The primary purpose of this study was to identify and secure perceptions of what personal and institutional factors influenced and attracted adult students to enroll in four year institutions in Oklahoma. The secondary purpose was to compare student responses by institution. The more notable findings include: (1) dominant personal factors as to why adult students in this study returned to college were reportedly to improve/advance themselves, especially as it relates to their career; (2) flexible class scheduling was reported to be the most important institutional function for recruiting adult students, with academic quality and institutional costs of education next in importance; (3) almost 90% of respondents reported being under 45 years of age; (4) almost 85% reported commuting fewer than 50 miles to class; (5) approximately 90% reported enrolling each fall and spring (6) approximately twice as many respondents who returned to college reported they did so because it was more important to them to complete an unfinished degree than to begin a degree. Conclusions drawn from this study are as follows: (1) adult students appear to be unlikely to enroll in classes meeting more than three times a week; (2) adult students in Oklahoma may no longer be described as part time and/or night students; (3) these students appear to be returning to college as full-time students, absorbing it into their daily lives and continuing their careers; (4) adult students in Oklahoma are homogeneous in that they tend to be relatively young, white, well educated and employed; (5) institutional officials should exercise caution about using the information given by these students as tools for recruiting adult students to their institutions.

Hungarian pianist, composer, conductor, teacher and administrator, Ernst von Dohnányi (Ernö Dohnányi in Hungarian), was considered one of the most versatile musicians and the first architect of Hungary's musical culture in the late nineteenth and early twentieth-century. Dohnányi composed the Four Rhapsodies, op. 11, between 1902 and 1903, and among his many piano compositions, op. 11 are regarded as some of his most substantial works. Without directly imitating the earlier works of Liszt and Brahms, Dohnányi contributed to the rhapsody tradition with op. 11 by using his own unique stylistic compositional elements in the textural and formal structure. Texture and form are the most indicative characteristics of his rhapsodic language because of the improvisational nature that permeates his compositional style in the rhapsodies. In this dissertation the works are examined from within its textural and formal structure. Within texture, rhythm and accompanimental figurations are examined. Each rhapsody's structural organization, including references to eighteenth-century forms, and the cyclical elements in the work is analyzed. Background information on Dohnányi and a brief history of the rhapsody in the 19th century is also included.

In today’s complex society, organizational change is crucial for organizations’ survival. Previous research regarding organizational change has studied restructuration, mergers and cultural change. However, a research gap was identified in understanding a planned organizational change through the theoretical framework Four Flows. Therefore, a qualitative case study was conducted at an organization that recently changed from a flat to a hierarchical structure. The aim of the study was to create an understanding through Four Flows for how communicative flows at a digital agency, Digitalbyrån, changed in connection to the implementation of a new organizational structure. The methods used in the study were semi-structured interviews in combination with a qualitative content analysis. An organizational document was also collected for background information. The theoretical framework applied consisted of Robert McPhee and Pamela Zaug’s (2000) CCO theory Four Flows, and selected notions from Anthony Giddens’ (1984) Structuration theory. The results from the study showed that communicative flows at Digitalbyrån changed to a certain degree when comparing the communicative flows pre- and post-restructuring. More specifically, a moderate change was found in the flows membership negotiation, self-structuring and activity coordination and a significant change was found in the flow institutional positioning. Furthermore, the study showed that implemented change in an organization and change in communicative flows do not always change accordingly. Thus, the study demonstrated that actual change is constituted through the communicative flows, rather than being the result of the implemented change per se.

This study is about the public librarians role in relation to immigrants from the librarian’s perspective. A lot of immigrants live in Sweden and use the public library frequently, however it is uncertain what the public librarians role is in relation to immigrant users. The purpose of this study is to clarify the public librarian’s relation to immigrants. Three questions are used to understand the purpose: What roles do public librarians think they have in relation to immigrants in municipalities with a high proportion of immigrants? What are the roles of public librarians in the integration process? What are the functions of the library for immigrants? Seven public librarians have been interviewed and two theories have been used to analyze the interviews. The four spaces by Jochumsen, Hvenegaard Rasmussen and Skot-Hansen and the integration model by Ager and Strang. The conclusion of this study is that the public librarians have a pedagogical role, a social role and a welcoming role. Functions of the library are as a learning space, meeting space, inspiration space and performative space. A new role and a new function have also been found, which are the broadened role and the library as a citizen's office.

Digitalisering är för närvarande ett aktuellt ämne inom revisionsbranschen. Den digitala utvecklingen påverkar revisionsyrket vilket i sin tur påverkar revisorns roll. Med hänsyn till detta är det därför viktigt att studenter introduceras för digitalisering i ekonomiutbildningarna. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om ekonomutbildningarna omfattar de krav eller kvalifikationer som ställs på revisorer, avseende digitala kompetenser, av revisionsföretagen. Därmed formulerades följande forskningsfråga: Anpassar akademier sina utbildningar till de krav eller kvalifikationer, avseende digitala kompetenser, som efterfrågas av revisionsföretagen?Den forskningsansats som använts i studien är abduktion då studien växlat mellan teori och empiri. Studien utgår från en kvalitativ innehållsanalys där en undersökning av officiella dokument gjorts. De undersökta dokumenten omfattar tolv jobbannonser från åtta olika revisionsföretag. Vidare har en undersökning på elva kursplaner/utbildningsplaner gjort vid nio olika lärosäten.Studiens syfte har fullföljts genom att undersöka jobbannonser, utbildningsplaner samt kursplaner. Ur jobbannonserna framkom det att kunskaper inom digitalisering är kvalificerande men inget krav. Studiens resultat påvisar att de flesta undersökta ekonomiutbildningar omfattar digitalisering i lärandet. Vidare kan det inte påvisas att omfattningen är tillräcklig för att bemöta de kvalifikationer som ställs på revisorer av de undersökta revisionsföretagen. Studien har bidragit till en ökad förståelse för de krav och kvalifikationer, avseende digitalisering, som de undersökta revisionsföretagen efterfrågar. Vidare har studien bidragit med att förtydliga hur de undersökta akademierna anpassar ekonomutbildningarna till digitalisering. / Digitalization is currently an ongoing topic in the audit industry. Digital developments affect the audit profession, which affects the auditor's role. It is therefore important that students get introduced to digitalization in economic programs. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the economic programs include the requirements or qualifications imposed on auditors, regarding digital competencies, by the audit companies. The following research question was thus formulated: Do academies adapt their education to the requirements or qualifications, regarding digital competencies, that are required by the auditing companies?The research approach used in the study is abduction as the study alternated between theory and empiricism. The study is based on a qualitative content analysis where an examination of official documents has been made. The documents examined include twelve job advertisements from eight different audit companies. Furthermore, analysis of eleven course plans/education plans has been done at nine different academies.The purpose of the study has been completed by analyzing job advertisements, education plans and course plans. From the job advertisements it appeared that knowledge in digitalization is qualifying but not a requirement. The results of the study show that most of the examined economic programs include digitalization in the education. Furthermore, it cannot be concluded that the scope is sufficient to meet the qualifications imposed on auditors by the examined audited firms. The study has contributed to an increased understanding of the requirements and qualifications, regarding digitalization, that the examined audit firms demand. Furthermore, the study has contributed to clarify how the examined academies adapt economic programs to digitalization.

Covid-19-pandemin bröt ut i Sverige i början av år 2020. Pandemin innebar mångaanpassningar för människor, inte bara hälsorelaterade, utan även för det vardagliga arbetetinom organisationer. Många arbetsplatser ställde om till distansarbete för att minskasmittspridningen av coronaviruset. Så blev även fallet för de anställda inom revisionsbyråerna Big Four i norra Sverige. Dessa byråer befinner sig i en dynamisk miljö, där medarbetarnas kunskap och mål skiljer sig åt i stor grad. Studiens syfte var att förklara hur motivationen hos medarbetare i dynamiska miljöer har påverkats sedan styrningen och arbetet började ske på distans till följd av en kris. Vidare var avsikten med studien att förklara eventuella förändringar i motivationen hos medarbetarna och hitta förklaringar till vad det kan betyda och bero på. Studien är teoretiskt förankrad i Självbestämmandeteorin (eng.Self-determination theory) och begreppet återkoppling. Dessa valdes för att skapa enförståelse till vad som motiverar människor samt vad återkoppling kan göra för människors motivation och inställning till arbete. Datainsamling har gjorts via kvantitativ metod i form av en enkätundersökning som skickades ut till Big Four-byråerna i norra Sverige. Studiens resultat visar att minskad återkoppling kan vara en bidragande faktor som påverkarmedarbetarnas motivation till arbete. Till följd av distansarbete syntes ett samband att de som upplevde minskad återkoppling även upplever försämrad motivation till arbetet. Förslag till fortsatt forskning inom ämnet är att undersöka företag i andra branscher för att se eventuella likheter och skillnader. Det kan även vara av intresse att studera olika typer av återkoppling för att få en djupare bild av vilken typ av återkoppling som har störst påverkan på motivationen.

Titel: Mångfald hos Big Four - En kvalitativ studie om Big Fours mångfaldshantering i revisionsteam i Sverige Bakgrund: Mångfald har blivit en självklarhet i många företag och präglar numera dynamiken hos Big Four. Det förekommer emellertid lite data och forskning kring andra faktorer än kön av mångfald i revisionsteam. För att medlemmar i revisionsteam lättare ska kunna utnyttja varandras kunskaper och förbättra kvaliteten är fokus på mångfald viktigt. Denna studie kommer därmed  undersöka Big Fours mångfaldsarbete i revisionsteam. Syfte: Syftet med studien är undersöka hur Big Four företagen i Sverige arbetar med mångfald i revisionsteam.  Metod: Studien har genomförts genom en kvalitativ fallstudie. Empirin har samlats in via semistrukturerade intervjuer med medarbetare hos Big Four företag i Sverige. Slutsats: Studien visar att Big Four inte aktivt arbetar med mångfald i revisionsteam. Visst hänsynstagande kan tas till faktorn kön. Det finns emellertid inget krav från Big Four att medarbetare ska ta någon faktor i beaktning vid sammansättning av revisionsteam. Medarbetare hos Big Four anser att mångfald i revisionsteam kan bidra till fler synvinklar på problem och ett bättre kundbemötande. / Title: Diversity at Big Four - A qualitative study of Big Four's diversity management in audit teams in Sweden Background: Diversity has become a matter of course in many companies and now characterizes the dynamics of the Big Four. However, there is little data and research on factors other than gender of diversity in audit teams. A focus on diversity is important in order for members of audit teams to easily utilize knowledge and improve quality. This study will thus examine the Big Four's diversity work in audit teams. Purpose: The aim of the study is to investigate how the Big Four companies in Sweden work with diversity in audit teams. Method: The study was conducted through a qualitative case study. The empirical material has been collected through semi-structured interviews with employees from the Big Four companies in Sweden. Conclusion: The study shows that the Big Four does not actively work with diversity in audit teams. Some consideration can be given to the factor gender. However, there is no requirement from Big Four that employees must take any factor into account when composing an audit team. Employees at Big Four believe that diversity in audit teams can contribute to more perspectives on problems and better customer service.

<p>Many opportunities for frequent transit between the lunar vicinity and the heliocentric region will arise in the near future, including servicing missions to space telescopes and proposed missions to various asteroids and other destinations in the solar system. The overarching goal of this investigation is the development a framework for periodic and transit options in the Earth-Moon-Sun system. Rather than overlapping different dynamical models to capture the dynamics of the cislunar and heliocentric region, this analysis leverages a four-body dynamical model, the Bicircular Restricted Four-Body Problem (BCR4BP), that includes the dynamical structures that exist due to the combined influences of the Earth, the Moon, and the Sun. The BCR4BP is an intermediate step in fidelity between the CR3BP and the higher-fidelity ephemeris model. The results demonstrate that dynamical structures from the Earth-Moon-Sun BCR4BP provide valuable information on the flow between cislunar and heliocentric spaces. </p> <p><br></p> <p>Dynamical structures associated with periodic and bounded motion within the BCR4BP are successfully employed to construct transfers between the 9:2 NRHO and locations of interest in heliocentric space. The framework developed in this analysis is effective for transit between any cislunar orbit and the Sun-Earth libration point regions; a current important use case for this capability involves departures from the NRHOs, orbits that possess complex dynamics and near-stable properties. Leveraging this methodology, one-way trajectories from the lunar vicinity to a destination orbit in heliocentric space are constructed, as well as round-trip trajectories that returns to the NRHO after completion of the objectives in heliocentric space. The challenges of such trajectory design include the phasing of the trajectory with respect to the Earth, the Moon, the Sun, on both the outbound and inbound legs of the trajectory. Applications for this trajectory include servicing missions to a space telescope in heliocentric space, where the initial and final locations of the mission is the Gateway near the Moon. Lastly, the results of this analysis demonstrate that the properties and geometry of the periodic orbits, bounded motion, and transfers that are delivered from the BCR4BP are maintained when the trajectories are transitioned to the higher-fidelity ephemeris model. </p>

This study investigated what Swedish public and academic libraries expressed on their Facebook pages. This study looked at similarities and differences between public and academic libraries through the lens of the Four spaces model by Jochumsen et al. (2012). Data was collected from three public and three academic libraries’ Facebook posts. The data was analyzed through qualitative content analysis, inspired by Zhang and Wildemuth (2017).  The results indicated that Facebook was used partly in different ways in public and academic libraries. Public libraries used Facebook to promote literature, human rights, and they also focused on posts for younger audiences. The academic libraries mostly focused on helping students with their studies. There were also some differences within the same library type; for instance, one of the academic libraries did not focus on content for students. The four spaces model Jochumsen et al. (2012) considers the changing roles of the public library in society and how libraries can show legitimacy in their new environment. Results indicated that the public libraries primarily expressed the learning space, and secondarily, the inspiration space. Academic libraries mostly expressed the learning space. The meeting space and the performative space were seldom expressed, both in public and academic libraries.

This study examines the Four Spaces Model, from a sound environment perspective. It raises two questions: 1) What are the challenges for The Four Spaces Model, in terms of soundscape, when it is implemented into public libraries? 2) How can the challenges be managed? There has been used a variation of methods, included using an article about The Four Spaces Model, the Danish homepage “Modelprogram for folkebiblioteker”, as well as visiting three Swedish public libraries. Since the model seems to stipulate an open plan solution, there is a propensity for higher sound levels. The sound level could impair activities inside the library, for an example, reading comprehension might be impaired. Noise levels might be so high, that spoken communication would be harder to understand, especially for children, disabled people and foreign language speakers. The Swedish library law stipulates that these groups should be given particular consideration. Furthermore, the sound levels might be so high, that the space needs acoustic treatment, or even rebuilding, like the public library Garaget in Malmö. Zoning and acoustic treatment may not be sufficient to provide a good sound environment. Separate rooms would provide a good sound environment, but it is unclear if it is consistent with the model. Sound masking techniques could be used, but is unproven and has not received a mainly positive response from workers in open plan offices.