÃÃo desta citocina entre contactantes e casos DV/VV. O estudo sugere que nÃo hà diferenÃa significativa na produÃÃo de IFN-y entre indivÃduos contactantes consangÃÃneos e nÃo consangÃÃneos, dos casos paucibacilares e multibacilares. AlÃm disso, ao correlacionarmos a produÃÃo desta citocina nos indivÃduos com a presenÃa de cicatriz, tambÃm nÃo observamos diferenÃa significativa / Leprosy, which is caused by Mycobacterium leprae, is an illness of ample clinical and immunopathological spectrum. Its clinical manifestations are correlated with distinct immunologic form, varying from a vigorous immune response mediated by cells to M. leprae, with type 1 standard in the tuberculÃide polar region, to an absence of specific cellular response to antigens of M. leprae in the lepromatous polar region, with predominance of type 2 response and exacerbations of humoral response. The capacity of whole M. leprae antigen to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) in the IFN-y production was measured in leprosy patients and their householdâs contacts, in the city of Sobral, state of CearÃ. A total of 30 leprosy patients were used for the study, before start chemotherapy. The paucibacilary leprosy patient group consisted of eight polar indeterminate, ten polar tuberculÃide, two borderline tuberculÃide, and the multibacilary leprosy patient group consisted of ten lepromatous leprosy and two borderline lepromatous leprosy. The household contacts group consisted of sixty healthy individuals, consanguineous and non consanguineous. The whole M. leprae antigen stimulated IFN-y production in the PBMC of seven borderline tuberculÃide/tuberculÃide (DT/TT), three indeterminate form, two borderline lepromatous/lepromatous (DV/VV the DT/TT group produced IFN-y levels significantly higher than DV/VV group (Fisher Test, p=0,027). The IFN-y production in the household contacts was observed in 34, 21 consanguineous and 13 non consanguineous. It wasnât observed significant difference between paucibacilary householdâs contacts (DT/TT, indeterminate form) and multibacilary householdâs contacts groups in the IFN-y production to whole M. leprae antigen. However, it was observed significant difference in the production of these cytokine between household contacts and DV/VV patients. This study suggests that there wasnât significative difference in the production IFN-y between non consanguineous and consanguineous subjects of the paucibacilary and multibacilary cases. Moreover, at correlacionated the production in these cytokine in the subjects with the presence of scar, we didnât observed significative difference too
214

Ação do IFN-g sobre as células não leucocitárias (células estruturais) na infecção pelos protozoários Trypanosoma cruzi e Plasmodium. / The efect on cell no Ifn leukocytes (structural cells) on infection by protozooan Trypanosoma cruzi and Plasmodium.

Daniella Zanetti Bucci 13 May 2009 (has links)
O objetivo central desta dissertação de mestrado foi analisar se, pela sua resposta ao interferon-g (IFNg), as células não leucocitárias contribuem ao controle dos protozoários Trypanosoma cruzi, Plasmodium chabaudi AS e Plasmodium berghei ANKA. O IFNg é uma citocina que promove a ativação de diversos tipos de leucócitos, a sua ação sobre as células mononucleares fagóciticas merece um destaque especial. Apesar de conhecermos os pormenores do papel desta citocina na ativação dos leucócitos, desconhecemos se o IFNg exerce ação ativadora sobre as células estruturais (não leucocitárias), ou seja, sobre as células não profissionais da resposta imune. A nossa hipótese de trabalho é que, no caso dos parasitas intracelulares, o IFNg poderia reforçar a ação sinalizadora e efetora das células estruturais infectadas. Por outro lado, em ambas as situações de parasitas intracelulares e extracelulares, o IFNg, ao agir sobre diversas células estruturais, poderia induzir a produção de mediadores inflamatórios (citocinas, quimiocinas, etc) que contribuiriam direta ou indiretamente à remoção/controle do parasita. A nossa abordagem tem sido o estudo da infecção por estes protozoários em quimeras de medula óssea B6/IFNgRKO, nas quais as células não leucocitárias são deficientes em receptores para IFNg e as células leucocitárias são normais. A análise por imunofluorescência de cortes histológicos mostrou uma alta expressão de IFNgR pelas células estruturais do coração dos animais B6 e quimeras controle B6/B6, mas nenhuma expressão deste receptor nos cortes histológicos correspondentes de animais IFNgRKO e quimeras experimentais B6/IFNgRKO, apesar de grande parte dos leucócitos dos animais deste último grupo ter se tornado IFNgR+. Após infecção pelo T. cruzi, o coração e músculo esquelético dos animais quiméricos B6/IFNgRKO mostraram maior carga parasitária e menor intensidade dos infiltrados 8 inflamatórios do que aqueles dos animais quiméricos B6/B6, resultados que sugerem o envolvimento das células estruturais no controle do parasita e promoção do recrutamento leucocitário. Na infecção pelo Plasmodium chabaudi AS a análise comparativa dos grupos IFNgRKO e quimera B6/IFNgRKO mostrou que no início da infecção as curvas de parasitemia destes grupos são idênticas sugerindo que nesta fase da infecção a presença do IFNgR nos leucócitos em pouco contribui na evolução da parasitemia. Por outro lado, a análise comparativa dos grupos quimera B6/IFNgRKO e quimera B6/B6 mostrou níveis mais elevados de parasitemia e maior índice de mortalidade nos animais B6/IFNgRKO, sugerindo que as células estruturais participam no controle do parasita através da sua resposta ao IFNg. Entretanto, em uma experiência preliminar de infecção pelo Plasmodium berghei ANKA não observamos grandes diferenças entre os animais dos grupos B6/IFNgRKO e B6/B6, não somente no que se refere à curva de parasitemias, como também na indução de morte precoce decorrente de malária cerebral. / The main purpose of our work was to analyze if by their response to Interferon-g (IFN-g), the non-leucocyte cells are able to control Trypanosoma cruzi, Plasmodium chabaudi AS and Plasmodium berghei ANKA protozoans. IFNg was described as a cytokine that promote activation on different types of leucocytes, its action on mononuclear phagocytic cells is important. Despite the fact that this cytokine activate leucocytes, it is unknown whether IFNg activates the structural cells (non-leucocytes), that is, the non-professional cells of the immune response. Our hypotheses suggest that in the case of intracellular parasites, IFNg could help the infected structural cells by increasing their signaling and effect actions. In addition, during the response against intracellular and extracellular parasites, IFNg could induce the production of inflammatory mediators by these cells guaranteeing direct or indirectly the parasite clearance. In the present study, we analyzed the infection of diferente protozoans on bone marrow B6/IFNgRKO chimeras, in which the non-leukocyte cells are deficient in IFNg receptor and the leukocyte cells are normal. Immunofluorescence analyses of histological sections revealed a high expression of IFNgR on the structural cells from the heart of B6 and control chimeras B6/B6 animals, but non-expression of this receptor on histological sections from IFNgRKO and experimental chimeras B6/IFNgRKO, despite the fact that a great part of leucocytes from the last group of animals express the receptor. After T. cruzi infection, the cardiac and skeletal muscle from B6/IFNgRKO chimera animals showed a huge amount of parasite and less infiltration inflammatory than B6/B6 animals, suggesting that the structural cells are involved in the parasite control and leukocyte recruitment. During Plasmodium chabaudi AS infection, comparative analyses from IFNgRKO and 10 B6/IFNgRKO groups showed that parasitemia curves at the early phase are similar, suggesting that during this phase IFNgR expression on leukocytes are not important. On the other hand, parasitemia and mortality levels on B6/IFNgRKO and B6/B6 groups were higher than those on B6/IFNgRKO animals, determining that structural cells participate during the course of infection through their response to IFNg. However, when B6/IFNgRKO and B6/B6 animals were infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA no significantly difference was observed between these groups related to the course of parasitemia and cerebral malaria.
215

Caracterização fenotípica e funcional de IFN-DCs derivadas de indivíduos infectados pelo HIV-1. / Immunophenotypic and functional characterization of IFN-DC derived HIV-1 infected patients.

Bruna Tereso Santillo 20 August 2015 (has links)
A imunoterapia baseada em MoDC constitui uma estratégia para tratamento de indivíduos HIV+. Protocolos para obtenção de MoDC em geral utilizam IL-4 e GM-CSF (IL4-DC). Alguns estudos utilizam as IFN-DC (IFN-&alpha; + GM-CSF), que exibem um fenótipo combinado de DC mielóide, DC plasmocitóide (pDC) e célula NK. Esse perfil misto pode aperfeiçoar a imunoterapia para pacientes HIV+. Para tanto, monócitos de pacientes HIV+ foram cultivados com GM-CSF e IL-4 ou IFN-&alpha; por 5 dias e estimuladas por 48 horas com pulso de HIV inativado por AT-2 e/ou coquetel de citocinas pró-inflamatórias. Avaliamos a expressão de moléculas de superfície de IFN-DC e ativação de linfócitos T por citometria de fluxo; produção de citocinas IL-12 e IL-10 por ELISA. IFN-DC apresentaram morfologia e fenótipo basais ativados e características de pDC e célula NK, diferente das IL4-DC. As IFN-DC foram capazes de produzir IL-12, estimular a proliferação e produção de IFN-&gamma; de linfócitos TCD4 e CD8, porém similares às IL4-DCs. IFN-DC são capazes de estimular resposta de linfócitos T tanto quanto IL4-DC. / Immunotherapy based on MDDCs is a strategy for treating HIV-infected patients. Alternatively to the conventional protocol for DC differentiation based on IL-4 and GM-CSF (IL4-DC) some studies suggest the use of IFN-DC (IFN-&alpha; + GM-CSF). These cells exhibit a combined phenotype of myeloid DC, plasmacytoid DC (pDC) and NK. Considering the mixed profile of IFN-DCs alternative protocols can bring novel elements for immunotherapy. Monocytes isolated from HIV-infected patients were cultured in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4 or IFN-&alpha;. On day 5 DCs were pulsed with AT-2-inactivated HIV and stimulated for 48 hours with a cocktail of proinflammatory cytokines. We assessed IFN-DC surface markers expression and T cell activation by flow cytometry; IL-10 and IL-12 production by ELISA. IFN-DC showed activated morphological and phenotypic features during basal state of maturity and exhibited features of pDC and NK different from IL4-DC. The IFN-DC like IL4-DC were able to produce IL-12 and stimulated T cells. So, the IFN-DC were able to stimulate the T cells as well as IL4-DCs.
216

O papel crucial do eixo IL 12/23-IFNy para o desenvolvimento e ativação do sistema NADPH oxidase humano / The crucial role of IL 12/23-IFNy aixs for development and activation of human NADPH oxidase system

Prando, Carolina Cardoso de Mello 12 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Antonio Condino Neto / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T09:19:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Prando_CarolinaCardosodeMello_D.pdf: 7021288 bytes, checksum: e93bf24a96be00102eb5a19f5d7c8880 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: O sistema NADPH oxidase fagocítico humano possui um papel importante na defesa contra microorganismos intracelulares, incluindo micobactérias. Mutações nas subunidades deste sistema resultam na Doença Granulomatosa Crônica (DGC). O gene CYBB, localizado no cromossomo X, codifica a subunidade gp91phox, e mutações neste gene são responsáveis por cerca de 60% dos casos de DGC. Cerca de 40 anos depois da identificação de DGC, foi identificado o primeiro dos 13 defeitos genéticos associados à Susceptibilidade Mendeliana à Micobacteriose, participantes do eixo IL12/23-IFN-?. Baseado no fato de que ambas as doenças predispõem a infecções por micobactérias e que o IFN-? is é um importante ativador do gene CYBB os autores se propuseram a estudar as características clinicas de pacientes latino-americanos com DGC e o sistema NADPH oxidase e expressão do gene CYBB em pacientes com defeitos no eixo IL-12/23-IFN-?. Em relação às características clínicas: história familiar de infecções graves e/ou de repetição, bem como reação adversa à vacina BCG, linfadenopatia, abscessos de pele e profundos estavam associados à DGC, em comparação com não-DGC avaliados pelo laboratório. Defeitos nos receptores IFNGR1 e IFNGR2 e cadeia B1 do receptor de IL-12 podem apresentar expressão do gene CYBB e atividade do sistema NADPH oxidas e diminuída ou abolida, chegando a níveis comparáveis a um paciente com DGC. O IFN- ? e seus receptores são essenciais para o desenvolvimento e ativação do sistema NADPH oxidase, e pacientes com comprometimento da função deste sistema devem também ser avaliados para defeitos do eixo IL12/23-IFN-? afetando secundariamente o sistema NADPH oxidase. / Abstract: The NADPH phagocytic oxidase system plays a crucial role in host defense against intracellular microorganisms, including mycobacteria. Mutations affecting subunits of this system result in Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD). The CYEE gene, located in the X chromosome, encodes gp91 phox, and mutations on this gene account for more than 60% of CGD cases. Almost 40 years after, the first of 13 different genetic disorders associated with Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Diseases (MSMD), was identified. The genes responsible for MSMD are part of the IL12/23-IFN-? axis. Based on the fact that both the diseases predispose to mycobacterial infections and that IFN-? is an important activator of CYBB gene, the authors aimed to describe clinical aspects of Latin American CGD patients and investigate ifthe NADPH oxidase system function and gp91phox expression would be affected in patients with defects in the IL-12/23-IFN-? axis. Regarding clinical features familial history of recurrent and sever infections, as well as adverse reactions to BCG vaccine, lymphadenopathy, skin and profound abscess were associated to DGC when compared to clinical features of non-CGD evaluated in the laboratory. Defects of IFNGR1 and IFNGR2 and IL12RB1 may present diminish.ed or abolished gene expression of CYBB and activity of NADPH oxidase system ate levels of a CGD patient. Based on that, we can conclude that IFN- ? and its receptor are essential for development and activation 9f NADPH oxidase system. In addition, patients who present an impaired superoxide release and/or failure on expressing gp91phox should also be evaluated for IL12/23-IFN-? axis affecting secondarily the NADPH oxidase system. / Doutorado / Doutor em Farmacologia
217

Incidência de episódio depressivo em pacientes com hepatite C crônica tratados com interferon peguilado e ribavirina

Vabo, Izabella Liguori Corsino 29 January 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-02-26T11:26:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 izabellaliguoricorsinovabo.pdf: 625553 bytes, checksum: cb3de105eafd87fb538ddfcec36c8d50 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-03-03T13:37:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 izabellaliguoricorsinovabo.pdf: 625553 bytes, checksum: cb3de105eafd87fb538ddfcec36c8d50 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-03T13:37:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 izabellaliguoricorsinovabo.pdf: 625553 bytes, checksum: cb3de105eafd87fb538ddfcec36c8d50 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-29 / Mundialmente a hepatite C crônica é uma das principais causas de hepatopatia crônica. No mundo ocidental, representa a principal causa de cirrose hepática, carcinoma hepatocelular e indicação de transplante hepático. Atualmente, o tratamento utilizado consiste na utilização de interferon alfa peguilado e ribavirina associado ou não aos novos inibidores da protease por 24 a 48 semanas dependendo do genótipo e do grau de fibrose hepática. Além da eficácia longe do ideal, o tratamento da hepatite C crônica é repleto de eventos adversos destacando-se os transtornos neuropsiquiátricos, sobretudo o episódio depressivo. No Brasil existem poucos estudos a respeito da incidência deste episódio na terapia dupla. Diante disso, a proposta deste estudo foi verificar a incidência e os fatores associados ao surgimento de episódio depressivo em pacientes com hepatite C crônica submetidos à terapia antiviral com Interferon peguilado alfa 2a ou 2b e ribavirina, além de avaliar o impacto do surgimento deste episódio sobre a resposta virológica sustentada. Foram incluídos 32 pacientes com Hepatite C Crônica, submetidos à terapia dupla em seguimento regular no Ambulatório de Hepatologia do Serviço de Gastroenterologia do HU/CAS-UFJF, no período de junho de 2012 a junho de 2014. A HADS (Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão) foi utilizada para rastreamento do episódio depressivo, aplicada no baseline e nas semanas 4, 12, 24, 48 e 4 semanas após a interrupção da terapia. O diagnóstico de episódio depressivo foi estabelecido nos pacientes com HADS ≥ 9. Estes foram submetidos ao BDI-II (Inventário de Depressão de Beck) para graduação do episódio depressivo em nível mínimo, leve, moderado e grave. Variáveis clínicas, laboratoriais, histológicas e sócio- demográficas de interesse foram obtidas. Destes pacientes, 25% desenvolveram episódio depressivo sendo o pico de incidência observado na semana 12 de terapia antiviral. O episódio depressivo foi moderado em 87% dos pacientes. Não foi possível identificar preditores de episódio depressivo. A taxa de resposta virológica sustentada foi 75% e 67% nos pacientes com e sem episódio depressivo, respectivamente (p = 0,66). Os resultados permitem concluir que a incidência de episódio depressivo em portadores de hepatite C Crônica submetidas a terapia antiviral é elevada; não foi possível demonstrar fatores relacionados ao aparecimento deste; a presença de episódio depressivo não influenciou a taxa de resposta virológica sustentada. / Chronic Hepatitis C is one of the main causes of chronic liver disease around the world. In the west, it represents the leading cause of liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and indication of liver transplantation. Currently, the usual treatment consists on the use of pegylated interferon alpha and ribavirin, associated or not with the new protease inhibitors, for 24 to 48 weeks, depending on the genotype and the degree of liver fibrosis. Besides the far from ideal effectiveness, the treatment of chronic Hepatitis C is full of adverse events, of which the neuropsychiatric disorders stand out, especially the depressive episode. In Brazil, there are few studies about the incidence of that episode on double therapy. As such, the goal of this study was to verify the incidence and the factors associated with the appearance of the depressive episode in chronic Hepatitis C patients subjected to antiviral therapy with pegylated Interferon alpha 2a or 2b and ribavirin, as well as to evaluate the impact of the appearance of that episode over the sustained viral response. 112 chronic Hepatitis C patients were included, 80 of which were antiviral treatment-naive (control group) and 32 subjected to double therapy (treatment group), regularly followed at the Hepatology Clinic of the Gastroenterology Service of HU/CAS-Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, between June 2012 and June 2014. The HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) was used for tracking the depressive episode in both groups, being applied at baseline, at weeks 4, 12, 24 and 48 and 4 weeks after interruption of the therapy on the treatment group. The diagnosis of depression was established at patients with HADS ≥ 9. These were subjected to BDI-II (Beck Depression Inventory) for gradation of the depressive episode in levels minimum, light, moderate and severe. Clinical, laboratory, histological and sociodemographic variables of interest were obtained. On the treatment group, 25% of the patients developed depressive episode, with the peak incidence observed at week 12 of antiviral therapy. The depressive episode was moderate on 87% of the patients. It was not possible to identify predictors for the depressive episode. The sustained viral response rate was 75% and 67% on patients with and without depressive episode, respectively (p = 0,66). The results allow concluding that the incidence of depression on chronic Hepatitis C carriers subjected to antiviral therapy is high and was similar to what the literature describes; it was not possible to demonstrate factors related to the appearance of depression; the presence of depression did not influence the sustained viral response rate.
218

Investigating the antiviral activity of the interferon-inducible GTPase MxA against influenza viruses

Sherry, Lee January 2016 (has links)
The interferon (IFN) system forms an essential part of the innate immune response, up-regulating hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in response to viral infection. A key protein in this response is the human myxovirus resistance protein MxA, an IFN-induced GTPase with broad-spectrum antiviral activity, capable of inhibiting many RNA and DNA viruses. One of the most studied antiviral effects of MxA is the inhibition of influenza A virus replication, yet the molecular mechanism of antiviral activity is still unknown. Influenza A viruses are inhibited by MxA at two distinct stages of viral replication; during viral entry and following primary transcription of viral mRNAs. The antiviral effects of MxA during viral entry are highly dependent on IFN, however activity exerted after primary transcription can occur in the absence of IFN. This study provides evidence that MxA exerts its antiviral activity at these two stages of viral replication through distinct mechanisms, and outlines a potential model of MxA antiviral activity following primary transcription. A potential third antiviral mechanism of MxA is proposed based on the findings that MxA is able to regulate cellular lipid metabolism, thereby potentially affecting virion composition. Mutational analysis of MxA highlights the significance of GTPase activity to the antiviral effects of MxA, while also demonstrating that natural single nucleotide polymorphisms in MxA have the potential to severely impair or prevent antiviral activity. Finally, this thesis shows for the first time that MxA exhibits antiviral activity against influenza B viruses. Overall this thesis provides new information illustrating how MxA provides potent antiviral activity against influenza viruses. Such information is vitally important as understanding the molecular basis of how proteins such as MxA function against many human pathogens is fundamentally important in our efforts to create better long-term treatment options for all viral diseases.
219

Le virus Toscana : épidémiologie en région PACA-Corse et interaction avec la réponse immunitaire innée

Brisbarre, Nadège 21 February 2012 (has links)
Le virus Toscana : épidémiologie en région PACA-Corse et interaction avec la réponse immunitaire innée Le Toscana Virus (TOSV) est un arbovirus (arthropod-borne virus) qui appartient au genre Phlebovirus (famille des Bunyaviridae). Il est transmis par la piqûre d'un insecte hématophage, le phlébotome (Phlebotomus perniciosus et P. perfiliewi), piquant notamment l'homme. Le vecteur P. perniciosus est présent en France en forte densité sur le littoral méditerranéen. TOSV est endémique en France (isolé à partir de phlébotomes ou de sujets contaminés) et dans de nombreux pays frontaliers. TOSV est associé à des infections humaines généralement bénignes spontanément résolutives, la plupart des infections étant asymptomatiques ou pauci-symptomatiques. Toutefois, dans certains cas, le virus est à l'origine d'inflammations graves du système nerveux central (méningites ou méningo-encéphalites), nécessitant une hospitalisation. TOSV est ainsi l'un des agents viraux les plus fréquemment associés aux infections neuroméningées chez l'homme d'avril à octobre, lorsque les conditions météorologiques sont les plus favorables à l'activité du vecteur. Ce travail aborde deux aspects de l'infection à TOSV : un aspect épidémiologique et un aspect fondamental sur la relation entre l'immunité innée cellulaire et TOSV. L'étude épidémiologique est la première réalisée dans les régions PACA-Corse chez les donneurs de sang. Celle-ci a mis en évidence une prévalence IgM/IgG de 14% (allant de 7,8 % dans la Hautes Alpes à 18,8% dans les Alpes Maritimes). La prévalence des IgM est de 3,3% pour l'ensemble des départements, avec la valeur la plus élevée pour la Corse (8,7%). / Toscana Virus (TOSV) is an arbovirus (arthropod-borne virus) which belongs to the genus Phlebovirus (family Bunyaviridae). It is transmitted to humans by the bite of a blood sucking sandfly (Phlebotomus perniciosus and P. perfiliewi). The vector P. perniciosus is present in high densities in France on the Mediterranean coast. TOSV is endemic in France (isolated from sandflies or contaminated patients) and in neighbouring countries. When weather conditions are most favorable to the vector activity (April-October), TOSV causes asymptomatic or mild (flu-like symptoms) infections in humans. However, in some cases, the virus can be can be responsible for a severe inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS) resulting in meningitis or meningoencephalitis, requiring hospitalization. This work focused on two aspects of TOSV infection: the epidemiology of the virus in the south area of France and the relationship between innate immunity and TOSV. The epidemiological study was the first conducted in the PACA-Corse area among blood donors. Our results showed a mean seroprevalence of 14% IgM / IgG ranging from 7.8% in the Hautes Alpes to 18.8% in the Alpes Maritimes. The mean IgM seroprevalence was 3.3%, with the highest value for Corsica (8.7%). The results demonstrated that a large population of blood donors was once infected with TOSV, suggesting a potential transfusion risk. The second study focused on a more fundamental aspect of TOSV infection: the interaction between the virus and the interferon-&#946; response (IFN-&#946;). We demonstrated that TOSV replication is sensitive to IFN-&#946; treatment but the virus is able to inhibit the induction of IFN-&#946;.
220

Nouveaux rôles du complexe CCR4-NOT dans le contrôle de l'expression des gènes eucaryotes / Novel roles of CCR4-NOT complex in the control of eukaryotic gene expression

Chapat, Clément 17 September 2013 (has links)
De la synthèse des ARNm jusqu'à leur dégradation, le complexe CCR4-NOT est un régulateur essentiel de l'expression des gènes eucaryotes. CAF1 est une sous-unité catalytique qui joue un rôle central dans la fonction de ce complexe. La protéine humaine hCAF1 possède une activité déadénylase, régule la méthylation des arginines dépendante de PRMT1 et est un régulateur transcriptionnel des récepteurs nucléaires. Bien que l'ensemble des travaux publiés sur hCAF1 lui confère une place importante dans la régulation de l'expression des gènes, son mécanisme d'action et surtout les voies de signalisation qu'elle régule restent encore mal compris dans les cellules humaines. Lors de ce travail de thèse, nous avons mis en évidence une nouvelle fonction de la protéine hCAF1 comme régulateur de la voie des interférons via le contrôle du facteur de transcription STAT1 et la dégradation de ses ARNm cibles. L'identification de hCAF1 comme régulateur de l'activité de STAT1 et de la réponse aux interférons est très importante car des activations anormales de ces voies sont associées à de nombreuses pathologies telles que le cancer ou des maladies immunitaires. En parallèle, nous avons caractérisé un nouvel isoforme nommé hCAF1v2 produit par le gène humain Caf1 suite à un évènement d'épissage alternatif. Nos résultats indiquent que hCAF1v2 présente une divergence fonctionnelle vis-à-vis de hCAF1 puisqu'elle ne possède pas d'activité déadénylase intrinsèque et s'avère requise pour la régulation de la méthylation des arginines via son interaction avec l'enzyme PRMT1. L'ensemble des résultats obtenus identifient une nouvelle voie de signalisation régulée par la protéine hCAF1 dans les cellules humaines et permettent de mieux comprendre l'implication du complexe CCR4-NOT dans les mécanismes de régulation de l'expression des gènes / The multi-subunit CCR4-NOT complex has been implicated in all aspects of the mRNA life cycle, from synthesis of mRNAs in the nucleus to their degradation in the cytoplasm. The CAF1 protein is a catalytic subunit which plays a central role inside the complex. Human CAF1 is a deadenylase, modulates arginine methylation, and is a transcriptional cofactor of several nuclear receptors. The main objective of the thesis was to elucidate the molecular mechanism of hCAF1- mediated gene expression. We reported that hCAF1 is an important negative regulator of the interferon pathway and that hCAF1 is associated in the cytoplasm of resting cells with STAT1, a crucial transcription factor of this pathway. We found that hCAF1 participates in the extinction of the IFN signal via its deadenylase activity, by speeding up the degradation of some STAT1-induced mRNAs. Our findings are important because abnormal activations of this pathway are frequently associated with cancer and auto-immune diseases. In parallel, we characterized a novel isoform called hCAF1v2 produced by alternative splicing of the Caf1 gene. We reported that hCAF1v2 displays divergent functions compared with hCAF1. In fact hCAF1v2 does not have a deadenylase activity and is preferentially associated with PRMT1 to modulate arginine methylation. Altogether, our findings identify a new signalling pathway which is regulated by hCAF1, and reveal novel mechanisms utilized by the CCR4-NOT complex to control gene expression

Page generated in 0.0929 seconds