The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship betweensocial anxiety disorder and problematic internet use. Individuals withsocial anxiety disorder might prefer online interaction compared toface-to-face interaction. This could develop into problematic internetuse (PIU). PIU is when an individual uses the internet to the degreethat it negatively affects the individual’s life, based on Davis’ (2001)model of problematic internet use. The data was collected using anonline survey. There was a total of 484 participants in the finalanalyses, with 26.1% males, 71.5% females (Mage=27.99, SD= 10.1).First, a correlation analysis was done between social anxiety and PIU.The results showed that there was a positive correlation between socialanxiety and problematic internet use (r=.53). We then used age as amoderator to investigate if age had a moderating effect on socialanxiety and problematic internet use, using a moderation analysis. Theanalysis revealed a significant moderation effect of age, but a low leveloverall of PIU in the sample. This meant that even at high levels ofsocial anxiety, the sample did not display PIU-behaviors. Furtherresearch is needed to investigate the relationship between socialanxiety, PIU and what it looks like for different age groups. / Syftet med studien var att undersöka förhållandet mellan social fobioch problematisk internetanvändning och hur detta modererar medålder. Individer med social fobi kan uppleva det mer bekvämt attinteragera genom internet i jämförelse med i verkligheten. Detta kanleda till att individen utvecklar problematiskt internetanvändande(PIU). PIU innebär att en individ använder internet på ett sätt somnegativt påverkar individens liv, utifrån Davis (2001) modell förproblematiskt internetanvändande. Datainsamlingen skedde genom enwebbenkät. Totalt var det 484 deltagare i studien (Målder=27.99,SD=10.1), med 26.1% män och 71.5% kvinnor. Först genomfördes enkorrelationsanalys mellan social fobi och PIU. Resultaten visar att detfinns en positiv korrelation mellan social fobi och problematisktinternetanvändande (r=.53). Vi använde ålder som en variabel i vårforskning för att undersöka om ålder har en moderationseffekt påsocial fobi och problematiskt internetanvändande. För att undersökadetta genomförde vi en moderationsanalys. Resultaten visade att ålderhar en signifikant effekt på social fobi och PIU, men att det inte fannsen särskilt hög nivå av PIU hos deltagarna. Detta innebar att även vidhöga nivåer av social fobi uppvisade inte deltagarna PIU-beteenden.Framtida forskning är nödvändigt för att etablera hur förhållandetmellan social fobi och problematiskt internetanvändande ser ut mellanolika åldrar.

This study examined women's health messages found on ten endometriosis websites. Qualitative research methods were used to investigate messages available via Internet media about causes and treatments of endometriosis, particularly as they relate to the suggestion that hysterectomy and pregnancy are effective treatments. Messages about infertility, physician-patient communication, and accessibility were also examined. Findings indicate that the websites provided similar messages regarding the symptoms, causes, and treatments of endometriosis; results pertaining to infertility were mixed. Little information was available on methods of improving physician-patient communication. Most websites provided additional low-cost information while requiring minimal technological competency or additional software of site patrons. The results of this study have implications for future research in medical science and communication and reflect the importance of research on women's health communication. A detailed discussion of findings and suggestions for further research are offered. The author's own experiences with endometriosis are incorporated into the analysis.

Problematische Nutzung von digitalen Medien (z. B. Onlinespiele, Social Media, aber auch Internetaktivitäten im Allgemeinen) hat in den letzten Jahren verstärkte Aufmerksamkeit in Wissenschaft und Öffentlichkeit gleichermaßen erfahren und stellt ein verhältnismäßig neues Themenfeld im Bereich der Verhaltenssüchte dar. So gaben z. B. im Wiener Suchtmonitoring aus dem Jahr 2017 acht Prozent der Befragten (N=600) an, dass sie die Gefahr sehen, selbst einmal „internet-/handysüchtig“ zu werden, und ein Viertel der Befragten sieht diese Gefahr bei Angehörigen. Beide Werte sind etwa gleich hoch wie jene für Alkohol und deutlich höher als jene für illegale Substanzen (IFES, 2017). ... Instrumente zur Messung sind z.T. sehr umfangreich (Barke, Nyenuis, & Kröner-Herwig, 2014; Bischof, Bischof, Besser, & Rumpf, 2016; Demetrovics et al., 2012; Hahn, Jerusalem, & Meixner-Dahle, 2016; Mak et al., 2014 und Marmet, Notari, & Gmel, 2015). Mangels konsolidierter Literatur einerseits und lediglich punktuell vorhandener repräsentativer Datenlage zur tatsächlichen Prävalenz der problematischen Nutzung von unterschiedlichen Anwendungen andererseits (speziell in Österreich) (Strizek & Puhm, 2018, S. III) widmet sich die vorliegende Studie der Frage, wie die Internetnutzung, Nutzung von Online-Spielen und Social Media von Schüler:innen betrachtet, eingeschätzt und wahrgenommen wird. [Aus: Einleitung]

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:38:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ivelise Fortim.pdf: 2188836 bytes, checksum: ae340f46f4fd388ce6c8412d3000a363 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-12 / Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação Científica - CEPE / The aim of this study was to understand the experience of Pathological Internet Use (PIU) from self-reported users who declare themselves as "internet addicts". This is qualitative research, being a documental, transversal and retrospective study. The data were treated in two approaches: (i) using a statistical program for text analysis; and (ii) using categories of analysis, which were then analyzed by Jungian Psychology. The survey was conducted with a sample of 189 subjects. A total of 278 messages sent by these subjects were collected in the period from 02/2001 until 06/2011. The results indicate that the most frequent use seems to be for communicating, for sexual purposes and for navigation. Men seem to feel more dependent on communication, sex and games, while women consider themselves more dependent on communication and relationships. Four presented more psychological aspects can be highlighted. The first aspect is relative to the control: the internet gives the user a sense of great control over relationships with others and the image of itself. The second is that PIU appears to be a process of coping with situations of stress and anxiety. The pleasure obtained by some Internet activities shown to be additive, which means that life is restricted to the computer; pleasure seems to be coming from the control of activities, the ability to escape that they can provide, the ease and availability of sexual material, the infinitude of information and people. The third is related to the characteristic of the internet being seen at the same time as illusory as real, which enable a "half real" relationship with other. The forth is that many individuals are using the internet because it seems to liberate shadow aspects, sexual behavior, aggressive and also another aspects which are known but not assumed to others (as in shyness), the Internet seems give the user the feeling that he can be free, can be whoever he wants without censorship or social sanctions. Many users report negative consequences, such as negatively impact at studies, work, family and marital conflicts, social impairment, carelessness with themselves and with children. It is concluded that the internet is not harmful itself, but may provide a pathological use with serious consequences for certain users who are in vulnerable situations and use the internet to alleviate problems / O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de compreender a vivência do uso patológico de internet (UPI) a partir do autorrelato de usuários que se declaram viciados de internet . Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, sendo um estudo documental, transversal e retrospectivo. Os dados foram tratados de duas formas: (i) usando um programa estatístico de análise de texto e (ii) usando categorias de análise, que foram posteriormente analisadas pela psicologia junguiana. A pesquisa foi realizada com uma amostra de 189 sujeitos. Foram utilizadas 278 mensagens enviadas por estes sujeitos, coletadas no período de 02/2001 a 06/2011. Os resultados indicam que, com relação ao uso abusivo principal da internet, os mais frequentes na amostra são para comunicação, para fins sexuais e para navegação. Os homens se sentem mais dependentes de comunicação, sexo e jogos, ao passo que as mulheres se consideram mais dependentes de comunicação e relacionamentos afetivos. Quatro aspectos psicológicos mais apresentados podem ser destacados. O primeiro é a dinâmica relativa ao controle: a internet dá ao usuário a sensação de controle grande sobre as relações com os outros e sobre a imagem de si mesmo. O segundo é que o UPI parece ser uma estratégia de coping, de enfrentamento de situações de estresse e ansiedade. O prazer obtido por algumas atividades na internet mostra ser adictivo, o que faz com que a vida fique restrita ao computador. O prazer parece ser advindo do controle das atividades, da capacidade de evasão que elas podem proporcionar, da facilidade e disponibilidade de materiais, da infinidade de informações e pessoas. O terceiro está ligado a característica de as atividades da internet serem vistas, ao mesmo tempo, como ilusórias e como reais; permitem um meio relacionamento com as pessoas. O quarto é que muitos sujeitos se utilizam da internet porque esta parece ter um papel libertador; seja de aspectos sombrios, de comportamentos sexuais, agressivos, seja de aspectos até conhecidos, mas pouco assumidos frente aos outros (como a timidez por exemplo). A internet parece dar a sensação ao usuário de que ali ele pode ser livre; pode ser quem quiser, sem censuras ou sanções sociais. Muitos usuários relatam consequências negativas graves, tais como prejuízos no trabalho, comprometimento social, prejuízos nos estudos, conflitos familiares e conjugais, descuido consigo mesmos e com seus dependentes. Conclui-se que a internet não é nociva em si, mas pode proporcionar um uso patológico com consequências graves para determinados usuários que estejam em situações fragilizadas e se utilizem da internet para alívio dos problemas

Companies in the United States are concerned about the indeterminate effectiveness of corporate cyberloafing mitigation efforts leading to the persistence of employee cyberloafing behavior. Although middle managers are the driving force behind the transformational influences that guide employee productivity and could proffer practical solutions, a lack of clarity surrounds the middle manager's role in the overall cyberloafing mitigation efforts within organizations. The central research question for this transcendental phenomenological research study explored the lived experiences of middle managers regarding their roles in mitigating employee cyberloafing at higher education institutions in Florida. This study used a social constructivist-interpretive framework that draws from the multiple realities constructed through social interactions and lived experiences. Participants included 7 middle managers with experience mitigating cyberloafing at higher education institutions in Florida. Four major themes emerged from an inductive analysis of the data, including managing employee performance, proximity matters, cyberloafing interventions, and understanding employee online technology use. The results and recommendations of this study provide implications for social change. Business organizations may modify cyberloafing mitigation strategies and policies from a better understanding of manager/employee interactions, transformational managerial influences used to mitigate employee cyberloafing, and managerial knowledge of employee appropriation of online technology.

每一項新科技產品的誕生，總為人們帶來促進民主參與的無限想像，關於網際網路與公民參與的關係，持「動員」 (mobilization) 看法的學者認為網際網路對於那些在現有政治體系中處於邊緣地位者有協助告知(inform)、組織(organize)與吸引他們參與的功能。然而，也有學者認為網路資源只是對那些原本在傳統政治系統中的活躍份子進行「強化」(reinforcement)作用。強化假說認為，即使網際網路具備開放與去中心化的潛質，它也只對那些既有菁英們(elites)較有幫助，因此，原本參與偏差（biases）的現象仍然存在，甚至可能更為惡化。另一方面，主張「時間取代說」(time replacement)的學者則認為，電腦中介傳播是以現實生活中參與活動的時間，換取在網路上與人互動的時間，必然損害人們實體的社會資本，因此媒介使用對社會和政治參與有負面影響。 檢視過往研究，對於以上三種說法都各有支持，有關影響政治參與的因素，也有不少相關例證，但對於各影響變數之間關聯性的探討則較為缺乏。本研究針對臺北市、新北市及高雄市1,434位20歲以上民眾進行電話調查，嘗試了解不同層次的網路使用行為與選舉參與的關聯，並進一步討論各變項間的相互影響。 研究發現，單純的網路使用與否，對實體選舉參與並無預測力，必須進一步探究不同層次的數位應用情形，而數位使用能力對網路或實體選舉參與所產生的影響，也必須藉由網路政治內容瀏覽、網路政治意見交換及內在政治效能感等變項作為中介變數。這樣的結果顯示，未來欲探討網際網路對政治參與的影響，必須深入區分不同使用型態間的落差。 / The birth of a new technological product always brings to people an endless imagination on how this would promote the political participation. The scholars who think the Internet helps “mobilize” civic engagement believe the Internet helps to “inform,” “organize” and “attract” the individuals who are marginalized in the existing political systems. Some scholars, however, believe the Internet merely has a “reinforcement” effect on those who are already active in the political systems. According to the reinforcement theory, the Internet only benefits the elites despite its features of openness and decentralization; as a result, biases may still exist and even worsen. On the other hand, scholars who propose the “time replacement” theory believe that the time spent on participating in real-world activities is replaced by the time spent online, and this inevitably puts a loss on people’s social capital. Consequently, Internet usage has negative effects on social and political participation. All three above theories are supported by past studies, and there are sufficient findings on the variables that predicted political participation. But a discussion about the correlations between those factors is still lacking. As an attempt to reveal the correlation between the patterns of Internet usage and election related activities, a phone survey was conducted with 1,434 individuals in Taipei City, New Taipei City and Kaohsiung City who are 20-years of age and above. The findings indicate whether one accesses to the Internet or not does not predict one’s participation in voting, and a further analysis of different patterns of Internet usage is required.

The refugee crisis is currently a major world event. However, not much is known about the technology adoption and digital skills of those fleeing these conflicts and seeking asylum in foreign countries. To study this, a qualitative study was conducted in Umeå, Sweden. Data was collected through interviews, written responses and observations. The results show that refugees and asylum seekers have positive attitude towards digital technology adoption. However, they perceived digital technology primarily as tools to fulfil their recreational needs. A strategic use of technology for improving productivity was not evident. While formal internet skills were generally common among every user, most interviewees were not able to carry out more complex tasks, such as finding facts online, as they found it particularly challenging to select appropriate search systems and to construct meaningful queries. This research wants to contribute to the literature in IT and social inclusion. The findings reported here suggest that digital divide can be conceptualized as digital illiteracy because of lacking awareness over data management and information processing capabilities. Moreover, identifying the digital practices of these minority groups could be extremely meaningful for the digital inclusion strategy efforts of Sweden and for a better design of public services.