Legal limits of the cross-border movement of military materials The global trade with military materials is an important, however often under- researched, area of academic enquiry. Such attitude is not correct, because in fact it is a massive global industry in which also Czech companies play a significant role. Given the newspaper headlines and statements of arms dealer, it is obvious there have long been unsolved problems burdening arms dealers caused especially by an inappropriate legal framework. This theses aims to provide an analysis of legal framework in respect to cross-border movement of military materials covering especially European and Czech legislation focusing on its potential limits arising and important for arms dealers. On a global international level the Arms Trade Treaty and other relevant treaties regulating international trade with military materials are identified and described. Attention is also paid to limitations of arms trade such as embargoes or restrictive measures imposed by the UN and the EU respectively as well as to limitations resulting from domestic and European legislation or from its different interpretation. In view of different legal framework this thesis strictly distinguishes whether a movement is realized, while particular law is adequately reflected. There...

RESUMÉ THE PERFORMANCE OF A LEGAL PROFESSION (THE BAR) IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC AND IN BELARUS The aim of this thesis is to characterize the practice of law in the Czech Republic and Belarus. This theme was chosen because of the comparison of advocacy in both countries and also because of the limited number of literature sources about law practices and advocacy organization in Belarus, to at least briefly cover the operation of this Institute from the very beginning. Czech Republic and Belarus are democratic countries. Czech Republic is a parliamentary form of government. According to the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus (1994) it is a presidential republic, with strong centralization of legislative, executive and judicial power in the hands of the president, as evidenced by presidential decrees, which significantly affects the advocacy activities and organization in Belarus. A common feature of both countries is the nature of the mission of advocacy - providing skilled and professional legal assistance in accordance with the law; serving the principles of legality and justice. This thesis is systematically divided into individual chapters. The first chapter defines the key terms related to the Advocacy Institute and the right to legal assistance in general. The second chapter is devoted to the...

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-06-27T17:34:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaElinetePereira.pdf: 785163 bytes, checksum: d8488357294713dc35f0f7d48fa16125 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-27T17:34:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaElinetePereira.pdf: 785163 bytes, checksum: d8488357294713dc35f0f7d48fa16125 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-05 / The research entitled “License in Pedagogy Course/ PARFOR – National Plan for Elementary Teacher Education: implications in the practice of student-teachers in Imperatriz – MA”, aimed primarily at analyzing the implications of the License in Pedagogy / PARFOR in the teaching practices of student-teachers. It focuses on the perception that they have about their education and if it led them to different teaching practices. As basis for this investigation, we used Saviani’s book (2013), “Pedagogia histórico-crítica”, understanding that the school, through mediators of the teaching and learning process, can and should develop a critical and pedagogical practice that will be able to transform society. The theoretical reference developed from two axel points: 1 – teacher education from the 90s, embracing the curricular guidelines for the elementary teacher trainings, the curricular guidelines of the License in Pedagogy courses, the theoretical contributions about initial training, curriculum and teaching education; 2 – pedagogy practice among teachers, focusing on the concept of teaching practices and the relation between theory and practice, critical and historical pedagogy: an alternative to the construction of a transforming pedagogical practice, didactics and critical and historical pedagogy: a possible reality. We used the contributions of Pimenta (1997), Brzezinski (2002), Gatti (2010; 2011), Barreto (2010), Ramalho, Nunez e Gauthier (2004) Bissolli da Silva (1999), Frigotto (2000), Silva (2007), Pacheco (2005), Arroyo (2013), Kosik (1976), Freire (2014), Vázquez (2007), Saviani (2009; 2011; 2012; 2013), Veiga (2013), Libâneo (1985; 1990; 2003), Caldeira (2010), Gasparin (2012), Bourdieu (2008), Gauthier (2013), Gadotti (1999), among others. The investigation adopted a qualitative perspective related to teaching conceptions, values, understandings, meanings, interpretations and attitudes, situated in the historical and social process, to bring possible transformations to reality. To collect dada, we developed procedures as an identity profile questionnaire, semi-structured interviews and document inquiry. The dada were analyzed and organized by using content analysis techniques, from Bardin (2011) and Franco Barbosa (2003). The research population was the Pedagogy/PARFOR student-teachers from the area of Imperatriz – MA. The research noticed that the step-bystep routine of these student-teachers was inherited from the traditional school: responding to official curriculum demands; teaching and class planning; schedule; pedagogical meetings; etc. However, we highlight that these relations are better perceived when observing students difficulties, social practice appreciation, even if the context is totally open to a critical proposition for the teaching and learning process. / Esta pesquisa, intitulada O CURSO DE LICENCIATURA EM PEDAGOGIA/PARFOR - Plano Nacional de Formação de Professores para a Educação Básica: Implicações na prática pedagógica dos alunos-professores, do polo de Imperatriz - MA, teve como objetivo central analisar as implicações do curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia/PARFOR na prática pedagógica dos alunos-professores, focalizando a percepção que estes têm sobre a formação e se essa formação os encaminhou para uma prática pedagógica diferente. Como base de sustentação da investigação, utilizamos a Pedagogia histórico-crítica de Saviani (2013), por compreender que a escola, por meio dos mediadores do processo de ensino e aprendizagem, pode e deve desenvolver uma prática pedagógica crítica e transformadora da sociedade. O referencial teórico se desenvolveu a partir de dois eixos: 1 - a formação de professores a partir da década de 1990, abrangendo as diretrizes curriculares para a formação de professores da educação básica, as diretrizes curriculares do curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia, as contribuições teóricas sobre formação inicial e o currículo e a formação de professores; 2 - a prática pedagógica dos professores, focalizando o conceito de prática pedagógica e a relação teoria e prática, a Pedagogia histórico-crítica: uma alternativa para a construção de uma prática pedagógica transformadora, a didática e a pedagogia histórico crítica: uma realidade possível. Recorremos às contribuições de Pimenta (1997), Brzezinski (2002), Gatti (2010; 2011), Barreto (2010), Ramalho, Nunez e Gauthier (2004) Bissolli da Silva (1999), Frigotto (2000), Silva (2007), Pacheco (2005), Arroyo (2013), Kosik (1976), Freire (2014), Vázquez (2007), Saviani (2009; 2011; 2012; 2013), Veiga (2013), Libâneo (1985; 1990; 2003), Caldeira (2010), Gasparin (2012), Bourdieu (2008), Gauthier (2013), Gadotti (1999), dentre outros. A investigação adotou uma perspectiva qualitativa, com o propósito de explorar as relações escolares envolvendo concepções, valores, entendimentos, significados, interpretações e atitudes dos professores, situando-os em um processo histórico e social, possível de transformações diante da realidade. Para a coleta de dados, utilizamos como procedimentos um questionário de perfil identitário, a entrevista semiestruturada e a análise documental. Os dados foram analisados e organizados a partir da técnica de análises de conteúdo, com base em Bardin (2011) e Franco Barbosa (2003). Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram os alunos-professores do curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia/PARFOR do polo de Imperatriz-MA. A pesquisa constatou que o passo a passo da prática pedagógica exercida pelos alunos-professores segue uma rotina como na maioria das escolas: as exigências ao atendimento do currículo oficial, o planejamento de ensino e de aulas, os horários, as reuniões pedagógicas, etc. Contudo, frisamos que essas relações escolares são concebidas com mais compreensão, respeito às dificuldades dos alunos, valorização da prática social, ainda que o contexto não esteja totalmente aberto a uma proposta crítica para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem.

Accounting professors will now be accountable for teaching their students to think critically, analyze, and evaluate information. The pressure to change accounting higher education cannot be ignored with the new version of the CPA exam, released in April 2017, which now tests analysis and evaluation skills. Have the professors made the changes in their classrooms that will help their students to be successful with this format of questioning? This research seeks to find whether professors have indeed embraced pedagogy that will enhance students’ ability to develop higher order thinking skills. The study begins by explaining changes to the CPA exam. The study provides literature review of the accounting education process, traditional methods of teaching accounting, suggested methods of teaching accounting for enhancement of critical thinking, and identified reasons for resistance to changing teaching methods. The survey is designed to identify current teaching methods in accounting classrooms. The survey seeks to discover what methods are being used to develop higher order thinking skills. The results show that lecture and demonstration of problems are still the predominant method of instruction in accounting classrooms, and these methods are not typically endorsed by research in terms of developing critical thinking, analysis and evaluation skills.

No description available.

<p>Andersson, A. (2008) Medarbetares upplevelser i samband med utbildningen Skiftarbetarkörkortet – en utvärdering. C-uppsats i pedagogik, 15hp. Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och psykologi. Högskolan i Gävle.</p><p>Skiftarbete är något som många förknippar med oregelbundna kost- och sovvanor. Tidigare forskning visar att detta är en riskfaktor för en rad framtida risktillstånd samt följdsjukdomar till exempel bör nämnas högt blodtryck, minskad insulinkänslighet och övervikt. Med</p><p>anledning av detta har en utbildning som kallas Skiftarbetarkörkortet tillkommit som syftar till att öka kunskaperna inom områdena kost-, sömn- och alkoholvanor.</p><p>Denna studie har för avsikt att med hjälp av fokusgrupper studera hur medarbetare på en avdelning inom stålindustrin och som genomgått utbildningen Skiftarbetarkörkortet upplever om den ökade kunskapen har påverkat deras levnadssätt. Studien är en utvärdering utifrån</p><p>medarbetarnas egna upplevelser och urvalet skedde med hjälp av en förfrågan hos det aktuella företaget.</p><p>Resultatanalysen visade att medarbetarna upplever det som positivt att företaget satsar på deras hälsa och välmående samt att utbildningen berörde många viktiga områden så som kost, sömn, alkohol, fysisk aktivitet och skiftgången. Däremot ansåg ett flertal av deltagarna att informationen till stor del var för ytlig. Med det menas att kunskapen som förmedlades redan var känd för de som arbetade skift. Det efterfrågades en djupare bakomliggande orsak till</p><p>varför ovannämnda risktillstånd uppstår lättare vid skiftarbete.</p>

Swedish clubfootball of today involves more money than ever before. This development depends on the higher interest for football in Sweden which generates more revenues from audience and TV-contracts, which leads to more money from sponsors and an increasing market for selling souvenirs. Despite the fact that the increasing interest has generated more revenues, we can still see reports in the media about economic problems in some clubs. What is the reason for this? Do the clubs have the ability and knowledge about economic control that it takes to run such a business as the clubfootball in Sweden has become? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the economic control in a number of clubs playing in the two Premier Divisons of the Swedish Football League. The purpose is also to get a better understanding of how and why such problems occur and how to possibly prevent them. Method: We have used a qualitative study based on five interviews with representatives from different football clubs in Sweden. The method has been chosen to give us a better understanding for how the economic control works in the different clubs. Theory: The theoretical framework of the study involves the context that non-profit organizations and stock companies act in. Furthermore the study describes different theories in the area of economic control with extra focus on budget. Empirical foundation: The five interviews with representatives from AIK, Djurgården, Hammarby, IFK Norrköping and Jönköping Södra IF constitutes the empirical foundation of the study. Conclusions: The study shows that all clubs use budget to control their economy. They all believe that they have good control over their financial situation, which can be explained partly by the introduction of the club license. The goals are still to reach good sport results and the economy is seen as means to reach these goals. The study also shows that more independence in the boards of the clubs could be something to strive for. / Svensk klubbfotboll är idag mer business än någonsin tidigare. Detta beror på det ökade fotbollsintresset i landet vilket lett till ökade publikintäkter, mer pengar från tv-avtal, som i sin tur leder till ökade pengar från sponsring och en ökad souvenirförsäljning. Samtidigt som det ökade intresset har genererat större intäkter nås vi titt som tätt av mediernas rapportering om att föreningar hamnat i olika typer av ekonomiska problem. Vad kan detta bero på? Har föreningarna verkligen de förutsättningar och den kunskap om ekonomisk styrning som krävs för att bedriva en så pass affärsmässig verksamhet som elitfotbollen i Sverige utvecklats till? Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur ekonomistyrningen går till i ett antal elitsatsande svenska fotbollsföreningar, få en bättre förståelse för hur och varför ekonomiska problem kan uppstå i en fotbollsförening samt hur de kan förhindras. Metod: Vi har använt oss av en kvalitativ metod i form av fem semistrukturerade intervjuer med representanter för olika elitsatsande fotbollsföreningar i Sverige. Metoden har valts för att ge en bättre förståelse för hur ekonomistyrningen fungerar i de valda föreningarna. Teori: Den teoretiska delen av uppsatsen består till en del av de förutsättningar som ideella föreningar och idrottsaktiebolag verkar inom. Dessutom beskrivs olika teorier inom området ekonomistyrning med fokus på budget. Empiri: Empirin består av fem intervjuer med representanter för de allsvenska föreningarna AIK, Djurgården och Hammarby samt IFK Norrköping och Jönköping Södra IF från Superettan. Resultat: Studien visar att budget är det ekonomiska styrverktyg som används. Föreningarna säger sig ha god kontroll över den ekonomiska situationen, vilket delvis kan förklaras av den så kallade elitlicensens införande. Dock är de primära målen sportsliga och ekonomin ses som ett medel att nå dessa mål. Studien visar även att fler oberoende ledamöter i föreningarnas styrelse skulle kunna vara något att sträva efter.

Andersson, A. (2008) Medarbetares upplevelser i samband med utbildningen Skiftarbetarkörkortet – en utvärdering. C-uppsats i pedagogik, 15hp. Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och psykologi. Högskolan i Gävle. Skiftarbete är något som många förknippar med oregelbundna kost- och sovvanor. Tidigare forskning visar att detta är en riskfaktor för en rad framtida risktillstånd samt följdsjukdomar till exempel bör nämnas högt blodtryck, minskad insulinkänslighet och övervikt. Med anledning av detta har en utbildning som kallas Skiftarbetarkörkortet tillkommit som syftar till att öka kunskaperna inom områdena kost-, sömn- och alkoholvanor. Denna studie har för avsikt att med hjälp av fokusgrupper studera hur medarbetare på en avdelning inom stålindustrin och som genomgått utbildningen Skiftarbetarkörkortet upplever om den ökade kunskapen har påverkat deras levnadssätt. Studien är en utvärdering utifrån medarbetarnas egna upplevelser och urvalet skedde med hjälp av en förfrågan hos det aktuella företaget. Resultatanalysen visade att medarbetarna upplever det som positivt att företaget satsar på deras hälsa och välmående samt att utbildningen berörde många viktiga områden så som kost, sömn, alkohol, fysisk aktivitet och skiftgången. Däremot ansåg ett flertal av deltagarna att informationen till stor del var för ytlig. Med det menas att kunskapen som förmedlades redan var känd för de som arbetade skift. Det efterfrågades en djupare bakomliggande orsak till varför ovannämnda risktillstånd uppstår lättare vid skiftarbete.

A before and after comparison of vehicle occupancy distributions for the Atlanta, GA I-85 HOV to High Occupancy Toll (HOT) lane conversion scheduled for summer 2011, will assess the changes in vehicle and passenger throughput associated with lane conversion. The field deployment plans and data collection methodologies developed for the HOT evaluation were the result of a comprehensive literature review, an examination of previous data collection methods, an evaluation of the physical characteristics of the I-85 corridor, and the testing of a variety of equipment/manpower strategies. The case study in this thesis evaluates the established vehicle occupancy methodology for consistency across multiple observers during parallel data collection efforts. The differences noted in exact matches and consistency across the use of the "uncertain" values developed for field implementation is specifically assessed. Results from this study are the first step in assessing the validity of the data collection methods used on the HOT corridor and will yield recommendations for improving the methodology for future occupancy studies. A separate assessment of the accuracy of the methodology is also being conducted by the research team and will be published under a separate cover.

<p>Arguably, the Schumpeterian ideology of “creative destruction” saying that eventually even the most secure monopoly will be destroyed by a new technology, a new idea, or a shift in tastes could be applied to open source software. Currently, the proprietary software holds a strong position in the software market. Nevertheless, one could see a surge in articles and acceptance among organisations concerning open source software.</p><p>Proprietary software companies like Microsoft are still gaining ground within the Swedish municipalities. Although one get the impression that municipalities generally are positive toward open source software, the decision-making process often results in choosing a proprietary software alternative. However, one could question which are the underlying factors and to what extent are these factors affecting the decision-making process of municipalities integrating or migrating into open source software?</p><p>In order to study this phenomenon, we chose a quantitative approach using a questionnaire as the tool for data gathering. The sample consisted of 100 randomly selected municipalities. A pre study was made through an interview in order to strengthen the accuracy of the questionnaire which later on was sent out to the IT manager at each municipality in the sample.</p><p>The organisational-, environmental-, user- and system level are four main factors affecting the decision-making process concerning open source software. Among these, the organisational factor was the only one which had a significant negative impact on the decision-making process concerning open source software. The importance of being able to integrate different software increases the need for compatibility which, according to the IT managers, is facilitated using a standardized software environment offered by for example Microsoft.</p>