Orientador: Ana Maria Domingues de Oliveira / Banca: Sandra Aparecida Ferreira / Banca: Altamir Botoso / Resumo: Com base na trajetória da literatura infantil e sua relação com a pedagogia, esta pesquisa pretende abordar três obras poéticas da escritora Cecília Meireles por esse ponto de vista, ressaltando o discurso pedagógico presente nas obras de poesia infantil da escritora, como Criança meu amor, A festa das Letras e Ou isto ou aquilo. Pretende-se desvendar o discurso pedagógico contido nesses textos evidenciando neles a presença de uma criança modelo, como forma de exemplo para o leitor, como também na abordagem de assuntos que buscam enfatizar conhecimentos para a criança. Esse discurso apresentado nos versos da poetisa retrata uma educadora e escritora preocupada com o universo infantil e suas particularidades. Essas três obras de Cecília Meireles, portanto, apresentam características que às associam à educação, auxiliando no processo de ensino. Para além disso, a pesquisa também aborda o discurso estético dos poemas, sua musicalidade, imagem e ritmo, ressaltando a importância desses elementos poéticos para a obra da escritora. Por causa de seu trabalho estético com o vocábulo e com o universo infantil, Cecília Meireles consagra-se como uma escritora para adultos e, principalmente, para as crianças que tanto fizeram parte de sua vida, sendo sua obra reconhecida pela crítica literária e fazendo parte do cânone literário brasileiro / Abstract: Based on the trajectory of literature for children and its relation to pedagogy, this research intends to broach the Cecília Meireles' infantile poetry by this point of view, emphasizing the educational discourse in the works of a writer of children's poetry, such as Criança meu amor, A festa das Letras and Ou isto ou aquilo. It is intended to uncover the pedagogical discourse in these texts by showing the presence of model child, as an example for the reader, as well as in addressing issues that seem to emphasize knowledge to the child. This speech delivered in nursery rhymes depicts the poet as an educator and writer concerned with the child's universe and its peculiarities. These three Cecília Meireles's works present characteristics which link them to education, helping the teaching process. Furthermore, this research also address the aesthetic discourse of poems, its musicality, image and rhythm, by stressing the importance of poetic elements in the work of the writer. Because of her aesthetic work with words and the child's universe, Cecília Meireles is established as a writer for adults and, mainly, for children who took part of her life, being her work recognized by the literary criticism and as part of the Brazilian literary canons / Mestre

Bakgrund: Kommunikation med vårdare ger förutsättning för patienter att vara delaktig i vården. Det är av stor vikt att relationen mellan patienter och vårdare byggs på tillit för att patienters behov och önskemål uppfylls. När patienter inte får möjlighet till delaktighet, kan det leda till ett onödigt lidande. Syfte: Beskriva patienters upplevelser av delaktighet i vården.                                  Metod: Tolv artiklar har analyserats utifrån en systematisk litteraturstudie med beskrivande syntes. Resultat: När patienter var prioriterade av vårdare skapades en relation av förtroende. Lyhördhet är även en viktig egenskap, eftersom att patienter kan känna sig uppmärksammade i relationen med vårdarna. Med stöd av öppenhet och lyhördhet ökar förtroendet vilket medför till minskad oro för patienter. När vårdare skapar lämpliga miljöer för patienterna att vistas på medför det till att patienter känner motivation till delaktighet. Slutsats: Upplevelsen av delaktighet utgår utifrån patientperspektiv. Relationen till delaktighet byggs upp med stöd av förtroende och motivation från vårdare. Det är viktigt att vårdare är lyhörd vid varje vårdtillfälle för att patienters behov ska uppfyllas. Genom att vårdare uppmärksammar varje patients behov medför till ökad delaktighet. / Background: Having a communication with the caregiver gives the patient an option to participate. It is of importance that the relationship between the two is built on trust due to the needs and wishing of patients fulfils. Aim: The purpose of the thesis is to describe patient’s experiences of participation in care. Method: Twelve articles have been analysed in accordance with a systematic literature study by a descriptive synthesis. Result: A relationship built in confidence was created when the patients were prioritized by the caregivers. Another important attribute is being responsive, since the patients feels appreciated in relation with the caregivers. By being open and responsive the confidence increases which leads to a decrease in anxiety for the patients. When a suitable environment is created it entails that the patients feel the motivation for participation. Conclusion: The experience of participation is based on the patient's perspective. The relationship to participation is built on the basis of trust and motivation from the caregivers. It is important that the caregiver is responsive at every care opportunity to satisfy the needs.  The caregivers pay attention to each patient's needs leads to increased participation

M.A. (Applied Linguistics) / There is widespread concern regarding the second language communicative competence of first year university students. This inadequacy has necessitated the introduction of special language courses at various universities. After eleven years of second language study, and the attainment of good matric symbols, many students are still not able to converse adequately. Teachers using cramming methods, especially with regard to the prescribed books, are often blamed for this. In this study an attempt is made to demonstrate that the particular nature of literature makes it a valuable adjunct in the process of language acquisition. Through this medium students can gain insight into the cultural-set and world-view ·of those whose language he is studying - hence the requirements for both psycho- and socio-linguistic input are satisfied. Recent theories regarding language acquisition place particular emphasis on the role of the student in the learning process: Internal factors inclUding attitudinal and personality tendencies are particularly.relevant in this context. The most important external factor is the nature of the input itself for this to effect an optimal impact on the internal aspects of a student specific requirements must be met, the most important criteria being interest-value and comprehensibility. In order to determine whether standard nine and ten setbooks.

Sjuksköterskans ansvarsområde är stort och slutar inte då en patient avlider utan det inkluderar även omsorg om efterlevande. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att möta efterlevande vid dödsfall inom slutenvården. Den metod som använts för att nå syftet var kvalitativ innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats. Litteratursökningen genomfördes i två databaser samt kompletterades med manuell sökning. Avgränsningar som tidsbegränsning, språk och ålder gjordes och 14 artiklar, som höll tillräcklig kvalité, inkluderades i analysen. Analys resulterade i fyra kategorier; att bli känslomässigt påverkad, att arbetsmiljön påverkar, att vara oförberedd samt att vara professionell. Sjuksköterskor upplevde att bemöta efterlevande var en av de svåraste uppgifter de mötte i sin profession och olika åsikter om hur man är professionell i mötet framkom. Brist på tid och plats påverkade möjligheten till ett omsorgsfullt bemötande liksom känslan av att vara oförberedd och inte veta vad de skall göra. Slutsatsen var att det är viktigt att sjuksköterskan är påläst om vad som hänt med den avlidne och har tid avsatt för att kunna bemöta efterlevande. Det är även av vikt att närvara och delta i situationen för att kunna bygga upp sin erfarenhet och kunskap om att bemöta efterlevande. För att stärka sjuksköterskan i sin roll i mötet med efterlevande kan handledning och att samtala om det som händer vara bra hjälpmedel. Även att besitta kunskap om vilka reaktioner som kan uppstå vid dödsfall kan inge trygghet hos sjuksköterskan. Vidare forskning inom detta område är nödvändigt för att ytterligare belysa komplexiteten i denna situation och vilka behov som finns hos sjuksköterskorna, för att styrka och stödja dem på bästa sätt. / The nurse's area of ​​responsibility is large and does not end when a patient dies but it also includes care for survivors. The purpose of this literature study was to describe the nurses' experiences of meeting survivors in the event of death in the hospital. The method used to achieve the goal was qualitative content analysis with inductive approach. The literature search was conducted in two databases and was supplemented with manual search. Limitations like time limitation, language and age were made and 14 articles that held sufficient quality were included in the analysis. Analysis resulted in four categories; to be emotionally affected, to the working environment, to be unprepared and to be professional. Nurses experienced responding to survivors as one of the most difficult tasks they encountered in their profession and different opinions about how to be professional in the meeting. Lack of time and place influenced the opportunity for a careful response, as well as the feeling of being unprepared and not knowing what to do. The conclusion was that it is important that the nurse is informed of what has happened to the deceased and has time allocated to respond to survivors. It is also important to attend and participate in the situation in order to build up their experience and knowledge of responding to survivors. In order to strengthen the nurse in his role in the meeting with survivors, supervision and talking about what is happening may be helpful tools. Even having knowledge of the reactions that can occur in the event of death can provide safety in the nurse. Further research in this area is necessary to further highlight the complexity of this situation and the needs of nurses, in order to strengthen and support them in the best possible way.

Background: Cancer in the head and neck region is an unusual form of cancer. The treatment for this cancer can cause permanent damage to vital functions. Nurses' have expressed frustration about feeling insufficient to accommodate the patients' needs. Patients' with head and neck cancer are reported to have low quality of life. Aim Describe patients' experiences of undergoing treatment of cancer in the head and/or neck region. Method: A qualitative systematic literature review with descriptive approach of qualitative articles. Result: Undergoing treatment for cancer in the head and neck region created challenges for the patients'. Many patients' have had experienced that the time between the diagnose and treatment went fast. The treatment caused side effects that led to constraints in daily life and many created a new identity because they did not recognize themselves in the same way as before the diagnose. Patients became dependent to the medical care and made them omitted to others. They had to handle a new life situation, and to manage that, the patients created strategies. Conclusion: The treatment provided side effects that affected the everyday lives of the patients. The side effects impacted on patients both physically, psychologically, socially and existentially. More knowledge is needed in order to improve the health care for patients with head and neck cancer.

M.Ed. / The aim of the research is to establish whether literature can play a role in enlightening South African students to the cultural values and beliefs of the various racial and ethnic groups of South Africa. The long and short term influence of literature has to be established and evaluated. A report of the effectiveness of this endeavour could serve to provide opportunity for students to acquire knowledge of each other and to further share in meaningful . communication so that the alienation that has been created between them and the differences in their perceptions can be bridged. The impact of literature in reconciling students from the different race groups could furthermore be of interest to the school principal, the teachers and the students.

M.A. / Please refer to full text to view abstract

M.Ed. / The language policy of South Africa recognises 11 official languages, all of which have been given equal status, but many of these languages are hardly being promoted in schools and public life. It is clear that the status of Afrikaans, for one, is gradually dwindling. The reading of literature is an important factor in sustaining and promoting the vitality of a language. The aim of this study is to find out what the reading preference of Black adolescents in the rural area of Majemantsho in Mafikeng in the North West Province is. For this aim to be achieved, an interpretative design was applied and the qualitative data collection method used, which includes interviews. The major finding of this investigation is that these teenagers like to read literature, but with the proviso that the texts have to do with what is currently happening in their lives and can help them to solve their life problems. They also prefer to read about characters that are role models, for example, heroes, celebrities, public figures and characters of their own age group. The main implications of these findings are: There is a need for teenagers to be given a chance to choose literary texts. There is a need for some form of communication between the Department of Education, writers, publishers, educators, librarians, teenagers, and all other stakeholders involved in the choice of adolescent literary texts. Teachers of literature should also improve their methods of teaching literature. Afrikaans literature lessons like those in other languages should be kept stimulating and relevant to their target group

The reading of literature is rarely practiced in our high schools today yet many studies have shown that voracious, free, voluntary reading improves students' grammar, spelling, vocabulary, and composition. The demands of our present day economy require higher literacy rates of our citizens if businesses are to compete successfully in the international marketplace. However, the majority of high school students do not or cannot make time to read for pleasure. The purpose of this study is to ascertain if English 9 students and transitional English students would welcome a reading program as part of their course work. I selected School District # 43 (Coquitlam's) A Literature Based Individualized Reading Program because it has been used successfully in the district's elementary and middle schools and because it allows teacher-librarians to actively promote the reading of literature, beyond their more traditional role of book displays and booktalks. A questionnaire was administered by the teacher-librarian/researcher to three classes at the end of the six week program asking students to give their opinions on those aspects they liked and disliked about the program. Two teachers who also took part give their opinions as well. Major findings indicate that a reading program is acceptable to most students i f some alterations are made to the design of the unit. English 9 students educated in Canadian classrooms prefer more choice in reading materials and fewer written assignments that interfere with their readings. Entry level English as a Second Language, or transitional English students, need more support than our modified program gave them. The more advanced transitional English (TRAN) students handled the demands of the program quite well. A reading unit at the secondary level, then, must be simplified and tailored to the needs of specific groups before it is accepted by a majority of teachers and their students. / Education, Faculty of / Language and Literacy Education (LLED), Department of / Graduate

Bakgrund: Stroke är en av de största folksjukdomarna i Sverige och årligen drabbas cirka 30 000 personer av stroke. Sjukdomen är en livshotande händelse och kan medföra funktionsnedsättningar i olika grad som påverkar på personers liv. Det kan även påverka på de anhörigas liv som tar hand om sin familjemedlem som har insjuknat. Syfte: Att beskriva patienters upplevelser av att leva med funktionsnedsättningar det första året efter en stroke. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie av vårdvetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ansats enligt Evans beskrivande syntes. Resultat: Upplevelser som framkom i resultatet delades in i två teman: förlorad kontroll över kroppen och återfå kontroll över livet. Utifrån dessa teman framkom sex underteman: att bli instängd, att bli orkeslös, att leva med förlorad identitet, att leva med förändrad sinnesstämning, att anpassa sig till funktionsnedsättningar och att uppleva hopp. Slutsats: Att leva med funktionsnedsättningar efter en stroke påverkar på patienters kropp, själ och ande samt leder det till ett nytt och annorlunda liv. Sjuksköterskan bör uppmärksamma upplevelser som medförs av funktionsnedsättningar och anpassa vården efter detta. Att kunna lyssna, ge stöd och använda sin kunskap vid bemötande av patienter efter en stroke medför att kvalitén på omvårdnaden kan förbättras. / Background: Stroke is one of the most common widespread diseases in Sweden and approximately 30 000 people suffers each year. The disease is a life-threatening experience and can lead to disabilities and affect the patient’s lifestyle. It can also affect the lives of the relatives who take care of their family member who has been diagnosed with a stroke. Aim: To describe patient’s experiences of living with the disabilities the first year after a stroke. Method: A systematic literature study of nursing research articles with qualitative approach according to Evans descriptive synthesis. Results: Experiences, which were identified in the result, were divided into two themes: Lost control of the body and regain control of their life. Based on the themes six sub-themes appeared: To be trapped, to be decrepit, to live with lost identity, to live with altered mood, to adapt to the disabilities and to experience hope. Conclusion: Living with disabilities after a stroke affect a patient’s body, mind and spirit, and lead to a new and different life. Nurses should pay attention to victim’s experiences of the disabilities and adapt the nursing accordingly. Being able to listen, provide support and use their knowledge in the treatment of patients after a stroke can improve the quality of healthcare.