Cette thèse se donne pour tâche d’expliciter et de déployer, à partir de l’œuvre de Husserl, les diverses conceptions phénoménologiques directrices du mouvement de la chair. En un premier temps, nous cherchons à préciser le contexte d’origine du concept de « kinesthèse », élaboré une première fois à l’été 1907 dans le cadre des leçons de Husserl sur la chose et l’espace. En un deuxième temps, il nous apparaîtra nécessaire d’élargir la signification technique et restreinte que possède le se-mouvoir dans la phénoménologie statique de la perception, afin de prendre en compte le mouvement en tant qu’action pratique du sujet dans divers horizons du monde. L’étude de certains textes qui relèvent de la phénoménologie génétique semble alors permettre de parler d’une co-constitution pratique entre la mobilité de la chair et la choséité, et ainsi de considérer à neuf l’hypothèse d’une historicité de la chair. Dans un troisième et dernier temps, il s’agira d’opérer une radicalisation de la compréhension du mouvement de la chair, afin de la ressaisir comme « geste », c’est-à-dire non plus simplement comme officiant des projets intentionnels de l’ego, mais bien comme origine et support des structures cardinales du monde. La lecture croisée de divers textes tardifs de Husserl et de Heidegger nous permettra de dégager une compréhension ontologique, et non plus strictement sensualiste ou pratique, de la mobilité charnelle. Au travers de ces études, le mouvement se révèle originairement impliqué dans les divers niveaux de la constitution de la mondanéité, mais aussi constitué en retour. / This thesis sets itself the task of clarifying and deploying the various phenomenological conceptions of bodily movement within Husserl’s work. As a first step, we seek to shed light on the context which guided the formation of the concept of “kinesthesis” in the 1907 summer lectures on thing and space. As a second step, it will appear necessary to expand the narrow and technical meaning that this “moving-oneself” has in the static phenomenology of perception, in order to take into account the movement thought as a practical action throughout various horizons of the lifeworld. Some texts pertaining to Husserl’s genetic phenomenology seem to allow us to speak of a practical “co-constitution” between the mobility of the flesh and the handiness of the thing and, in doing so, to consider anew the hypothesis of a historicity of the flesh. As a third and final step, we will operate a radicalization of the understanding of bodily movement, in order to grasp it as a “gesture”, that is to say, not only as a mere implement of the intentional projects of the ego, but as the very origin and support of the cardinal structures of the world. The cross-reading of different later texts by Husserl and Heidegger seems to support the project of setting forth an ontological understanding of mobility that is no longer in any way sensualistic or pragmatic. Through these meanings, bodily movement reveals itself as being originally involved in the various constitutive levels of worldliness.

In the western world, Islam has been interpreted based on stereotypes of muslims. The stereotype image leads to the fact that many Muslims in Sweden today are forced to face Islamophobia and preconceptions about Islam's meaning. To enhance the image of Islam, lived religion as field of research is useful as it opens the opportunity to study people's lived experiences of religious traditions beyond religious institutions and doctrines. The field can show how religious traditions are expressed in people's everyday lives by lifting the voices of individuals which are not otherwise noted. Lived Islam is thus an area that highlights Muslims' living experiences of Islam in their daily lives. In this essay, lived Islam is studied as it may occur among individuals who define themselves as women and Muslims in Karlstad, Sweden. The aim is to enhance the image of Islam and raise female experiences of Islam. This will broaden the already existing research spectra that usually takes an androcentric perspective. The women's experiences are investigated through life stories interviews. Based on a material perspective on religion, the paper examines how Islam is manifested and expressed through material practices, objects, and different phenomena in the women’s everyday life. The result shows that Islam is described as a framework of how life is interpreted and expected to be lived. Islam is expressed in form of material practices like for example regular prayers, but also as an approach to the outside world. Lived Islam in Karlstad, as it can be expressed among individuals who define themselves as women and Muslims can be said to mean a perspective that encompasses all content in life. The Muslim women in the paper are positive about their life’s in Karlstad, but some elements can also complicate everyday life, such as meetings with preconceptions about Islam and the Muslim woman.

Cette étude a cherché à explorer les significations socio-culturelles de la mort provoquée par le VIH / SIDA parmi les Abagusii du Kenya. Façonnée par l’ontologie sociale constructiviste et l’approche épistémologique, l’étude a spécifiquement cerné les significations socio-culturelles de la mort causé par le VIH / SIDA, les expériences vécues de la mort du VIH / SIDA et comment ces expériences vécues influencent l’action préventive au niveau individuel et collectif au regard du VIH/SIDA. L'étude a utilisé des données recueillies à partir d'entretiens conversationnels approfondis et de l'observation participante de 50 personnes séropositives pour le VIH qui étaient sélectionnées à travers la méthode de saturation et sélectionnées par des techniques d'échantillonnage en boule de neige et d'analyse raisonnée. Des données supplémentaires ont également été obtenues à partir de neuf informateurs clés choisis à dessein en utilisant un guide d'entretiens .Les données provenant d'entretiens approfondis et d'entretiens avec des informateurs-clés ont été enregistrées sur bande, transcrites ad verbatim et analysées thématiquement. Les résultats de l'étude ont montré qu'au niveau individuel, mourir du VIH / SIDA était une perturbation biographique, forçant ainsi les personnes infectées par le VIH à subir une réorientation existentielle en faisant de nouveaux arrangements et des quêtes pour leur nouvelle vie afin d’acquérir une sorte d’appartenance culturelle, sociale et morale à leurs réseaux sociaux culturels. Au niveau communautaire, la mort par le VIH/sida a été érigée en «mauvaise mort» par rapport aux discours traditionnels et chrétiens sur les croyances religieuses régissant la vie, la mort et l’après la vie. En conséquence, une telle mort était perçue comme une menace pour l'identité et la solidarité sociale et collective, ainsi que pour la régénération de la communauté à travers la reproduction sociale. L'étude a également révélé que les actions sociales en faveur de la mort et du décès dues au VIH / SIDA ne reposaient pas sur des connaissances biomédicales, mais plutôt sur les relations sociales en particulier les relations de parenté comme défini collectivement dans les discours moraux et sociaux de la personnalité. En conclusion, l'étude soutient que les croyances culturelles et les valeurs régissant la vie et la mort devraient être prises en compte dans la prévention du risque de VIH / SIDA dans des contextes culturels particuliers. / This study sought to explore the socio-cultural meaning of death from HIV/AIDS among the Abagusii-Kenya. Shaped by the social constructivist ontology and interpretative epistemological approach, the study specifically investigated the socio-cultural meanings of death from HIV/AIDS, the lived experiences of dying from HIV/AIDS and how lived experiences of dying and death from HIV/AIDS influence HIV/AIDS preventive action at individual and community level. The study used data collected from in-depth conversational interviews and participant observation from 50 HIV seropositive people who were arrived at through saturation method and selected through snowball and purposive sampling techniques. Augmentative data was also obtained from purposively selected nine key informants using an interview guide. Data from in-depth conversational and key informant interviews were tape recorded, transcribed ad verbatim and thematically analyzed. Findings from the study showed that at individual level, dying from HIV/AIDS was constructed as a biographical disruption, thus forcing those infected with HIV to undergo existential reorientation by making new arrangements and quests for their new life as a way of achieving a sense of cultural, social and moral belonging to their cultural social networks. At community level, death from HIV/AIDS was constructed as “bad death” in relation to traditional and Christian religious belief discourses governing life, death and after life. As a consequence, such death was perceived as a threat to the corporate social identity and solidarity, and to the regeneration of the community through social reproduction. The study further found that social actions towards dying and death from HIV/AIDS was not based on biomedical knowledge alone but on social relationships especially kinship relations as collectively defined in moral and social discourses of personhood. In conclusion, the study argues that cultural beliefs and values governing life and death should be taken into account in dealing with HIV/AIDS risk prevention in particular cultural contexts.

This research discusses the tensions and relations between the typifications of soccer players, built by the special series with the Brazilian national team players on Jornal Nacional, and the elements present in the lived culture, from the political, economic and social context. The concept of lived culture will be based on the concept of practical consciousness developed by Williams (1979), that relates to what is actually being experienced, or the social experiences being defined and actively experienced by subjects in a given context. The aim of this study is to analyze the typifications built by the special series, in contrast with the elements of the lived culture. As specific objectives, this research aims: to study the typifications of soccer players in the sports television journalism; understand the relations between soccer and the political and economic developments of Brazil; check reinforced and silenced themes in the representations of sports television journalism and map the elements of the lived culture, from the political, economic and social context, present during the display of the special series on the TV news. For this, by drawing up a proposal for cultural-media analysis of the sports television journalism, from the perspective of the Cultural Studies, we developed an own diagram to observe our object through dynamic and interdependent spheres: the economy, the politics, the society and the sports television journalism, all inserted in the social environment as material practices. To map the typifications built in Maxwell's, Victor‟s and Daniel Alves‟ life stories in the series, we use the methodology of textual analysis (CASETTI; CHIO, 1999), from the use of the categories of a) subjects and interactions and b) history. Through the analysis, we came to three typifications of the soccer players represented in the series: the poor type, characterized as hegemonic and representative of most of these athletes, which is highlighted in the series; the graduated type, represented in the series only by the case of the player Victor, for whom is made a concession in the series, and finally, the rich type, represented by the single example of the player Maxwell in the series, which is represented by an attenuated form. The graduated and the rich types, since they are rare cases in the sport, are regarded as counter-hegemonic representations because they challenge the narrative pattern of such life stories. In seeking to highlight the role of the soccer players, placing them as main characters, the TV channel and the TV news comply only with a marketing task, trying to gain audience and generate identification through an illusory and homogeneous representation. On the other hand, this false role covers many problematic situations, conveying the idea that the soccer players are valued and represented in the series, without taking into account the diversity and the plurality of their life stories. Thus, the series does not put at issue new representations that could lead to different identity constructions of the soccer player in Brazil. / A presente pesquisa problematiza as tensões e relações entre as tipificações dos jogadores de futebol, construídas pela série especial com os jogadores da Seleção no Jornal Nacional, e os elementos presentes na cultura vivida, a partir do contexto político, econômico e social. O conceito de cultura vivida terá como base o conceito de consciência prática desenvolvido por Williams (1979), que se relaciona com aquilo que está sendo realmente vivido, ou seja, as experiências sociais que estão sendo definidas e sentidas ativamente pelos sujeitos em determinado contexto. O objetivo principal deste estudo é analisar as tipificações construídas pela série especial, em contraposição com os elementos da cultura vivida. Como objetivos específicos, esta pesquisa busca: estudar as tipificações de jogadores de futebol no telejornalismo esportivo; compreender as relações do futebol com os desdobramentos político-econômicos do Brasil; verificar os temas reforçados e silenciados nas representações do telejornalismo esportivo e mapear os elementos da cultura vivida, a partir do contexto político, econômico e social, presentes durante a exibição da série especial no Jornal Nacional. Para isso, através da elaboração de uma proposta de análise cultural-midiática do telejornalismo esportivo, com base na perspectiva dos Estudos Culturais, desenvolvemos um diagrama próprio para observar nosso objeto através de esferas dinâmicas e interdependentes: a economia, a política, a sociedade e o telejornalismo esportivo, todas inseridas no meio social enquanto práticas materiais. Para mapear as tipificações construídas nas histórias de vida de Maxwell, Victor e Daniel Alves na série, utilizamos a metodologia de análise textual (CASETTI; CHIO, 1999), a partir da utilização das categorias de a) sujeitos e interações e de b) história. Através da análise, chegamos a três tipificações de jogadores representadas na série: o tipo pobre, caracterizado como hegemônico e representativo da maioria desses atletas, o qual é destacado na série; o tipo graduado, representado na série unicamente pelo caso do jogador Victor, ao qual é feita uma concessão na série, e, por fim, o tipo rico, representado pelo exemplo único do jogador Maxwell na série, o qual é representado de forma atenuada. Os tipos graduado e rico, por se tratarem de casos raros no esporte, são tidos como representações contra-hegemônicas por desafiarem o padrão narrativo de tais histórias. Ao buscar evidenciar o protagonismo dos jogadores de futebol, colocando-os como personagens principais da série, a emissora e o telejornal cumprem apenas com uma tarefa mercadológica, na tentativa de ganhar audiência e gerar identificação através de uma representação ilusória e homogênea. Por outro lado, esse falso protagonismo encobre inúmeras situações problemáticas, transmitindo a ideia de que se valoriza e representa todos os jogadores de futebol, sem levar em conta a diversidade e a pluralidade de suas histórias de vida. Assim, a série não coloca em discussão novas representações, que poderiam levar a construções diferentes sobre a identidade do jogador de futebol no Brasil.

Magister Artium - MA / Adolescent substance abuse is a widely researched area both internationally and nationally. It has been known to affect many problems which are prevalent in most low socioeconomic communities such as crime, school truancy and family fragmentation. It is of particular concern in low socioeconomic communities within the Cape Flats District which continues to be plagued with social ills such as gangsterism, adolescent criminal behaviour, and high rates of school dropout. The problem of adolescent substance abuse cannot be explored in isolation, but rather, in conjunction with all other spheres which it affects such as family relationships, dynamics and functioning. Parents fulfil an important role in managing their adolescent's addiction problem. These parents often feel helpless, hopeless, guilty, and angry, and are inclined to blame themselves for their child's delinquent behaviour. In some cases spouses blame one another for their being too permissive or too stern. However, there is a dearth in research of parents' lived experiences and the ways in which they attribute meaning to their situations. The aim of this study was to explore parents' lived experiences of their adolescent's substance abuse. More specifically the study explored parents' perceptions of the ways in which one family member's substance abuse affects the dynamics and the functioning of the family. At a theoretical level, this study aligned with Bowen's Family Systems theory, as it allowed the researcher to explore the ways in which family roles, dynamics and functioning are affected by a relative's substance addiction. The current study was conducted within the qualitative methodological framework, as the aim was to gain an in-depth understanding of parent's lived experiences of managing their adolescent's substance abuse. Furthermore, this study was positioned within the phenomenological epistemological framework as it aligns well with the aims of this study, which is to acquire an understanding of parents' lived experiences of their adolescent's substance abuse.

This research study explored the effects of a public servants‟ strike on psychiatric patients. This is achieved through investigating the subjective lived experiences of events prior to, during and ensuing a public servants' strike. In addition, strike action within the health care sector as a worldwide phenomenon is discussed. This provides a conceptual understanding of strike action within the health care sector, as well as critical issues raised around the use of strikes as a medium of communication. During the public servants' strike of August 2010, 446 patients were discharged from a specialized psychiatric facility in the greater Gauteng region. The sample for this research was taken from this population and comprises of three (n=3) psychiatric patients, two Afrikaans speaking males and one Sotho speaking male. At the time of the interview, all three participants had been hospitalized and received further psychiatric treatment. The researcher made use of Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) as the method to gather and interpret the raw data. The data is discussed within three subordinate themes, namely the subjective experiences prior to, during and ensuing the strike. In addition global themes throughout the patient‟s subjective lived experiences are discussed without sequential significance. The results from this study support current literature that strikes have a direct impact on the treatment of psychiatric patients. In addition the subjective accounts of the patients did not indicate any significant deterioration in functioning during the strike. However in subsequent months following their discharge, all of the participants experienced some form of conflict which contributed to their rehospitalisation. Copyright / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / Psychology / unrestricted

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) är den mest förekommande beteendestörningen hos barn. Forskning visar att minst 5% av barn och ungdomar är drabbade världen över, men det finns troligtvis ett stort mörkertal hos såväl vuxna som barn. ADHD har blivit ifrågasatt för sin autenticitet och har varit föremål för diskussion de senaste årtiondena. De drabbade möts ofta av förutfattade meningar vilket skapar stigmatisering. Denna litteraturstudies syfte var att belysa individers egna upplevelser av att leva med ADHD. Resultatet visade att individer upplevde ett utanförskap i samhället oavsett ålder, genus och ursprung. Upplevelserna behandlade känslor av att vara i otakt med sin omgivning, att inte passa in i samhällets normer samt att bli stämplad som stökig och lat. Även upplevelser av att vara speciell med unika gåvor framkom i resultatet. Slutsatsen är att individer med ADHD lever i en verklighet med en alldeles särskild livsvärld. Att vilja förstå och kunna sätta sig in i denna livsvärld är av betydelse för alla i den drabbades närhet. Då vården i framtiden kommer att möta fler patienter med ADHD behövs mer kunskap inom området för att kunna främja hälsa hos dessa individer. / Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common behavioral disorder among children. Research has proved that at least 5% of children and adolescents are affected in a worldwide perspective. A large number of people are probably unrecorded with the diagnosis. The authenticity of ADHD as a real diagnosis has been questioned during the last decades, and ADHD and its symptoms is still a matter for discussions. People living with ADHD are facing preconceptions which can cause stigmatization. The purpose of this literature study was to illustrate lived experiences of ADHD. The result of the study showed feelings of alienation in the community regardless of age, gender and origin. Their experiences were about feelings of being out of time with their surroundings, to not fit in the norms of society as well as being labelled as disorderly and lazy. Despite this, feelings of being special and gifted were also reported. The conclusion is that people living with ADHD holds a unique lifeworld, which is important to understand. The future holds a surge in demand for caring of patients with ADHD. To support health and wellbeing this require more knowledge within the area of behavioral impairments.

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SJUKSKÖTERSKORS UPPLEVELSER OCH ERFARENHETER AV BRYTPUNKTSSAMTAL MED PATIENT I LIVETS SLUTSKEDELITTERATURSTUDIEHolgersson M, Johannesson J. Sjuksköterskors upplevelser och erfarenheter av brytpunktssamtal med patient i livets slutskede. Examensarbete i omvårdnad 15 högskolepoäng. Malmö Universitet: Fakulteten för Hälsa och samhälle, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2020.Vid ett brytpunktssamtal har sjuksköterskorna en framträdande och viktig roll. Då patienten är i livets slutskede och vården går från botande till lindrande är det viktigt att det sker i rätt tid och på rätt sätt. Sjuksköterskors medverkan vid brytpunktssamtalet ska medföra en trygghet för patient och anhörig och genom sin kännedom om patienten kan sjuksköterskorna bidra till en bättre omvårdnad vid livets slut. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka sjuksköterskors upplevelser och erfarenheter runt brytpunktssamtal med patienter i livets slutskede. Metod: En litteraturstudie utfördes där tio artiklar med kvalitativ design som svarade upp mot syftet valdes ut. En innehållsanalys genomfördes där artiklarna granskades och syntetiserades ner till ett resultat. Resultat: Resultatet mynnade ut i fyra huvudteman: Kommunikation inom teamet och med patient och anhörig. Interaktionen i teamet och med patient och anhörig. Relationer och upplevelser i mötet med patient och anhörig och slutligen sjuksköterskors upplevelser och känslor i sitt arbete med patienten före, under och efter brytpunktssamtal. Sjuksköterskorna i studien efterlyste mer utbildning i att hantera sin roll vid brytpunktsamtal. Sjuksköterskorna har ofta vårdat patienten under en längre tid och har skapat en relation och lärt sig vad som är viktigt för just den patienten vilket är en stor tillgång under brytpunksamtalet för att tillgodose patientens önskemål och skapa förutsättningar för god omvårdnad. Konklusion: Kommunikation i teamet och förberedelser är viktigt i arbetet runt patient och anhörig vid brytpunktssamtal. Sjuksköterskorna behöver utbildning och erfarenhet av brytpunktssamtal för att känna sig trygg i sin roll för att utgöra ett bra och tydligt stöd för patient och anhörig i brytpunktssamtal. Nyckelord: Brytpunktssamtal, erfarenheter, palliativ vård, sjuksköterskor, upplevelser. / NURSÉS EXPERIENCES IN BREAKING BAD NEWS DIALOGUES WITH PATIENTS IN THE END OF LIFEA LITERATURE REVIEWHolgersson M, Johannesson J. Nursés experiences in breaking bad news dialogues with patients in the end of life. Degree Project in nursing 15 credit points, Malmö University: Faculty of Health and Society, Department of Care Science, 2020.The nurses has a prominent and important role in breaking bad news dialogues. As the patient is in the final stage of life and the care goes from curative to palliative, it is important that this is done at the right time and in the right way. The nurse´s participation in breaking bad news dialogues should bring a feeling of safety for both the patient and relatives and through the knowledge of the patient the nurses can contribute to a better care in the final stages of life. Purpose: The purpose with the study was to analyze nurses experience and knowledge about breaking bad news dialogues with patients in the final stages of life. Method: A literature study was conducted where ten articles of qualitative design that responded to the purpose were selected. A content analysis was done where the articles were reviewed and synthesized down to a result. Result: The outcome resulted in four main themes. Communication within the team and with patient and relatives. The interaction in the team and with the patient and relatives. Relationships and experiences in the meeting with patient and relative and finally the nurse´s experiences and emotions in their work with the patient before, under and after breaking the bad news. The nurse has often cared for the patient during a longer period of time and has created a relationship and learned what is important for that particular patient which is a huge asset during the breakpoint dialogue to meet the patient´s wishes and create conditions for good nursing. Conclusion: Communication in the team and preparation are important in the work regarding patient and relatives in breaking bad news dialogues. The nurse need education and experience in breaking bad news dialogues to feel safe in her role to be a good and distinct support for patient and relative in breaking bad news dialogues. Keyword: Breaking bad news, life experiences, lived experiences, nurses, palliative care.

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