Global ETD Search

61	Conditions for Passenger Aircraft Minimum Fuel Consumption, Direct Operating Costs and Environmental Impact Caers, Brecht January 2019 (has links) (PDF) Purpose - Find optimal flight and design parameters for three objectives: minimum fuel consumption, Direct Operating Costs (DOC), and environmental impact of a passenger jet aircraft. --- Approach - Combining multiple models (this includes aerodynamics, specific fuel consumption, DOC, and equivalent CO2 mass) into one generic model. In this combined model, each objective's importance is determined by a weighting factor. Additionally, the possibility of further optimizing this model by altering an aircraft's wing loading is analyzed. --- Research limitations - Most models use estimating equations based on first principles and statistical data. --- Practical implications - The optimal cruise altitude and speed for a specific objective can be approximated for any passenger jet aircraft. --- Social implications - By using a simple approach, the discussion of optimizing aircraft opens up to a level where everyone can participate. --- Value - To find a general answer on how to optimize aviation, operational and design-wise, by using a simple approach. ddc:620 info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/629.13 Luftfahrt Flugzeugaerodynamik Flugmechanik Betriebskosten Aeronautics Airplanes--Performance Cost accounting Environmental protection Flugzeug Flugtriebwerk Luftverschmutzung Energieverbrauch Tabellenkalkulation Airplanes Aerodynamics Speed Altitudes Energy conservation Air--Pollution Global warming Electronic spreadsheets aviation commercial aircraft DOC Direct Operating Costs flight mechanics flight mechanics fuel consumption fuel consumption fuel burn
62	Dynamic Cabin Air Contamination Calculation Theory Lakies, Marcel January 2019 (has links) (PDF) In this report an equation is derived to calculate the dynamic effect of primary and secondary aircraft cabin air contamination. The equation is applied in order to understand implications and hazards. Primary contamination is from an outside source in form of normal low level contamination or high level contamination in a failure case. Secondary contamination originates from deposited material released into the cabin by a trigger event. The dynamic effect is described as an initial value problem (IVP) of a system governed by a nonhomogeneous linear first order ordinary differential equation (ODE). More complicated excitations are treated as a sequence of IVPs. The ODE is solved from first principles. Spreadsheets are provided with sample calculations that can be adapted to user needs. The method is not limited to a particular principle of the environmental control system (ECS) or contamination substance. The report considers cabin air recirculation and several locations of contamination sources, filters, and deposit points (where contaminants can accumulate and from where they can be released). This is a level of detail so far not considered in the cabin air literature. Various primary and secondary cabin contamination scenarios are calculated with plausible input parameters taken from popular passenger aircraft. A large cabin volume, high air exchange rate, large filtered air recirculation rate, and high absorption rates at deposit points lead to low contamination concentration at given source strength. Especially high contamination concentrations would result if large deposits of contaminants are released in a short time. The accuracy of the results depends on the accuracy of the input parameters. Five different approaches to reduce the contaminant concentration in the aircraft cabin are discussed and evaluated. More effective solutions involve higher implementation efforts. The method and the spreadsheets allow predicting cabin air contamination concentrations independent of confidential industrial input parameters. ddc:620 info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/629.13 Luftfahrt Luftfahrzeug Passagierflugzeug Flugzeugkabine Aeronautics Airplanes Air--Pollution Aircraft cabins Luftverschmutzung Trikresylphosphat aircraft cabin cabin air ECS tricresyl phosphate TCP initial value problem IVP ordinary differential equation ODE air contamination concentration contaminant dynamics spreadsheet
63	Evaluation of the Hybrid-Electric Aircraft Project Airbus E-Fan X Benegas Jayme, Diego January 2019 (has links) (PDF) Purpose - This master thesis evaluates the hybrid-electric aircraft project E-Fan X with respect to its economical and environmental performance in comparison to its reference aircraft, the BAe 146-100. The E-Fan X is replacing one of the four jet engines of the reference aircraft by an electric motor and a fan. A turboshaft engine in the cargo compartment drives a generator to power the electric motor. --- Methodology - The evaluation of this project is based on standard aircraft design equations. Economics are based on Direct Operating Costs (DOC), which are calculated with the method of the Association of European Airlines (AEA) from 1989, inflated to 2019 values. Environmental impact is assessed based on local air quality (NOx, Ozone and Particulate Matter), climate impact (CO2, NOx, Aircraft-Induced Cloudiness known as AIC) and noise pollution estimated with fundamental acoustic equations. --- Findings - The battery on board the E-Fan X it is not necessary. In order to improve the proposed design, the battery was eliminated. Nevertheless, due to additional parts required in the new configuration, the aircraft is 902 kg heavier. The turboshaft engine saves only 59 kg of fuel. The additional mass has to be compensated by a payload reduced by 9 passengers. The DOC per seat-mile are up by more than 10% and equivalent CO2 per seat-mile are more than 16% up in the new aircraft. --- Research limitations - Results are limited in accuracy by the underlying standard aircraft design calculations. The results are also limited in accuracy by the lack of knowledge of some data of the project. --- Practical implications - The report contributes arguments to the discussion about electric flight. --- Social implications - Results show that unconditional praise given to the environmental characteristics of this industry project are not justified. ddc:620 info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/629.13 Luftfahrt Luftfahrzeug Elektroantrieb Flugmechanik Aeronautics Airplanes Electric propulsion Airplanes--Performance Betriebskosten Kraftstoffverbrauch Luftverschmutzung Fluglärm Projektbewertung Technikbewertung Luftfahrttechnik Flugtriebwerk Passagier Flugzeug Entwurf Dimensionierung Cost accounting Airplanes--Fuel consumption Environmental protection Airplanes--Noise Evaluation Technology assessment Aerospace engineering Airplanes--Jet propulsion Airplanes--Turbofan engines Design aircraft aircraft design flight mechanics engines certification DOC Direct Operating Costs Airbus E-Fan X BAe 146

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