As more students interact with online learning platforms and eTextbooks, they generate massive amounts of data. For example, the OpenDSA eTextbook system collects clickstream data as users interact with prose, visualizations, and interactive auto-graded exercises. Ideally, instructors and system developers can harness this information to create better instructional experiences. But in its raw event-level form, it is difficult for developers or instructors to understand student behaviors, or to make testable hypotheses about relationships between behavior and performance. In this study, we describe our efforts to break raw event-level data first into sessions (a continuous series of work by a student) and then to meaningfully abstract the events into higher-level descriptions of that session. The goal of this abstraction is to help instructors and researchers gain insights into the students' learning behaviors. For example, we can distinguish when students read material and then attempt the associated exercise, versus going straight to the exercise and then hunting for the answers in the associated material. We first bundle events into related activities, such as the events associated with stepping through a given visualization, or with working a given exercise. Each such group of events defines a state. A state is a basic unit that characterizes the interaction log data, and there are multiple state types including reading prose, interacting with visual contents, and solving exercises. We harnessed the abstracted data to analyze studying behavior and compared it with course performance based on GPA. We analyzed data from the Fall 2020 and Spring 2021 sections of a senior-level Formal Languages course, and also from the Fall 2020 and Spring 2021 sections of a data structures course. / Master of Science / OpenDSA is an online learning platform used in multiple academic institutions including Virginia Tech's Computer Science courses. They use OpenDSA as the main instructional method and students in these courses generate massive amounts of clickstream data while interacting with the OpenDSA content. The system collects various events logs such as when students opened/closed a certain page, how long they stayed on the page, and how many times they clicked an interface element for visualizations and exercises. However, in its raw event-level form, it is difficult for instructors or developers to understand student behaviors, or to make testable hypotheses about relationships between behavior and performance. We describe our efforts to break raw event-level clickstreams into a session (continuous series of work by a student) and then to abstract the events into meaningful higher-level descriptions of students' behavior. We grouped raw events into related activities, such as the events associated with stepping through a given visualization, or working with a given exercise. We defined such a group of activities as a state, which is a basic unit that can characterize the interaction log data such as reading, slideshows, and exercises state. We harnessed the abstracted data to analyze students' studying behavior and compared it with their course performance based on their GPA. We analyzed data from two offerings of two CS courses at Virginia Tech to gain insights into students' learning behaviors.

In order for a piezoelectric transducer to be used as a sensor and actuator simultaneously, a direct charge due to the applied voltage must be removed from the total response in order to allow observation of the mechanical response alone. Earlier researchers proposed electronic compensators to remove this term by creating a reference signal which destructively interferes with the direct piezoelectric charge output, leaving only the charge related to the mechanical response signal. This research presents alternative analog LMS adaptive filtering methods which accomplish the same result. The main advantage of the proposed analog compensation scheme is its ability to more closely match the order of the adaptive filter to the assumed dynamics of the piezostructure using an adaptive first-order high-pass filter. Theoretical and experimental results are provided along with a discussion of the difficulties encountered in trying to achieve perfect compensation of the feedthrough capacitive charge on a piezoelectric wafer. / Master of Science

Technical development creates new opportunities for technical solutions, but also places higher demands on both users and people who develop it. In addition, trends and organizational changes in the workplace constantly place new demands on employees. Consequently, competence development is a key for companies that want to be at the forefront of technical development. This is sometimes arranged in the form of blended learning which refers to a blending of traditional face-to-face instruction and remote online teaching. The latter - online teaching - has become an increasingly popular and important method for competence development and is not seldom provided via a certain type of digital platform called learning management system (LMS). Consulting companies strive to offer customers smart solutions and competent consultants. While there are many stakeholders, managers, in particular, at consulting companies play a key role in meeting these aspirations. Therefore, this study focuses on three parameters of competence development among managers at consulting firms: what competencies are needed, wanted or expected from managers? what are the attitudes and expectations from managers on a digital platform for learning? and how can a LMS benefit managers’ competence development? To answer these questions, a literature review was performed in order to map features of LMS and create an understanding of workplace learning. Then, data was collected through the combination of semi-structured interviews and a collaborative creation of concept maps with seven managers from two departments of the Swedish engineering consulting company Etteplan. Subsequently, a thematic analysis of the collected data was performed, where interesting features of the data were coded. These codes were then arranged into 13 unique themes which represented common expressions and ideas. The themes were then grouped into categories: needs and wishes, expectations on and from Etteplan and learning opportunities and obstacles. Finally, each theme was clarified with definitions and exemplifying quotes from the interviews. The results show 13 concepts that managers want, need or are expected to develop, but also opportunities and obstacles related to competence development. Furthermore, most interviewed managers hold positive attitudes towards a digital platform for learning. Then, ten characteristics of how an LMS could benefit managers’ competence development are presented. Lastly, a discussion of functional design requirements on LMS systems from a literature review was provided to give a useful interpretation of the results. / Teknisk utveckling skapar nya möjligheter för tekniska lösningar, men ställer också högre krav på både användare och de människor som utvecklar den. Dessutom ställer trender och organisatoriska förändringar på arbetsplatser ständigt nya krav på medarbetare. Därför är kompetensutveckling en nyckel för företag som vill ligga i framkant av teknisk utveckling. Detta arrangeras ibland i form av blandat lärande vilket avser en blandning av traditionell klassrumsundervisning och distansundervisning online. Den senare delen– onlineundervisning – har blivit en alltmer populär och viktig metod för kompetensutveckling som inte sällan tillhandahålls via en viss typ av digitalplattform som kallas learning management system (LMS). Konsultföretag strävar efter att erbjuda kunder smarta lösningar och kompetenta konsulter. Även om det finns många inblandade aktörer spelar chefer på konsultföretag en nyckelroll för att uppfylla dessa ambitioner. Därför fokuserar denna studie på tre parametrar av kompetensutveckling bland chefer på konsultföretag: vilka kompetenser behövs, önskas eller förväntas av chefer? vilka attityder och förväntningar har chefer gemtemot en digital plattform för lärande? och hur kan ett LMS gynna chefers kompetensutveckling? För att besvara dessa frågor genomfördes en litteraturöversikt i syfte att kartlägga fördelar med LMS-system och skaffa en förståelse för lärandemiljöer på arbetsplatser. Sedan samlades dataunderlag in genom en kombination av semistrukturerade intervjuer och ett gemensamt skapande av koneceptkartor med sju chefer från två avdelningar på det svenska ingenjörskonsultföretaget Etteplan. Därefter genomfördes en tematisk analys av den insamlade datan, där intressanta drag av datan kodades. Dessa koder arrangerades sedan i 13 unika teman som representerade gemensamma tankar och idéer. Temana grupperades sedan i kategorier: behov och önskemål, förväntningar på och från Etteplan samt lärandemöjligheter och hinder. Slutligen förtydligades temana med definitioner och exemplifierande citat från intervjuerna. Resultaten visar på 13 områden som chefer vill, behöver eller förväntas utveckla, men även möjligheter och hinder kopplade till kompetensutveckling. Vidare visas att de flesta intervjuade cheferna hyser positiva attityder till en digital plattform för lärande. Därefter presenteras tio karakteristikor för hur ett LMS skulle kunna gynna chefers kompetensutveckling. För att slutligen ge en användbar tolkning av resultaten diskuterades funktionella designkrav på LMS-system från en literaturöversikt av publicerad forskning på området.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:26:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 monica.pdf: 3913704 bytes, checksum: 391eb8287c6e4e8d928a93819e3828ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-25 / This work proposes the implementation of dedicated hardware architecture for the Least Mean Square (LMS) adaptive filtering algorithm by using Hybrid encoding, whose main goal is to cancel the interferences in the signal of interest. In the used scheme, from a 60Hz reference signal, the algorithm is able to estimate the superior harmonics, using after these results for the cancelling of interferences related to the signal of interest. One of the techniques that is widely used for the switching activity reduction uses signal encoding. In this work, the proposed adaptive filtering architecture uses the Hybrid encoding in its data buses, whose main idea is to split the operands in group of m-bits, encode each group using the Gray code (that potentially enables reduction of the switching activity into each group) and propagate the carry between the groups as in the Binary encoding. We developed new Hybrid multipliers for signed multiplication, which uses radix-2m encoding. The multipliers are applied to the adaptive filtering architecture. We have implemented 18, 23 and 36 bit-width radix-4 Hybrid array multipliers, as well as a particular case for the radix-8 (m=3) operation. The main results showed that the Hybrid multipliers are more efficient than the Binary ones, by presenting less power consumption in some cases. Moreover, the implemented adaptive filtering architectures were validated and compared in both Binary and Hybrid encoding. The efficiency of the implemented filters for the cancelling of interferences was proved by using both encoding scheme. By the presented results, we conclude that it could be practicable to implement an adaptive filtering architecture operating on Hybrid encoding / Este trabalho tem como proposta a implementação de uma arquitetura de hardware dedicada para o algoritmo LMS (Least Mean Square) de filtragem adaptativa, para o cancelamento de interferências em codificação Híbrida. No esquema utilizado, a partir de um sinal de referência de 60Hz, o algoritmo estima as harmônicas superiores, utilizando esses resultados para o cancelamento da interferência associada ao sinal de interesse. Um dos métodos para a redução da atividade de chaveamento em barramentos de dados que tem sido amplamente utilizado é a codificação de dados. Neste trabalho, a arquitetura de filtragem adaptativa proposta utiliza em seus barramentos de dados a codificação Híbrida, cuja idéia é dividir os operandos em grupos de m bits, codificar cada grupo utilizando o código Gray (que habilita reduções na atividade de chaveamento dentro de cada grupo) e utilizar o comportamento do código Binário para propagar o carry entre os grupos. Dessa forma, são desenvolvidas arquiteturas otimizadas de circuitos multiplicadores array base 2m na codificação Híbrida para a aplicação na arquitetura dedicada de filtro adaptativo. São implementados circuitos multiplicadores array de 18, 23 e 36 bits na codificação Híbrida na base 4 (m=2), bem como um caso particular para a base 8 (m=3). Essas arquiteturas são implementadas em linguagem de descrição de hardware. Os principais resultados mostraram que os multiplicadores Híbridos apresentaram, em alguns casos, menor consumo de potência em relação aos multiplicadores binários. Além disso, foi possível validar e comparar as arquiteturas de filtro adaptativo nas codificações Binária e Híbrida, onde se pôde verificar a eficiência dos filtros para o cancelamento de interferências em ambas as codificações, mostrando-se possível a implementação de um filtro adaptativo em codificação Híbrida

Många lärosäten använder idag fler än en lärplattform, ibland inom en och samma institution, program eller kurs. Uppsatsens syfte var därför att ta fram riktlinjer för vad som bör beaktas vid val av lärplattform för att fylla organisationens behov och passa dess förutsättningar. Undersökningen genomfördes med en kvalitativ datainsamlingsmetod där vi genom intervjuer med fem lärare vid Linnéuniversitetet samlade in deras krav. Resultatet blev en checklista som listar lärarnas krav och genom att kritiskt granskat litteratur kan vi rekommendera organisationer vad de bör överväga inför implementationen av en lärplattform. / Today, many institutions use more than one learning management system, sometimes within the same department, education program or course. The purpose of the essay was therefore to create guidelines for what should be considered when selecting a learning management system to meet the organizations needs and best suit their circumstances. The survey was conducted by a qualitative data collection method in which we collected the requirements of five teachers at Linnaeus University through interviews. The result was a checklist that lists teachers’ demands. By critical reviews of the literature we can recommend to organizations what they should consider before implementation of a learning management system.

Cette thèse modélise l’activité d’apprentissage dans les plateformes LMS (Learning Management System) en vue d’optimiser l’efficacité des utilisateurs. Ce projet est né d’une préoccupation pratique, à savoir comment faciliter l’utilisation des plateformes LMS chez les enseignants et apprenants des pays en voie de développement qui font face à la fracture numérique et éducative. Cette recherche aborde le problème de l’adaptabilité des LMS et suppose deux niveaux de modélisation : l’outil d’apprentissage et le contexte d’utilisation projeté. Pour traiter cette question d’adaptabilité, nous procédons par une double approche : l’analyse fonctionnelle des outils LMS et la réingénierie des interfaces utilisateurs. La première consiste à définir une approche d’analyse de l’activité d’enseignement-apprentissage dans les plateformes LMS. Ceci passe par une modélisation des situations courantes d’apprentissage et un croisement avec les fonctionnalités offertes dans les solutions LMS existantes. Ce travail préliminaire a permis de construire et proposer un modèle d’analyse utilisationnelle des plateformes que nous désignons méthode OCAPI fondé sur cinq catégories fonctionnelles : Organiser-Collaborer-Accompagner-Produire-Informer. La seconde approche s’inspire de la recherche fondamentale menée en amont et propose une réingénierie adaptative des LMS basée sur le contexte d’utilisation. Il s’agit d’un configurateur automatique embarqué qui adapte l’environnement de travail pour chaque usage et usager. Le prototype est articulé dans l’intention manifeste d’assurer une prise en main rapide des novices et se veut le moins contraignant possible du point de vue technologique. / The present research aims to model learning processes on Learning ManagementSystems (LMS) in a bid to maximize users’ efficiency. We came about this idea whilethinking over the possible ways of facilitating the use of LMS for teachers and learnersin countries affected by the digital divide. Drawing from that, the following question hasbeen stated: in a given learning context, how can we insert a Learning ManagementSystem that provides users with both easy handling and optimal using conditions? Thisissue raises the problem of LMS adaptability and suggests two levels of modeling: thelearning tool on one hand and the planned context of use on the other. To address thisissue of adaptability, we adopt a two-pronged approach including the functionalanalysis of LMS tools and the reengineering of user interfaces. The first step is todevelop an approach for the analysis of teaching and learning processes on LMS. Thisentails modeling common learning situations and cross-checking them with thefeatures available in LMS solutions. This preliminary work enabled to build a formalismfor LMS analysis which is referred to as the OCGPI approach (Organize-Collaborate-Guide-Produce-Inform). The second step proposes an adaptive reengineering of LMSbased on the context of use. This is namely an embedded configurator which adaptsthe working environment according to each use and each user. This tool aims at givingbeginners the possibility of acquainting themselves quickly with the virtual platform.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T14:52:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Deusdete Brito.PDF: 646824 bytes, checksum: 52d3dc54a7bd1d78f16e7b240f977ce8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-10-11 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / In this work we consider the calculation of the heart instantaneous frequency from the estimate of the weights, gotten through LMS algorithm, (Least Mean Squares) when functioning as spectrum analyzer. It is known that the electrocardiogram (ECG) is a signal that is characterized for a repetitive regularity, which can be called quasi-periodicity. We explore this characteristic to extract the instantaneous frequency of the referred signal. For this, we use the LMS as a spectral analyzer. We use as reference inputs pairs of sines and cosines, inside the frequency band where if it finds the frequency of the desired signal, namely, the heart frequency. The algorithm estimates the frequency desired in real time, with the signal acquired through a data acquisition interface Intel 80C31. The results obtained show that the algorithm can be recommended for this purpose, as besides being easily implemented and generating small computational load it estimates the heart instantaneous frequency with a relative mean error of 0.025 which represent a difference of 18.89% between the two methods. / Neste trabalho propomos o cálculo da frequência instantânea cardíaca a partir da estimativa do espectrograma dos pesos sinápticos, obtidos através do algoritmo LMS, (Least Mean Square) quando funcionando como analisador de espectro. Sabe-se que o eletrocardiograma (ECG) é um sinal que se caracteriza por uma regularidade repetitiva, que se pode chamar quasiperiodicidade. Exploramos aqui essa característica para extrair a frequência instantânea do referido sinal. Para isso, utilizamos o LMS como analisador de espectro. Utilizamos como entradas de referència pares de senos e cossenos, dentro da faixa de frequência em que se encontra a frequência do sinal desejado, no caso, a frequência cardíaca. O algoritmo estima a frequência desejada em tempo real, com obtenção do sinal através de uma interface de aquisição de dados Intel 80C31. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o algoritmo pode ser recomendado pra esta finalidade, pois além de ser facilmente implementável e por gerar pequena carga computacional ele estimou a frequência instantânea cardíaca com um erro relativo médio de 0.025 que representa uma diferença de 18.89% entre os dois métodos.

Cloud computings framväxt har möjliggjort tillhandhållande av datorresurser online och erbjuder två väsentliga egenskaper, dels upplevda oändliga resurser och dels betalning per resursförbrukning. Lärplattformar används idag i stor utsträckning av de svenska universiteten och högskolorna som studieverktyg. Detta medför bättre möjligheter för distanskurser och e-inlärning. Att kombinera cloud computing med en lärplattform är idag möjligt och bör därför ge skolorna fördelar. Om lärplattformen driftas som molntjänst av extern leverantör bör också kraven se annorlunda ut. Syftet med uppsatsen är att utreda om det finns några incitament för att hyra en lärplattform som molntjänst och även att utreda om kraven ser annorlunda ut på en hyrd molntjänst. En fallstudie genomfördes på Uppsala universitet och Högskolan Dalarna, detta för att jämföra en lärplattform installerad på egen server med en lärplattform som hyrd molntjänst. Resultatet av studien bevisar att det finns fördelar med att hyra en lärplattform som molntjänst. Vad gäller kraven är det inte mycket som skiljer, ett viktigt krav när driften ligger hos en leverantör är att det finns en bra dialog och att organisationen litar på leverantören. / The growth of cloud computing has enabled the provision of computer resources online and offers two essential characteristics, illusion of infinite supply and pay-per-use. Learning management systems are currently used extensively by the Swedish universities as learning tools. This brings better opportunities for distance courses and e-learning. To combine cloud computing with a learning management system is now possible and should therefore give the schools benefits. If the Learning management system is hosted as a cloud service by an external provider, so should the requirements be different. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether there are any incentives for rent a learning management system as a cloud service and also investigate if the requirements are different in a rented cloud service. A case study was conducted at Uppsala University and Dalarnas University, in order to compare a learning management system installed on their own server with a learning management system rented as a cloud service.  The result of the study proves that there are advantages to rent a learning management system as a cloud services. In terms to the requirements, there are no great differences. An important requirement when the learning management system is hosted by a supplier is that there is a good dialogue and that the organization relies on the supplier.

Diese Arbeit stellt einen Prozess vor, der das Ziel hat, automatisch Kursmaterialen aus Wissen zu generieren und zu einem Kurs zusammenzusetzen. Dazu werden vier Phasen durchlaufen. Im ersten Prozess wird das Wissen gesammelt und strukturiert. Das gewünschte Material für einen Kurs wird in der zweiten Phase aus dem vorhanden Wissen generiert und in der dritten Phase zu einem Kurs zusammengesetzt. Die letzte Phase kann über die Zeit neuen Wissen erlangen und die Kursmaterialien aktualisieren. Dieser Prozess wird als Model-Driven Teaching (kurz MDTea) eingeführt. Bisher ist dieser Begriff nicht definiert wurden. Diese Arbeit erklärt die einzelnen Phasen von MDTea, zeigt verwandte Arbeiten zu dem Thema 'Generirung von Kursmaterialen/Kursen' und zeigt einen ersten Prototypen, welcher die zweite und dritte Phasen teilweise als 'Proof of concept' umsetzt.:1. Einleitung 1.1. Motivation 1.2. Forschungsfragen 2. Grundlagen 2.1. E-Learning und Lernplattformen 2.2. Model-Driven Development 2.3. Wissensgenerierung 3. Model-Driven Teaching 3.1. Architektur 3.2. Definierte Begriffe 3.3. Aggregation 3.3.1. Benötigte Materialien 3.3.2. Ablauf 3.3.3. Erzeugte Materialien 3.4. Generation 3.4.1. Benötigte Materialien 3.4.2. Ablauf 3.4.3. Materialgruppen 3.4.4. Erzeugte Materialien 3.5. Finalization 3.5.1. Benötigte Materialien 3.5.2. Ablauf 3.5.3. Erzeugte Materialien 3.6. Synchronization 3.6.1. Benötigte Materialien 3.6.2. Ablauf 3.6.3. Erzeugte Materialien 4. Verwandte Arbeiten 4.1. Phasen von MDTea 4.1.1. Arbeiten zu Aggregation 4.1.2. Arbeiten zur Generation 4.1.3. Arbeiten zur Finalization 4.1.4. Arbeiten zur Synchronization 4.2. Art der Umsetzung 4.2.1. Modell-getrieben 4.2.2. Modell-basiert 4.2.3. Anderer Ansatz 4.3. Weitere Konzepte aus der Literatur 4.4. Zusammenfassung 5. Design 5.1. Wissensmodell 5.1.1. Struktur 5.1.2. Elemente und Relationen 5.1.3. Quellen 5.2. Der Kursplan 5.2.1. Allgemeine Struktur 5.2.2. Metadaten 5.2.3. Inhalt 5.2.4. Struktur 5.3. Generator 5.4. Vorlagen 5.5. Synchronisationsinformationen 6. Implementierung 6.1. Das Wissensmodell 6.1.1. Datenhaltung 6.1.2. Wissensmodellgenerator 6.2. Der Kursplan 6.2.1. Datenhaltung 6.2.2. Der Lehrplangenerator 6.3. Das Tool - MDTea-Gen 6.3.1. Generation mit MDTea-Gen 6.3.2. Finalization mit MDTea-Gen 7. Auswertung 7.1. Testumgebung 7.1.1. Befüllung des Wissensmodell 7.1.2. Erstellung des Testkurses 7.2. Möglichkeiten und Limitationen des Prototypen 7.3. Möglichkeiten und Limitationen des generierten Kurses 7.4. Auswertung einer Fallstudie 7.4.1. Versuchsaufbau 7.4.2. Auswertung von Probanden 7.5. Zusammenfassung 8. Ausblick und Zusammenfassung 8.1. Beantwortung der Forschungsfragen 8.2. Ausblick 8.3. Zusammenfassung Literatur A. Bilder B. Listen 69 B.1. Antworten zu Frage 9 B.2. Antworten zu Frage 10 C. Weiters 71 C.1. Weitere Kommentare von P2 C.2. Fragebogen

Актуальность темы заключается в том, что сети сервисных центров сталкиваются с проблемой нехватки квалифицированных сотрудников и не стандартизированного процесса обучения. Особенно это затрагивает сотрудников, занимающихся ремонтом и обслуживанием цифровой техники. Обучение младших мастеров осуществляется старшими мастерами, которые имеют различные подходы и методы обучения. Однако, из-за их непосредственной занятости ремонтом, обучение становится неполным и прерывистым. Кроме того, отсутствует система отслеживания прогресса и текущих навыков сотрудников. Управляющим филиалов необходимо иметь полное представление о кадровых ресурсах, чтобы эффективно планировать работы и задействовать сотрудников. Объектом исследования является управление персоналом в сервисных центрах. Предметом исследования является изучение системы управления обучением и учета профессиональных навыков сотрудников в сервисных центрах. Новизна данной работы заключается в нахождении алгоритмического и программного решения задачи обучения персонала, позволяющего сократить трудозатраты. / The relevance of the topic lies in the fact that service center networks are faced with the problem of a lack of qualified employees and a non-standardized learning process. This especially affects employees involved in the repair and maintenance of digital equipment. The training of junior masters is carried out by senior masters who have different approaches and teaching methods. However, due to their direct employment with repairs, training becomes incomplete and intermittent. In addition, there is no system for tracking the progress and current skills of employees. Branch managers need to have a complete understanding of human resources in order to effectively plan work and engage employees. The object of research is personnel management in service centers. The subject of the research is the study of the training management system and accounting for the professional skills of employees in service centers. The novelty of this work lies in finding an algorithmic and software solution to the problem of personnel training, which makes it possible to reduce labor costs.