The aim of the present study was to investigate how the impermanence of contract work affects working lives, self-perceptions and the career strategies of Swedish screenwriters of finding and keeping work. Furthermore, it also explored how screenwriters experience their abilities to exercise authorial leverage over media content. Introducing the concept of “career authoring” to cover different aspects of the professional lives of screenwriters such as managing a career, establishing authorship and contractual negotiations, the study was able to embrace various mind-sets and strategies for career success. Combining ethnographical studies and textual analyses the study was able to ascertain that the contingency of the Swedish film and television industries necessitates strategies to cultivate reputations, industrial visibility, consciously receive writing credits and conform to a traditional division of labour. Moreover, the study illuminated the importance of contractual negotiations for career success in terms of both retaining and wavering rights to their work. Strategies for exercise increased authorial leverage were not only confined to the script, but extended beyond the page, where the latter  accentuated processes of reconfiguring traditional conceptions of screenwriters’ abilities to influence media content.

Made available in DSpace on 2009-11-18T19:01:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004 / A indústria brasileira de gás liquefeito de petróleo, GLP, tem sido alvo freqüente, nos últimos anos, da atenção de órgãos reguladores, mídia e público em geral. Muitas têm sido as especulações a respeito de seu padrão de conduta publicados na imprensa, variando desde práticas predatórias até a formação disciplinada de cartel. A presente pesquisa, baseada em depoimentos de executivos da indústria e no acesso a dados das firmas dessa indústria tomado públicos - dados financeiros e operacionais - explora qual seja, afinal, o padrão de competição desse oligopólio. O estudo parte da Teoria da Estrutura de Capital aplicada para decisões de competição e mercado - preços e quantidades a ofertar para constatar que, dadas suas escolhas de estrutura de capital, as firmas esta indústria específica simplesmente adotam um padrão tradicional de arrefecimento da competição a partir de sua dívida. A dívida, nesta indústria, é utilizada para a criação de barreiras de entrada. Ainda assim, casos de acirramento da competição e de concentração de mercado foram encontrados, indicando que não haja uma disciplina formal de conduta por parte de suas firmas as quais devem, eventualmente, encontrar dificuldades - ou falta de interesse - na convivência em um mercado em fase de transformação. / The Brazilian industry of liquefied petroleum gas, LPG, has been calling, in the late years, the attention of the media, regulatory agencies and the general publico Many speculations have emerged, in the press, over its pattems of behaviour, which have been ranging from predatory practices up to a formal cartel operating under collusion. The present research, based in statements from industry executives as well as in data publicly disclosed by those firms - financiaI and operational ones - explores what their competitive behaviour would be, after alI. The study starts from the Theory of Capital Structure applied to product market competition decisions - output and price decisions - to realize that, given their capital structure choices, the firms within that particular industry simply adopt a classical behaviour of sofier competition. Debt, in this industry, has the role of an entry barrier. Even though, cases of tougher competition have been found, indicating the lack of a formal discipline among its members which ones, eventually, may find it very difficult - or of no interest - to coexist together in a fast changing industrial environment.

Made available in DSpace on 2009-11-18T19:01:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ACF26.pdf: 1777467 bytes, checksum: 2a4c52e7ac5cb18d5ac00fae43bb5fa5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Due to high competitiveness in the current market, those companies which are deeply aware of their financial results have some competitive advantages, and based on that information, their managers can take decisions aiming at the maximization of their profit. Therefore, this research deals with the leverage as an operational strategy tool, for this it presents a study on a civil construction. In this field of activity, workmanship is a huge insume and the employees work overtime increasing the profits of the company. The main goal of this research is to demonstrate how the operational leverage can be used as an operational strategy tool in this context. It is a descriptive and applied research as to its goals and bibliographical, documentary and a field one as to the way it was performed. It took place during and at the construction of the new head office of the Legislative Assembly of Maranhão, which was carried out by the Petra Construção Ltda company in São Luís city. / Devido à grande competitividade do mercado atual, estão em vantagem competitiva aquelas empresas que conhecem profundamente seus resultados financeiros, para que a partir deste conhecimento seus gestores possam tomar decisões visando a maximização do lucro. Dentro deste pensamento, esta pesquisa trata da alavancagem como instrumento de estratégia operacional, para isso apresenta o estudo de caso de uma obra de construção civil, setor este cuja mão-de-obra é um significante insumo, cujos funcionários de produção trabalham horas extras, aumentando o lucro da empresa. O objetivo do presente trabalho é demonstrar como a alavancagem operacional pode ser utilizada como instrumento de estratégia operacional neste contexto. Quanto aos fins se trata de uma pesquisa descritiva e aplicada; quanto aos meios é bibliográfica, documental e de campo. Foi realizada na obra de construção da nova sede da Assembléia Legislativa do Estado do Maranhão que está sendo executada pela empresa Petra Construções Ltda na cidade de São Luís.

Submitted by Marcela de Carvalho Ponce Kawauti (marcelacponce@hotmail.com) on 2014-02-28T02:11:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DoddFrank_MK_270214.pdf: 3147203 bytes, checksum: 3ff834fb3d62bc255730fa98e23ba293 (MD5) / Rejected by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br), reason: Prezada Marcela, Falta a contra capa: Fundação antes da escola, numeração das paginas não estão de acordo com a ABNT. Modelos de dissertações/teses na biblioteca digital. Att. Suzi 3799-7876 on 2014-02-28T14:43:25Z (GMT) / Submitted by Marcela de Carvalho Ponce Kawauti (marcelacponce@hotmail.com) on 2014-02-28T23:31:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DoddFrank_MK_FINAL.pdf: 3155751 bytes, checksum: 5cbd278a6017fe7bff89ba5d061ec66d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2014-03-06T14:41:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DoddFrank_MK_FINAL.pdf: 3155751 bytes, checksum: 5cbd278a6017fe7bff89ba5d061ec66d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-03-06T14:44:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DoddFrank_MK_FINAL.pdf: 3155751 bytes, checksum: 5cbd278a6017fe7bff89ba5d061ec66d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-08 / The systemic financial crisis that started in 2008 in the United States had some severe effects in the economic activity and required the bailout of financial institutions with the use of taxpayer’s money. It also originated claims for stronger regulatory framework in order to avoid another threat in the financial market. The Dodd Frank Act was proposed and approved in the United States in the aftermath of the crisis and brought, among many other features, the creation of the Financial Stability Oversight Council and the tougher inspection of financial institutions with asset above 50 billion dollars. The objective of this work is to study the causal effect of the Dodd Frank Act on the behavior of the treatment group subject to monitoring by the Financial Stability Oversight Council (financial institutions with assets above 50 billion dollars) regarding capital and compensation structure in comparison to the group that was not treated. We use data from Compustat and our empirical strategy is the Regression Discontinuity Design, not usually applied to the banking literature, but very useful for the present work since it allows us to compare the treatment group and the non-treatment group in the year of the enactment of the law (2010). No change of behavior was observed for the Capital Structure. In the Compensation Schemes, however, a decrease was found in the item other compensation for CEOs and CFOs. We also performed a robustness check by running a placebo test on the variables in the year before the law was enacted. No significance was found, which supports the conclusion that our main results were caused by the enactment of the DFA. / A crise financeira com características sistêmicas que começou em 2008 nos Estados Unidos teve efeitos severos na atividade econômica e demandou o salvamento de algumas instituições financeiras com o uso do dinheiro dos impostos. Também gerou clamores por uma regulação mais estrita de forma a evitar uma nova ameaça no mercado financeiro. O Dodd Frank Act foi proposto e aprovado nos Estados Unidos após a crise e trouxe, além de outras características, a criação do Financial Stability Oversight Council e a maior fiscalização das instituições financeiras com ativos acima de 50 bilhões de dólares. O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar o efeito causal do Dodd Frank Act no comportamento do grupo de tratamento sujeito ao monitoramento do Financial Stability Oversight Council (instituições financeiras com ativos acima de 50 bilhões de dólares) com relação à estrutura de capital e de remuneração em comparação com o grupo que não recebeu o tratamento. Usamos dados do Compustat e nossa estratégia empírica é o Regression Discontinuity Design, que não é usual na literatura que analisa bancos, mas que nos permite comparar o grupo de tratamento e o grupo não tratado no ano em que a lei entrou em vigor (2010). Nenhuma mudança de comportamento foi observada na estrutura de capital. Com relação à remuneração. No entanto, encontramos uma queda no item Other Compensation para CEOs e CFOs. Também rodamos um cheque de robustez com um teste placebo nas variáveis no ano anterior à entrada em vigor da lei. Nenhuma significância foi encontrada, o que sustenta a nossa conclusão de que os resultados principais foram de fato causados pela nova legislação

A sociological approach is used to analyze incidences of extreme opportunism in financial markets. Through an analysis of arguably the most widely publicized "rogue" trader events in recent history, a determination is made of the validity of explaining these events as aberrations, attributable to the actions of "rogues". The primary focus is the role of structural factors underlying these incidences of extreme opportunism in financial markets. A diverse range of documentary and other sources is used to avoid any form of bias as far as possible. It was found that structural factors act as countervailing forces to inhibit such behavior or as motivators and facilitators acting as catalysts for extreme opportunism. The balance between these factors largely determines the level of opportunistic behavior in a particular environment. Extreme opportunism is therefore not an aberration or "rogue" occurrence but a manageable phenomenon intrinsic to the social structural context within which it occurs. By conceptualizing these factors as countervailing forces one is forced to view structural factors, like compensation structures and formal and informal restraints, relative to one another and no longer in isolation. This realization translates into the conclusion that restraints and oversight systems for example, should be designed relative to the relevant motivators and facilitators in its area of application. In an environment where traders of highly geared financial products are motivated with multimillion USD incentive packages, a low budget oversight system and inexperienced regulatory staff, is clearly not the appropriate tools to control and manage extreme opportunism. / Criminology and Security Science / D.Phil. (Sociology)

Existing literature and theories related to the separation of ownership and control and its impact on companies' financial performance, including dividend payment have left this subject in state of ambiguity and uncleamess, with various contradictions and inconsistencies being noted. In order to establish whether there is a significant difference in financial performance between owner-controlled and management-controlled companies in South Africa, as a result of the separation of ownership and control, this study has used appropriate mathematical and statistical methods for data processing and analysis. Results obtained from the study have revealed the existence of a significant difference in financial performance between owner-controlled and management-controlled companies in South Africa, as measured in terms of profitability, asset management, liquidity, leverage and dividend payment. The analysis has indicated that management-controlled companies have been more efficient, more mature financially and paying higher dividends, out of earnings available to shareholders, than their owner-controlled counterparts. / Business Management / M. Comm. (Business Management)

Små och medelstora företag är betydelsefulla för en växande ekonomi och utgör 99 % av samtliga företag i Sverige. Nya idéer och innovationer skapas ofta av småföretag som växer snabbt vilket ger incitament till att skapa en miljö som bidrar till att små och medelstora företag kan driva, innovera och skapa nödvändiga jobb. Små och medelstora företag spelar därför en betydande roll för sysselsättningen och ekonomin som helhet vilket gör studier på detta område relevant. Små och medelstora företag står inför ett flertal svårigheter jämfört med större företag. En faktor som påverkar företagens möjlighet till att växa är en begränsad tillgång till finansiering. Större företag är mer benägna att låna pengar vilket också denresursbaserade teorin förutspår. Tillgång till finansiering kan ses som en konkurrensfördel och leder till fler investeringar vilket stimulerar tillväxten och därmed sysselsättningen.Resursbaserade teorin utgår från konkurrenskraftiga resurser hos företag och kommer att i denna studie att användas till att identifiera företagsspecifika faktorer som på något sätt kan förklara sysselsättningen hos små och medelstora företag. Studien inriktar sig på hotellbranschen med restaurangverksamhet på den svenska marknaden. I uppsatsen undersöksdet hur skuldsättningsgraden, tillväxten, storleken, ålder och fördröjd variabel av antal anställda påverkar antalet anställda. Studien baseras på en kvantitativ undersökning med deduktivt angreppssätt över tidsperioden 2008 till 2016. Resultatet redovisas i en univariat analys i form av deskriptiv statistik, bivariat analys bestående av en korrelationsanalys samt en multivariat analys i form av en regressionsanalys. Det empiriska resultatet indikerar på att större företag med högre skuldsättningsgrad är mer benägna att anställda fler. En slutsats är att tillgången till ekonomiska resurser ger företagen konkurrensfördelar, fler möjligheter att överleva, tillväxt och ökad efterfråga på arbetskraft. / Small and medium-sized enterprise are important for a growing economy and make up 99% of all companies in Sweden. New ideas and innovations are often created by small businesses that grow fast, which gives incentives to create a platform that helps small and medium-sized enterprises drive, innovate and create necessary jobs. Small and medium-sized enterprisestherefore play a significant role in employment and the economy as a whole, which makes studies in this area relevant. The companies face a number of difficulties compared with larger companies. A factor that affect small and medium-sized enterprises ability to grow is a limited access to funding. Larger companies are more likely to borrow money, which also predicts the resource-based theory. Access to finance can be seen as a competitive advantageand leads to more investment, stimulating growth and hence employment.Based on the resource-based theory of competitiveness of a company, this study will be used to identify company specific factors that in some way can explain the employment of small and medium-sized enterprises. The study focuses on the hotel industry with restaurant activities in the Swedish market. The paper examines how debt, growth, size, age and lagged variable of the number of employees affects the number of employees. The study is based ona quantitative study with a deductive approach over the period 2008 to 2016. The result is presented in a univariate analysis in the form of descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis consisting of a correlation analysis and a multivariate analysis in the form of a regression analysis. The empirical result indicates that larger companies with higher debt ratios are more likely to employ more. One conclusion is that access to financial resources gives businesses competitive advantages, more opportunities for survival, growth and increased demand for labor.

The task of the study was to characterize the financial analysis, indicate the importance for decision making in business, to characterize the cash flow for financial analysis. Thus characterized by the analysis was performed on a real business, where they were enumerated various ratios: profitability, liquidity, debt, activities and indicators based on cash flow. Furthermore, the position expressed by the company against competitors, and some reputable and bankruptcy models.

Na tentativa de contornar os problemas ainda existentes para a detecção e identificação de erros grosseiros (EGs) no processo de estimação de estado em sistemas elétricos de potência (EESEP), realiza-se, neste trabalho, uma análise da formulação dos estimadores aplicados a sistemas elétricos de potência, em especial, o de mínimos quadrados ponderados, tendo em vista evidenciar as limitações dos mesmos para o tratamento de EGs. Em razão da dificuldade de detectar EGs em medidas pontos de alavancamento, foram também analisadas as metodologias desenvolvidas para identificação de medidas pontos de alavancamento. Através da formulação do processo de EESEP como um problema de álgebra linear, demonstra-se o porquê da impossibilidade de detectar EGs em determinadas medidas redundantes, sendo proposto, na seqüência, um método para identificação de medidas pontos de alavancamento. Para reduzir os efeitos maléficos dessas medidas no processo de EESEP verifica-se a possibilidade de aplicar outras técnicas estatísticas para o processamento de EGs, bem como técnicas para obtenção de uma matriz de ponderação adequada. / To overcome the problems still existent for gross errors (GEs) detection and identification in the process of power system state estimation (PSSE), the formulations of the estimators applied to power systems are analyzed, specially, the formulation of the weighted squares estimator. These analyses were performed to show the limitations of these estimators for GEs processing. As leverage points (LP) represent a problem for GEs processing, methodologies for LP identification were also verified. By means of the linear formulation of the PSSE process, the reason for the impossibility of GEs detection in some redundant measurements is shown and a method for LP identification is proposed. To minimize the bad effects of the LP to the PSSE process, the possibility of applying other statistic techniques for GEs processing, as well as techniques to estimate an weighting matrix are also analyzed.

Submitted by João Paulo Linhares (jplinhares@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-08-29T13:38:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Joao_Paulo_Martins_Linhares.pdf: 794952 bytes, checksum: 1261bfeec451e67fee91682262045dda (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2013-08-29T13:46:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Joao_Paulo_Martins_Linhares.pdf: 794952 bytes, checksum: 1261bfeec451e67fee91682262045dda (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-29T14:19:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Joao_Paulo_Martins_Linhares.pdf: 794952 bytes, checksum: 1261bfeec451e67fee91682262045dda (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-29 / O presente estudo teve por objetivo examinar a influência dos fatores macroeconômicos (câmbio, inflação e diferença das taxas de financiamento) e risco político na estrutura de capital das Subsidiárias das Multinacionais Estrangeiras no Brasil (SME) comparando-as com as Empresas Brasileiras Locais (EBL). Durante o período analisado (1998 – 2008) verificou-se que a média de alavancagem das SME foi superior ao das EBL. Foi possível também notar que existiu uma mudança de tendência na qual as EBL passaram a ser mais alavancadas do que as SME a partir de 2003, mesmo quando pareadas pelo tamanho aproximado. A variação cambial possui uma associação positiva com a alavancagem evidenciando a hipótese de hedge das receitas no contexto de exposição estrangeira da matriz. Contrapondo a hipótese inicial, o risco político representado pela corrupção diminui a alavancagem das SME. Por fim, a diferença as taxas de financiamento entre o Brasil e país da matriz da SME teve relação negativa com a alavancagem externa (dívida com terceiros). No entanto, a associação positiva com alavancagem intercompany (com a matriz) ocorreu apenas após 2003. / The present study aimed to examine the influence of macroeconomics factors (rates, inflation and difference between rates of financing) and political risk in capital structure of Multinational Foreign Subsidiaries in Brazil (MFS) comparing them with Brazilian Local Companies (BLC). During the analyzed period (1998 - 2008) it was found that the average leverage of MFS was higher than the BLC. It can be also noted a trend which BLC became more leveraged than the MFS after 2003, even when matched by proxy size. The exchange rate has a positive association with the leverage, showing that the hypothesis of hedge revenues in the context multinational parent foreign exposure. Contradicting the initial hypothesis, the political risk represented by corruption reduces the leverage of MFS. Finally, the difference between financing rates in Brazil and in the parent country of MFS had negative relationship with the external leverage (external debt). However, the positive association with intercompany leverage (parent debt) occurred only after 2003.