Den ökande globaliseringen bidrar till en kulturell mångfald i vården. Det finns få tidigare studier om ledarskap från mångkulturella arbetsplatser i Sverige och för att möjliggöra ett hållbart ledarskap av en hållbar mångkulturell arbetsplats behöver framgångsfaktorer i ledarskapet identifieras. I syfte att undersöka vilka upplevelser och erfarenheter vårdens chefer har av att leda mångkulturella medarbetargrupper har en kvalitativ intervjustudie genomförts. Totalt intervjuades 8 chefer från två olika sjukhus. Det insamlade materialet har transkriberats, analyseras och kategoriseras genom innehållsanalys (Elo & Kyngäs 2008). Resultatet visar att ledarskapet anpassades både utifrån individen och medarbetarens kulturella bakgrund. Det var främst språket som de intervjuade cheferna anpassade, men även på vilket sätt de kommunicerade med medarbetarna. Fördelar identifierades med en mångkulturell arbetsplats då personalen kunde tolka åt patienter och förmedla kunskap om kultur i medarbetargruppen. Informanterna upplevde inte att konflikter i medarbetargruppen härrörde från kulturella aspekter men däremot att missförstånd relaterade till språkförståelse kunde skapa konflikter. En förklaring till detta resultat kan vara att informanterna upplever det mer socialt accepterat att diskutera språkliga orsaker till konflikter än kulturella orsaker. Cheferna saknade stöd och utbildning i mångkulturellt ledarskap och uppgav att de fått kunskap genom erfarenhet och lärt av tidigare misstag. Författarna tror att cheferna kan få stöd genom mentorskap för att utveckla ett hållbart ledarskap och att färre misstag då skulle behöva begås. En organisatorisk tydlighet med regler och värdegrund ses också som viktiga för ett hållbart ledarskap.

<p>Our intention with this study is to investigate teachers work in a multicultural classroom. For the purpose of this study, a web survey was constructed. The investigation was carried out among teachers on three different multicultural secondary schools in Sweden. 53 teachers informed us about their own experiences and thoughts concerning their work in a multicultural classroom. Conceptions as multiculturalism, methods in teaching, the climate in classrooms, teacher cultures and interculturalism has been used in the study. The investigation partly indicates that some teachers do not take multiculturalism into consideration, instead they have a individual view on their students. Although the majority of the teachers do that and actively tries to improve their work within the multicultural classroom. The teachers take care of their students similarities and differences because they want the students to understand about differences. Different views and perspectives are enriching. In order to improve their work the teachers wants further education and more support from the school management and colleagues. The teachers have a positive attitude in general towards the multicultural classroom.</p> / <p>Vår avsikt med denna studie är att undersöka lärares arbete i ett mångkulturellt klassrum. I syftet för studien gjordes en webbenkätundersökning. Undersökningen genomfördes bland lärare på tre mångkulturella 7-9 skolor i Sverige. 53 lärare delade med sig av sina erfarenheter och tankar om sitt arbete i ett mångkulturellt klassrum. Begrepp som mångkultur, undervisningsmetoder, klassrumsklimat, lärarkulturer och interkultur nyttjas i arbetet. Undersökningen visar dels att en del lärare inte tar det mångkulturella i beaktande eftersom de individanpassar undervisningen. Däremot gör flertalet det och försöker aktivt förbättra sitt arbete i det mångkulturella klassrummet. Lärarna tar vara på elevernas likheter och olikheter eftersom de vill att eleverna ska få förståelse för skillnaderna. Olika synsätt och perspektiv ses som något berikande. Vidare efterfrågar lärarna mer fortbildning och stöd från skolledning och kollegor för att kunna utveckla sitt arbete. Lärarna har genomgående en positiv inställning till det mångkulturella klassrummet.</p>

In the context of world globalization, Sweden has today become a multicultural society, where many different cultures, religions, values and approaches are trying to co-exist. When the Swedish government's integration policy was put into effect, one sought to open the way for a more peaceful coexistence between majority and minority people. The intention was that everyone, through mutual interaction, would learn to come together and learn to respect each other's differences. It was suggested that an intercultural approach should permeate all education, including preschool activity. There are particular guidelines for a culture and tradition promotion work within the preschool in the new revised curriculum (Lpfö 98, rev. 2010), These guidelines are intended for preschool teachers, where the intention is to strengthen each child’s traditional and cultural identity (Skolverket 2010).The purpose of this study is that from an intercultural perspective examine preschool teachers’ thoughts, views and notions around a cultural promotion work within the multicultural preschool. Six preschool teachers were interviewed from two multicultural preschools. The questions have been based on preschool teachers' thoughts, views and notions around a culture and tradition of promotion work in the meeting with children within multicultural preschools. The results show that some preschool teachers, whether consciously or unconsciously, relate themselves ethnocentric to a culture and tradition promotion work. The multicultural work is primarily related to a language promotion work. Intentions exist but seem to be too weak for an intercultural approach and the reason seems to be, among other things, the monocultural norm and approaches in stronghold within the preschool, the lack of knowledge of other cultures and unclear guidelines in the governing documents of work approach.

Our intention with this study is to investigate teachers work in a multicultural classroom. For the purpose of this study, a web survey was constructed. The investigation was carried out among teachers on three different multicultural secondary schools in Sweden. 53 teachers informed us about their own experiences and thoughts concerning their work in a multicultural classroom. Conceptions as multiculturalism, methods in teaching, the climate in classrooms, teacher cultures and interculturalism has been used in the study. The investigation partly indicates that some teachers do not take multiculturalism into consideration, instead they have a individual view on their students. Although the majority of the teachers do that and actively tries to improve their work within the multicultural classroom. The teachers take care of their students similarities and differences because they want the students to understand about differences. Different views and perspectives are enriching. In order to improve their work the teachers wants further education and more support from the school management and colleagues. The teachers have a positive attitude in general towards the multicultural classroom. / Vår avsikt med denna studie är att undersöka lärares arbete i ett mångkulturellt klassrum. I syftet för studien gjordes en webbenkätundersökning. Undersökningen genomfördes bland lärare på tre mångkulturella 7-9 skolor i Sverige. 53 lärare delade med sig av sina erfarenheter och tankar om sitt arbete i ett mångkulturellt klassrum. Begrepp som mångkultur, undervisningsmetoder, klassrumsklimat, lärarkulturer och interkultur nyttjas i arbetet. Undersökningen visar dels att en del lärare inte tar det mångkulturella i beaktande eftersom de individanpassar undervisningen. Däremot gör flertalet det och försöker aktivt förbättra sitt arbete i det mångkulturella klassrummet. Lärarna tar vara på elevernas likheter och olikheter eftersom de vill att eleverna ska få förståelse för skillnaderna. Olika synsätt och perspektiv ses som något berikande. Vidare efterfrågar lärarna mer fortbildning och stöd från skolledning och kollegor för att kunna utveckla sitt arbete. Lärarna har genomgående en positiv inställning till det mångkulturella klassrummet.

The purpose of this essay is to examine what literary heritage teachers communicate in the school subject Swedish at upper secondary school. The overall research question for this work is: Which authors and/or works are mentioned by the teachers in the school subject Swedish at upper secondary school? How well do these authors and/or works answer towards a multicultural perspective? Which factors affect teachers´ selections of texts? Based on this purpose and these research questions, the aim is to answer the didactic question of what. To accomplish the purpose of the study a quantitative method has been used. The survey was conducted in two medium-sized cities in central Sweden, and was answered by 17 teachers. The study shows that the teachers ascribe the Western and Swedish literature great importance. Authorships and/or works outside the Western literary culture sphere are very few, as well as texts written by women and by Swedish writers with immigrant origin or belonging to national minorities. The factors that govern teachers’ selection of texts are agreement in the form of solid reading lists, cooperation and coordination, thematic work, resources and students. The conclusion that follows is that it seems to be the conservative and liberal multiculturalism that emerges most strongly when it comes to teaching literature in the school subject Swedish. / Syftet med föreliggande uppsats är att undersöka vilket litteraturarv lärare förmedlar genom skolämnet svenska i gymnasieskolan. De övergripande forskningsfrågorna är: Vilka för-fattarskap och/eller verk behandlar lärare i undervisningen i skolämnet svenska på gymnasiet? Hur väl svarar dessa författarskap och/eller verk mot ett mångkulturellt perspektiv? Vilka faktorer påverkar lärarnas texturval? Utifrån syftet och forskningsfrågorna är målsättningen att ge svar på den didaktiska vad-frågan. För att uppnå studiens syfte har en kvantitativ metod, i form av en enkätundersökning, anammats. Enkätundersökningen genomfördes i två medelstora städer i mellersta Sverige och besvarades av 17 svensklärare. Resultatet visar att undersökningsdeltagarna tillmäter den västerländska och svenska litteraturen stor betydelse. Författarskap och/eller verk utanför den västerländska litterära kultursfären är väldigt få, likaså texter författade av kvinnor och texter skrivna av svenska författare med invandrarbakgrund eller tillhörande nationella minoritetsgrupper. De faktorer som styr lärarnas texturval är överenskommelser i form av fasta litteraturlistor, samarbete och samordningar, tematiskt arbete, resurser och eleverna. Slutsatsen som följer är att det tycks vara den konservativa och liberala mångkulturalismen som framträder starkast i litteraturundervisningen i svenska.

The aim of this study has been to analyze how society is constructed in the workbook Möte med människor från andra kulturer, a popular material within the “cultural competency” industry. The analysis has largely been carried out from the perspective of a pedagogy against oppression as it has been outlined by Kevin Kumashiro. I have found that the material combines discursive movements, which in complex and hybrid ways deconstruct, decenter, recenter and reproduce stereotypes and norms, through its normative language and pedagogy. A language constructing culture as cleanly demarcated, static and homogenous. Cultures are made mutually exclusive and cultural patterns dominant within Sweden are placed in a dichotomous relationship with the “immigrant” other, naturalizing the privileges of the former and the marginalization of the latter. The material attempts to structure a reflexive process encouraging the reader to develop a critical self-awareness. However, the material, more often than not, fails to move this beyond an individual level, other than to inscribe a static and excluding notion of “Swedish” culture and identity onto the reader. The material teems with critical potential but I argue that its ambition is mired by normative language and staging. This is not to say that it cannot encourage critical awareness, but inarguably, its ability to do so has been lessened.

<p> </p><p>The aim of this study has been to analyze how society is constructed in the workbook <em>Möte med människor från andra <em>kulturer</em>, a popular material within the “cultural competency” industry. The analysis has largely been carried out from the perspective of a pedagogy against oppression as it has been outlined by Kevin Kumashiro. </em></p><p>I have found that the material combines discursive movements, which in complex and hybrid ways deconstruct, decenter, recenter and reproduce stereotypes and norms, through its normative language and pedagogy. A language constructing culture as cleanly demarcated, static and homogenous. Cultures are made mutually exclusive and cultural patterns dominant within Sweden are placed in a dichotomous relationship with the “immigrant” other, naturalizing the privileges of the former and the marginalization of the latter.</p><p>The material attempts to structure a reflexive process encouraging the reader to develop a critical self-awareness. However, the material, more often than not, fails to move this beyond an individual level, other than to inscribe a static and excluding notion of “Swedish” culture and identity onto the reader. The material teems with critical potential but I argue that its ambition is mired by normative language and staging. This is not to say that it cannot encourage critical awareness, but inarguably, its ability to do so has been lessened.</p><p> </p>

<p>Denna kvalitativa studie bygger på intervjuer med sex svensklärare vid tre olika gymnasieskolor. Genom att göra parintervjuer med lärarna har jag undersökt hur de tolkar skrivningarna om kulturarv och kulturell mångfald i läroplanen, Lpf94. Jag har även frågat hur de anser att deras undervisning påverkas av dessa ord i läroplanen.</p><p>Orden kulturarv och kulturell mångfald är inte definierade i Lpf94. Lärarnas svar visar på hur denna brist på konkretisering av innehållet skapar viss osäkerhet men också speglar den bredd av tolkningar som det kan ge upphov till. Denna svårighet att definiera och ge utrymmer för en bredd i tolkningen är något som tidigare forskning också har påtalat.</p><p>Resultatet visar att dessa sex lärare är väl medvetna om det dubbla uppdraget, att förmedla kulturarvet och att ha en kulturell mångfald i undervisningen. Jag uppfattar att de har ett elevcentrerat perspektiv och att de i sina didaktiska val gärna vill att elevernas förutsättningar och villkor ska vara med och styra innehållet. Därför blir det många gånger elevens värld och elevens intressen som bidrar till den kulturella mångfalden men samtidigt strävar lärarna efter att både förmedla kulturarvet och att bredda elevernas syn på vad som är kulturell mångfald.</p>

This study is about the work around festivals and traditions that takes place in multicultural preschools. The purpose of this study is to describe and reflect upon the work around festivals and traditions in multicultural preschools from the view of five preschool teachers who are active in their profession.  The purpose is also to investigate which festivals and traditions that are given attention at preschool and for what reason according to the preschool teachers. The method of research chosen in this study is qualitative in the form of individual interviews with the intention of obtaining and interpreting the descriptions and reflections of the informants around the subject. The results will be analyzed from an intercultural perspective. The results show that all investigated preschools celebrate the traditional Swedish festivals Christmas, St. Lucia’s day, Easter and Midsummer, and that these festivals take up lots of space in terms of time and labor. At some of the preschools attention was also given to other festivals from different faiths and cultures out of diversity and a more globalized perspective. The results also revealed that all of the preschool teachers were positive to giving attention to festivals from other faiths and cultures. It was considered to bring an increased understanding and respect for differences between people. It appeared that an operation with increased cultural features would result in the confrontation of some difficulties.

The aim of my study is to see how teachers in the early primary school are working to teach all their pupils based on how different ethnicities, cultures and multilingual differences reflect on their work places – the classrooms. I've also contacted the county, were the schools are located in, so I could see what system they are using and how it affects the society. The Swedish society is influenced by different cultures, multilingualism and ethnicities the more time passes, which means that teachers all around need to integrate their pupils in the system so they can better adjust to how the Swedish school system works and be prepared for adult life. Teachers need to concentrate intensely on how they should guide the pupils in their specific class so they can reach their full learning potential and reach the knowledge criteria set by the Swedish school system. I contacted the board of education and to set up a meeting so we could discuss my project. During the meeting I asked the representative how they believe this matter should be handled. After the meeting with the board of education I’ve contacted several teachers in the area. Four teachers participated and contributed information for this study.   The result of my study is that the teachers I’ve been in contact with have pupils that often speak more than one language and the hardest job is to guide them to become viable society citizens in Sweden and still have their culture, language and ethnicities with them.