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11	Decoupled payments and agricultural output: a dynamic optimization model for a credit-constrained farming household Monge-Arino, Francisco Antonio 16 July 2007 (has links) No description available. Decoupled Payments Liquidity Effect Creditworthiness Effect Land Price Effect Dynamic Optimization Model Credit Rationing U.S. Agricultural Policy WTO Credit-constrained Farming Household Green Box Policies
12	臺灣各縣市平均地價對其生育率的影響 / The effect of average land price on fertility rate in Taiwan 廖珮郁, Liao, Pei Yu Unknown Date (has links) 目前超低生育率現象，已對整體社會的走向、國家經濟的發展、生活思維的方式等都產生了相當大的影響。換言之，生育不僅是婦女本身的問題，它與國際社會的動態、經濟的全球化、企業的國際化、現代的子女教育、社會的性別教育、老年人的護理等都有著相當緊密的關係。因此，本研究的主要目的，在於探討臺灣各縣市房地產價格對生育率的影響，並瞭解臺灣生育率持續下降的癥結所在，找出可能影響生育率下降的主要因素加以分析。本文利用臺灣23個縣市別的追蹤資料，涵蓋期間為2000年至2008年，採雙因子固定效果模型進行實證分析。估計結果發現，在控制其他變數不變之下，在生育率遞延二期時，臺灣各縣市平均地價對生育率為負影響，且在生育率遞延三期時更為顯著，兩者之間的資源排擠效果更為強大。而其他影響臺灣生育率的主要因素，如：各縣市農業人口比例、各縣市粗結婚率、與外國人結婚人數比例皆呈顯著正影響；臺灣各縣市平均地價、原住民人數比例及婦女勞動參與率皆呈顯著負影響。依本研究結果顯示，房地產價格是影響臺灣生育率相當重要的因素，政府應需高度正視此問題並有所作為。建議未來政府在訂定國家發展政策時，除需研擬更多提升生育率的策略，如：降低父母生育子女的機會成本、改善學前幼托體系，以及加強減輕家庭育兒壓力的宣導工作等，並可增加控制「臺灣房地產價格」及避免房價炒作之策略，以促進國家永續發展及增強國際競爭力。 / The current low fertility rate has been a great impact on our entire social trend, the development of national economy, and the way we think. That is, fertility is not only women’s consideration, but also an issue connected closely to international society, economical globalization, internationalization of business, children education, sex education, and nursing care of the elders. As a result, the main purpose of this paper lies on the effect of average land price on fertility rate in Taiwan. This article uses the panel data of the 23 counties and cities of Taiwan from 2000 to 2008, and does the evidence-based analysis by two-factor fixed-effects model. We found that the average land price has conspicuously positive effect on the fertility rate in Taiwan. While other main factors affect the fertility rate in Taiwan such as the proportion of farm-workers, crude marriage rate, and the proportion of marriage with the foreigners have conspicuously positive effects on it; on the other hand, female labor force participation and the proportion of aborigine have conspicuously negative effects on it. According to our study, average land price is the most important factor which affects the fertility rate in Taiwan, and the government should face the problem and do something to it. When making policy, it is suggested the government may take into consideration of how to control the housing price in Taiwan and avoid housing price speculation. 臺灣生育率臺灣各縣市平均地價雙因子固定效果模型 Taiwan fertility rate average land price two factor fixed effects model
13	Vliv ceny pozemku na obvyklou cenu stavby a jeho změna v důsledku NOZ / The impact of land price on the usual price of building and its change due to NOZ Matějka, Martin January 2015 (has links) The Thesis deals with impact of land price on the usual price of building and its change due to code no. 89/2012. The impact was determined based on market prices of lands and buildings retrieved from real estate databases. From statistically processed data was found out a 75% correlation between the market price of building and land. For numerical description the impact of land price on the usual price of building was assembled an equation. With this equation can be from land price roughly estimated usual price of building. The results of this thesis can contribute to speeding-up the process of initial estimation of usual price, as well as presents a way of displaying location, price, distribution of data and frequency of equal prices in one graph.
14	Posouzení vlivu územního plánování na cenu pozemků v Prostějově a jeho okolí / Evaluation of the Impact of Town and Country Planning on the Land Prices in Prostějov and its Surroundings Hrubanová, Michaela January 2010 (has links) The thesis is focused on setting land prices according to the rules of valuation and market price (the current). Selected lands are placed in non-structural locations and locations designed to be constructed at selected stages of landscape planning. Based on gained results was made evaluation of how various stages of landscape planning affects the current price and also the administrative price. The thesis also explains the cause of the difference and way how it affects the price of invested land.
15	Posouzení vlivu územního plánování na cenu pozemků ve Zlínském kraji / Evaluation of the Impact of Town and Country Planning on the Land Prices in the Zlín Region Dvořáčková, Lenka January 2010 (has links) The thesis is focused on setting market (current) land price and land price according to the rules of valuation. Lands are selected in non-structural locations and locations designed to be constructed at selected stages of landscape planning. Based on gained results was made a comparison of how can be the administrative and current price affected by various stages of landscape planning. I assessed what causes this difference and also how is the price affected in case of networking.
16	Aspekty ovlivňující cenu rybníka / Aspects affecting the price of the pond Smolík, Jindřich January 2014 (has links) This thesis deals with the measurement of ponds and influencing aspects that may play a role in the valuation of ponds. In the first part of the thesis, the author discusses the basic concepts and issues that are necessary for the valuation of the pond. In the second part of the thesis is stated as a specific example of a pond situated on three pozemcíchy using the cost method of valuation in accordance with Decree successive steps and for comparing valuation program ABN14.
17	台灣土地稅累進稅VS 比例稅比較研究林修正 Unknown Date (has links) 一般在討論台灣土地稅的文章，很多都從孫中山的土地稅論點發展，對地價變動的「不勞而獲」利益，力主予以課徵，課徵高稅率的土地增值稅，以求社會公平，也從關心社會公平的角度，對地價稅也主張以累進稅方式，用提高稅率方式促進土地利用效率。但本文認為這樣的觀點並不正確。我們從生產理論推論土地在生產活動，由於生產要素數量比例的調整會產生不同的生產力，進而推論一般認定土地土地價格、數量變動與土地收益變動的關係。地價變化的主因來自土地收益（地租）變化，土地收益變化是「因」，土地價格變化是「果」，處理地價變化問題，重點在對土地收益課稅，也就是地價稅，不是對地價變動課稅的土地增值稅。目前強調對地價稅輕稅，卻對土地增值稅重稅，不僅無法處理孫中山所提出取締「不勞而獲」的問題，甚至讓問題更嚴重。本文在公平上強調不僅土地資源的應用要公平，貫穿孫中山土地稅的精神，應該所有的生產資源都應一視同仁，由此反推出孫中山過份強調土地的特殊性，導致土地在經濟活動中受到不平等的對待，這樣的不平等，在經濟資源在經濟部門間的移動，導致土地價格更加不合理，也使資源配置更不合理。另一方面，我們也討論孫中山所謂的公平與目前累進稅的公平意義差別，認為現行土地稅採行累進稅，已經偏離孫中山的想法，與原意不合。而累進稅的設計在許多方面並無法促進公平，甚至更不公平。在效率方面，我們認為價格機能會讓資源配置到最佳狀況，因此地租曲線所呈現的相對土地收益、相對價格是很重要。由於百分之百的土地增值稅會出現閉鎖效果，使得土地增值稅改為累進稅制，這樣就紊亂值本的價格體系，扭曲資源配置，也讓價格資訊原本就不明的狀況更加不透明。不僅於此，連涉及土地收益的地價稅也採行累進稅制。更攪亂土地資源。我們認為土地稅採行累進稅，不僅扭曲孫中山的原意，而且對財富分配助益不大。再者，我們引進預期及均衡概念去解釋地價變動，實際上，土地交易價格因為含有預期因素，所以交易價格所反映土地購買者的報酬率經常會低於市場狀況，所以土地交易不一定有利。也從均衡的概念推論，一般認定購買土地的報酬率高，其實不正確。若購買土地的報酬率高，則賣土地的人就是傻瓜。最後，我們引用嘉義市的公告地價、公告現值，印證我們的推論。土地稅地價稅土地增值稅比例稅累進稅地價地租曲線 land tax land value tax Land value increment tax rate Proportional tax Progressive tax rate land price rent curve
18	土地價格對土地使用分區管制決策影響之研究 / Study of land price influence the descision making of zoning control 丁秀吟, Ding, Hsiu-Yin Unknown Date (has links) 過去有關土地使用分區管制與地價兩者間關係之研究，往往假設地價在實施規劃管制過程中呈中立性，且過去在探討土地使用分區管制與地價二者間關係之研究時，多著重在探討土地使用分區管制施行後對地價之影響上，對於土地使用分區管制決策是否受到土地市場中地價之影響，則僅在少數的研究中被探討。故本研究首先透過國內外相關文獻之回顧與分析，得知規劃管制決策者有時為求得最大之政治支持，有可能會以規劃管制為其尋求最大政治利益之工具，而扭曲規劃管制之原意，使得土地使用分區管制決策可能受到土地市場中地價之影響，然而地價於實際經濟社會中是否會影響土地使用分區管制決策，則有待進一步的探討與驗證。是以本研究以公共選擇理論與消費者效用理論為基礎，透過台北縣市土地使用分區管制決策過程與內涵之探討，利用羅吉特(logit)迴歸分析模型，以台北市為實證範圍，並以其72至81年度之房地移轉買賣實際調查資料，進行分年橫斷面分析方式，求取選擇性偏誤訂正項後，再納入地價方程式中估計，以求地價函數一致性估計，據以逐年檢驗地價對土地使用分區管制決策之影響情形。再以台北市信義計畫區為個案分析之對象，檢視於現實社會中地價對土地使用分區管制決策之影響情形。經由上述之實證與個案分析，得到以下之結論：一、土地使用分區管制決策在執政者追求最大政治利益之假設下，將可能受到利益團體等相關者之壓力，而做出只利於少數人之土地使用分區管制決策。二、土地使用分區管制決策可能會受土地市場中地價之影響。三、地價對土地使用分區管制決策之影響不穩定。四、對土地使用分區管制決策時應有制度性之建立以審慎考量規劃管制之旨意。 / In the literatures, the study on. the relationship between land price and zoning control was assumed that land price is neutral. Moreover, the studies of land price and zoning control are more on the impact of land use control upon land price. The issue that impact of land prices upon the decision making of zoning control is rarely investigated. Based upon the theories of public choice and consumer's utility, this study discusses the process and content of zoning control decision-making. Then, by Logit model, the transaction data of property in Taipei City from 1983 to 1992 are employed to test the impact of land price upon the decision making of zoning control. Furthermore, a case study of Shin-I Planning District in Taipei City is analyzed so as to examine the impact of land price upon zoning control decision-making in the real operation. The major findings of this study are that, land price may affect the decision making of zoning control in the long term. However, the impact of land price upon the zoning control decision-making is unstable. Finally, based upon the public choice theory, the empirical results are discussed so as to apply the findings to the land policy. 土地使用分區管制決策羅吉特模型土地價格選擇性偏誤利益團體公共選擇理論 Decision making of zoning control Logit model Land price Selectity bias Interest group Public choice theory
19	Srovnání vybraných způsobů ocenění pro nemovitost typu pozemek v lokalitě Znojmo / Comparison of Selected Methods of Land Valuation in the Location of Znojmo Štola, Josef January 2010 (has links) The subject of my thesis is a comparison of selected methods of measurement suitable for land in the Znojmo area, assess the appropriateness of valuation methods in comparison with the cost of actually realized by sale, devise a procedure for pricing and evaluating the most common method of valuation of land in the selected location. For this work I chose the land, the sale was conducted last year by one of Znojmo Realtors.
20	Highway Development Decision-Making Under Uncertainty: Analysis, Critique and Advancement El-Khatib, Mayar January 2010 (has links) While decision-making under uncertainty is a major universal problem, its implications in the field of transportation systems are especially enormous; where the benefits of right decisions are tremendous, the consequences of wrong ones are potentially disastrous. In the realm of highway systems, decisions related to the highway configuration (number of lanes, right of way, etc.) need to incorporate both the traffic demand and land price uncertainties. In the literature, these uncertainties have generally been modeled using the Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) process, which has been used extensively in modeling many other real life phenomena. But few scholars, including those who used the GBM in highway configuration decisions, have offered any rigorous justification for the use of this model. This thesis attempts to offer a detailed analysis of various aspects of transportation systems in relation to decision-making. It reveals some general insights as well as a new concept that extends the notion of opportunity cost to situations where wrong decisions could be made. Claiming deficiency of the GBM model, it also introduces a new formulation that utilizes a large and flexible parametric family of jump models (i.e., Lévy processes). To validate this claim, data related to traffic demand and land prices were collected and analyzed to reveal that their distributions, heavy-tailed and asymmetric, do not match well with the GBM model. As a remedy, this research used the Merton, Kou, and negative inverse Gaussian Lévy processes as possible alternatives. Though the results show indifference in relation to final decisions among the models, mathematically, they improve the precision of uncertainty models and the decision-making process. This furthers the quest for optimality in highway projects and beyond. highway development decision making under uncertainty real options jump processes infinitely divisible distributions Lévy processes measure theory characteristic function characteristic exponent Lévy jump measure probability measure cádlág stochastic process Wiener process Poisson process compound Poisson process finite activity models jump diffusion models Merton model Gaussian jump process Kou model double exponential jump process leptokurtic volatility smile infinite activity models pure jumps process generalized hyperbolic model modified Bessel function negative inverse Gaussian model geometric Brownian motion model log-normal distribution model normality assumption heavy-tailed distribution asymmetric distribution quantile-quantile plot Rydberg algorithm parameter calibration moments cummulants sum of squares Monte Carlo simulation least-squares regression backward dynamic programming discrete-time Markov chain land price traffic demand highway service quality index data collection traffic volume Annual Average Daily Traffic Ontario Ministry of Transportation Land Registry Office Freedom of Information Act seasonality value of transportation types of transportation systems importance of highway systems cost of wrong decisions monetary cost private sector cost human cost land expropriation environmental cost irreversibility cost factor time cost factor political cost factor opportunity cost opportunity cost of wrong decisions economic cost of wrong decisions economic cost of mis-estimation economic profit of wrong decisions cost of inaction price of making right decisions scope of decisions rehabilitation decision land acquisition decision expansion decision uncertainty modeling land acquisition cost expropriation cost construction cost material cost Montréal-Mirabel International Airport Pickering Airport 407 Express Toll Route Highway 407 Statistics

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