Este trabalho aborda a (in) visibilidade das juventudes (tribos) na pós-modernidade, tendo como pressuposto que nos espaços virtuais de confluência entre a tecnologia e a arte elas podem ganhar visibilidade. A abordagem ancora-se teoricamente, principalmente, no pensador francês Michel Maffesoli, tendo como método a sociologia compreensiva. A sustentação teórica articulou o pensamento maffesoliano às juventudes como categoria ou metáfora de um modo de ser juvenil e às implicações tecnológicas no processo de interação, mediação e potencialização das expressões estéticas juvenis. Utilizamos as noções de Maffesoli como categorias para compreender as novas formas de socialidade das tribos por meio de suas diversas manifestações artísticas na cibercultura. As descrições e análises das manifestações de Flash Mobs postadas em vídeos do Youtube e grupos que mantêm Site/páginas de Facebook destinados à divulgação de encontros artístico-culturais mediados pelo ciberespaço permitiram perceber que nem todas as tribos funcionam por meio da mesma dinâmica, o que nos levou a elaborar a ideia de intensidade das práticas juvenis tanto em termos das formas de apropriar-se, como do modo de relacionar-se com o que foi apropriado. O viés estético-emocional conduz a identificação do modo de ser juvenil com um espírito dionisíaco. Assim como a metáfora de Afrodite (sensualidade que se refere não apenas à sexualidade, mas à liberdade que se busca na vivência sem regras, a um retorno à natureza) que, para nós, também ronda o estar-junto das tribos. Deparamos, portanto, com muitas possibilidades de visibilidade das juventudes nas tramas artísticas que dialogam na interface físico-virtual e ocupam os espaços públicos da cidade. / This text addresses the (in) visibility of youths (tribes) in postmodernity, with the assumption that in the virtual spaces of confluence between technology and art they can gain visibility. The approach is anchored in theory, especially in the French thinker Michel Maffesoli, whose method the comprehensive sociology. The theoretical framework articulated the maffesoliano thought to youths as a category or metaphor way of being youthful and technological implications in the process of interaction, mediation and empowerment of youth aesthetic expressions. We use Maffesoli notions as categories to understand the new forms of tribes sociality through their various art forms in cyberspace. Flash Mobs descriptions and analyzes demonstrations posted on YouTube videos and groups that maintain website / Facebook pages for dissemination of artistic and cultural meetings mediated by cyberspace allowed realize that not all tribes operate through the same dynamic, which it led us to develop the idea of intensity of youth practices both in terms of the forms of ownership, such as how to relate to what was appropriate. The aesthetic-emotional bias leads to identify the mode of being youthful with a Dionysian spirit. As Aphrodite's metaphor (sensuality referred not only to sexuality, but freedom is sought in living without rules, a return to nature) that, for us, also round the being-together of the tribes. Therefore we find in the artistic frames a visibility of youths plenty the dialogue on physical and virtual interface and occupy public spaces in the city.

The desire of every marketer is to develop and maintain strong customer relationships. One way this can be accomplished is through effective advertising. Marketers have recently begun to brand flash mobs as a way to effectuate strong brand relationships. Even so, it is unclear whether or not the branding of flash mobs supports or frustrates this pursuit. Therefore, the goal of this thesis is to help marketers understand the potential impact that branded flash mobs may have on consumer behaviour and brand relationships. Since these interactions are complex we need to observe the convoluted whole from untangled vantage points. Marketing scholars and researchers must then attempt to understand the latent opportunities and unsuspecting dangers when branding a flash mob. Toward answering this end, four distinct research studies were used to examine the phenomenon from four different perspectives. The aim of the first paper is twofold. First, it deductively seeks to understand how to categorize branded flash mobs within the marketing literature through an historical and cultural analysis of the phenomenon. Exploratory in nature, this study then employs a mixed methods approach to understand how marketers are currently using flash mobs, and more importantly, if branded flash mobs are an effective tool of communication and persuasion. In the second paper, a field experiment was conducted to assess the impact of a branded flash mob on consumers’ emotions, consumer experience and connectedness in a public market. Qualitative interviews were used to capture the data. Shifting perspectives, the third paper seeks to understand why some branded flash mobs fail to ‘go viral’. Using of a number of focus groups, participants were asked to watch several branded flash mob videos and discuss their willingness to share them online (e.g., email, Facebook, or Twitter). Toward a better understanding of the impact of branded flash mobs on brand equity, the final paper evaluates viewers’ attitude toward the ad. Using netnographic techniques (Kozinets, 2002) 2,882 YouTube comments from three virally successful branded flash mobs ads were examined to understand how branded flash mobs affect brand equity. Responses grouped into one of four archetypical attitudes, each of which has a distinct impact on brand equity. Motivated by the potential for widespread exposure at a relatively low cost, marketers continue to produce branded flash mobs. Sometimes they are fresh and creative, while at others they are out of tune with the spirit of the phenomenon. This thesis uncovers the impact of these efforts on consumer behaviour and brand equity, and concludes with a guide for managers to consider when planning their next branded flash mob. An acknowledgement of the limitations and an outline for directions of future research are also presented. / <p>QC 20140521</p>

Submitted by Valquíria Barbieri (kikibarbi@hotmail.com) on 2018-02-02T20:27:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2013_Fernando Gil Paiva Martins.pdf: 2644326 bytes, checksum: 6fa0cf335a368d6524042db8e044c368 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2018-02-03T13:15:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2013_Fernando Gil Paiva Martins.pdf: 2644326 bytes, checksum: 6fa0cf335a368d6524042db8e044c368 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-03T13:15:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2013_Fernando Gil Paiva Martins.pdf: 2644326 bytes, checksum: 6fa0cf335a368d6524042db8e044c368 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-05 / CAPES / Por meio da perspectiva da comunicação como ciência da cultura (LIMA, 2011), esta pesquisa evidencia, no início do século XXI, a dimensão midiática de flash mobs no uso do ciberespaço e na atualização de multidões organizadas para um acontecimento que faz diferença no cotidiano da experiência urbana globalizada. Flash mobs são entendidos como agrupamentos e dispersões instantâneos em praças, parques, estações, etc. com mobilização prévia em redes sociais. Para localizar flash mobs como intervenções contemporâneas, sete casos relevantes de vídeos (registros) do YouTube foram selecionados para compor um panorama descritivo de flash mobs, bem como a comparação a outros exemplos, como os happenings, nos anos 1960, cuja mobilização era anterior à internet. Os casos selecionados, no Brasil e em metrópoles do mundo, contribuem para formar um conceito de flash mob, situado desde sua criação, em 2003, Nova York, pelo jornalista Bill Wasik. Com isso, esta pesquisa interdisciplinar se constrói aportada pela comunicação, a partir de conceitos como: a cidade (Sennett); a performance (Schechner); a cibercultura (Lemos; Lévy); o não-lugar, o lugar e o entre-lugar (Augé; Serpa; Castrogiovanni; e Tuan); as trocas e a dádiva (Mauss; Simmel; e Lévi-Strauss); o espaço, o tempo e a pausa (Tuan); a globalização (Ianni), e outros. / Based on the perspective of communication as Science of Culture (LIMA, 2011), this research clarifies, in the beginning of the 21st century, the media dimension of flash mobs in the use of cyberspace and in the actualization of organized multitudes for something that makes difference in the daily urban globalized experience. Flash mobs can be understood as instantaneous gatherings and spreads in squares, parks, stations, etc. with a previous mobilization through social networks. To localize flash mobs as contemporary interventions, seven relevant cases of videos (registers) have been selected from YouTube to compose a descriptive panorama of flash mobs, as well as the comparison to other examples, as the happenings in the 1960‟s, which mobilization was pre-internet. The selected cases, in Brazil and some metropolises in the world, contribute to conceptualize flash mobs, situated since its creation, in New York, 2003, by journalist Bill Wasik. Furthermore, this interdisciplinary research, supported by communication, reunites some concepts like: the city (Sennett); the performance (Schechner); Cyberculture (Lemos; and Lévy); non-place, place and in-between (Augé; Serpa; Castrogiovanni; and Tuan); changes and gifts (Mauss; Simmel; and Lévi-Strauss); space, time and pause (Tuan); globalization (Octavio Ianni); etc.

I have in this case study evaluated advantages and disadvantages with mob programming, at a IT-company called CGM (CompuGroup Medical LAB AB), in Borlänge, Sweden. Mob programming is new way to work with computer code creation or system maintenance. A group of developers works together to solve problems, like computer bugs. Only one person sits at the keyboard at one time. Like an evolution of pair programming. I have interviewed a selected number of staffs at CGM. What are the pros and cons with mob programming for information systems engineers? I have also conducted a test, with university students that study information systems science at Dalarna University. The students tested to solve a problem with mob programming, and then evaluated the test in a questionnaire. / Jag har i denna fallstudie utvärderat för- och nackdelar med mobprogrammering, vid företaget CGM (CompuGroup Medical LAB AB), Borlänge, Sverige. Mobprogrammering är ett nytt sätt att arbeta med systemutveckling där flera personer arbetar tillsammans i en för att lösa problem, som ex. buggar i datorprogram. Endast en person sitter vid tangentbordet åt gången. Det är en vidareutveckling av parprogrammering. I studien så jag intervjuat personal vid CGM. Vilka för- och nackdelar finns det med mobprogrammering för systemutvecklare? Jag har fått fram flertal fördelar samt nackdelar med mobprogrammering. Jag har även för att få fler synvinklar genomfört ett test med systemvetenskapsstudenter vid Högskolan Dalarna. Studenterna har testat mobprogrammering för att lösa ett problem och analyserade sedan testet med frågeformulär.

Programming practices are used to improve various attributes of the coding process. Pair and Mob Programming are two practices that involve multiple developers collaboratively working on the same tasks and share multiple advantages and disadvantages. The aim of this project is to identify common advantages and disadvantages of the two practices as well as some attributes that differentiate the two and help in the process of deciding which programming practice should be used for a task. The first method used to answer the research questions was a literature review that should find and list the pros and cons of Mob and Pair Programming. A second method used were interviews with industry practitioners, whose perspectives and experiences will validate the previous results, add new attributes to the practices and identify differences and factors that encourage the use of one or the other practice. The findings of the project consist of positive and negative aspects of using any of the two programming practices and a set of attributes that should be considered when deciding whether to adopt Mob or Pair Programming for the task at hand.

Bakgrund Parprogrammering och mobbprogrammering är samarbetsinriktade programutvecklingstekniker där utvecklare arbetar tillsammans för att lösa problem. Fördelarna inkluderar förbättrad kodförståelse, minskad defektfrekvens och kunskapsöverföring. Mobbprogrammering involverar en hel grupp av programmerare som samarbetar med samma kod. Båda metoderna leder till ökad produktivitet och kunskapsbreddning bland utvecklarna. Dessa metoder undersöktes i samarbete med Trafikverket för att förbättra förståelsen av deras effektivitet inom olika utvecklingskontexter. Syfte Vilka styrkor och svagheter upplever utvecklare med par-, mobb- och soloprogrammering inom nyutveckling och förvaltning? Metod Datainsamlingen bestod av semistrukturerade intervjuer och en enkät. Urvalet för intervjuerna gjordes av vår handledare på Trafikverket, som valde personer med erfarenhet av parprogrammering. (Enkäten skickades ut till 205 utvecklare och vi fick 23 svar, vilket motsvarar ensvarsfrekvens på 11,2%.) Analys Resultatet visar att utvecklare hade störst preferens för att programmera ensam i nyutveckling (43%) samt i förvaltning (35%).Undersökningen visade även att (82%) ser kompetensspridning som en anledning att använda sig av par- eller mobbprogrammering. Slutsatser Styrkorna med soloprogrammering är att det oftast går snabbare att utveckla, utvecklaren kan jobba mer självständigt och efter sina egna preferenser. Styrkorna med par- och mobbprogrammering är att kodkvaliteten ökar och förmågan att sprida kunskap. Oftast går det snabbare att lösa problem i par och mobb. Svagheterna med par- och mobbprogrammering är att det krävs fler resurser och det kan ta längre tid att göra framsteg. Följder Resultatet av denna undersökning kan vara till nytta för organisationer som använder eller överväger att använda par- eller mobbprogrammering som metod för utveckling, och bidra till att optimera deras utvecklingsprocesser. / Background Pair programming and mob programming are collaborative software development techniques where developers work together to solve development problems. The benefits include improved code understanding, reduced defectrates, and knowledge transfer. Mobprogramming involves an entire team of programmers collaborating on the same code. Both techniques lead to increased productivity and knowledge sharing among developers. These techniques were investigated in collaboration with Trafikverket to improveunderstanding of their effectiveness in different development contexts. Aim To find out what strengths and weaknesses developers experience with pair programming, mob programming and solo programming in the contexts of new development projects and maintenance. Method The data collection involved semi-structured interviews and a survey. The selection for the interviews was done by our supervisor at Trafikverket, who chose individuals with experience in pair programming. The survey was distributed to 205 developers, and we received 23 responses, resulting in a responserate of 11.2%. Analysis The result shows that developers had the greatest preference for programming alone in new development (43%) and in maintenance(35%). The survey also showed that (82%) see the spread of skills as a reason to use pair or mob programming. Conclusions The strengths of solo programming include faster development, the ability for developers to work independently and according to their own preferences. The strengths of pair and mob programming include improved code quality and knowledge sharing. Problem-solving is often faster in pair and mob programming. The weaknesses of pair and mob programming include the need for more resources and potentially longer time to make progress. Implications The results of this study can be beneficial for organizations that currently use or are considering adopting pair programming or mob programming as a development method. It can contribute to optimizing their development processes and improving their overall outcomes.

High levels of harassment and threats against journalists have been observed globally. This thesis examines the lived experience of harassment and threats against journalists in Sweden through the lens of New Censorship Theory and Mob Censorship. The topic is explored through a series of qualitative interviews to better understand the effects on the journalists themselves and how they perceive their own situation. While censorship traditionally has been understood as a top-down phenomenon somewhat exclusive to authoritarian or quasi- authoritarian states, New Censorship Theory and Mob Censorship offer an opportunity to reexamine the consequences of how digital communication brings hatred to journalists in real time and how this in turn affects the journalists in their daily work. The results in this thesis suggest that harassment and threats against journalists come from several different groups with slightly different agendas The fact that all groups resort to intimidation indicates that there has been a shift in how journalism is perceived. The groups that attack journalists are also unevenly divided between local and national news outlets, resulting in different experiences depending on where a journalist is employed. The emerging situation might also force journalists who are deeply affected by harassment and threats to leave their careers all together, leaving only journalists with thicker skin. Finally, this thesis contributes towards a more complex understanding of the mechanics behind New Censorship Theory and Mob Censorship in liberal democracies.

Yes / The emergence of globalisation has promoted human rights education, the media and scholarly works have drawn attention to the issue of the rule of law and mob justice activities constantly recurring in developing countries. The paper examines the effects of mob justice on the rule of law and democratisation in Africa using Ghana as a case study. The paper is of the view that mob justice has both negative and positive effects on the rule of law and democratisation in Ghana. This is because the legal and criminal justice systems in some societies are seen by citizens as illegitimate as they fail to punish suspected criminals appropriately; thus, negatively destroying democracy and the image of the State. Positively, mob justice serves as a wake-up call for the State to take its responsibility to protect the rights of its citizens seriously. The paper draws on international human rights law in the light of international legal instruments, such as the UDHR, ICCPR, and African Charter, as well as the 1992 Constitution of Ghana and employs mainly the Tylerian procedural justice perspective, as well as Liberal democratic theory. It uses theoretical, critically analytical and qualitative empirical evidence (based on semi-structured interviews from purposive sampling of 15 expert opinions and relevant organisations with a keen interest in the subject matter) for the analysis. / Ghana Scholarship Board funded the research on the Rule of Law & Mob Justice in Ghana.

Pair programming is an agile software development practice that can be used in university student's education when learning programming. Previous research on students at universities has shown that there exist different perceived benefits and drawbacks on the practice’s contribution to learning. However, these research are few and no similar studies have been conducted at KTH. A research gap has therefore emerged, which this thesis intends to fill and potentially lead to the subject being more relevant to, for example, Swedish universities. This creates the problem question: “How do students at KTH perceive the benefits and drawbacks of pair programming from a learning perspective, and how do these compare to previous studies?”. The purpose of the thesis is to explore the students' perceived benefits and drawbacks of pair programming at KTH from a learning perspective. The thesis goal is to expand the study on students' perceived benefits and drawbacks of pair programming from a learning perspective, as well as contribute to the knowledge of pair programming. The research methods chosen for the thesis are previous literature studies and qualitative in-depth interviews with eight students at KTH. The results are presented as summerazitations and tables of collected data on KTH students' perceptions on the benefits and drawbacks of pair programming from a learning perspective. The main benefits and their circumstances identified were better perspective, qualitative code and faster progress. Drawbacks and their circumstances on the other hand, were identified as various levels of experience, difference in personal preference, different time schedules and difficulties in alternating roles and changing partners. These results indicate that pair programming contributes much when learning programming, but that there also exist perceived drawbacks by KTH students. / Parprogrammering är en agil praxis inom mjukvaruutveckling som kan användas i universitetsstudenters utbildning när de lär sig programmering. Tidigare forskning på universitetsstudenter har visat att det finns olika upplevda fördelar och nackdelar med praktikens bidrag till lärande. Dessa undersökningar är dock få och inga liknande studier har gjorts på KTH. Ett forskningsgap har därmed uppstått, som denna avhandling avser att fylla och potentiellt leda till att ämnet blir mer relevant vid, exempelvis, svenska universitet. Detta leder till problemfrågan: ”Hur uppfattar studenter på KTH fördelarna och nackdelarna med parprogrammering ur ett lärandeperspektiv, och hur är dem i jämförelse med tidigare studier?”. Syftet med uppsatsen är att utforska studenters upplevda fördelar och nackdelar med parprogrammering på KTH ur ett lärandeperspektiv. Forskningens mål är att utöka studien om studenters upplevda fördelar och nackdelar med parprogrammering ur ett lärandeperspektiv, samt bidra till kunskapen om parprogrammering. De forskningsmetoder som valts ut är tidigare litteraturstudier och kvalitativa djupintervjuer med åtta studenter på KTH. Resultaten presenteras som sammanfattningar och tabeller över insamlad data om KTH-studenters uppfattningar om fördelar och nackdelar med parprogrammering ur ett lärandeperspektiv. De främsta fördelarna och deras omständigheter som identifierades var bättre perspektiv, kvalitativ kod och snabbare framsteg. Nackdelar och deras omständigheter identifierades däremot som olika nivåer av erfarenhet, olika personliga preferenser, olika tidsscheman, svårigheter med alternerande roller och byte av partner. Dessa resultat tyder på att parprogrammering bidrar mycket till lärandet av parprogrammering, men att det också finns nackdelar uppfattade av KTH-studenter.

Mechanical tension is an important regulator of cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and cell death. It is involved in the control of tissue architecture and wound repair and its improper sensing can contribute to cancer. The Hippo tumor suppressor pathway was recently shown to be involved in regulating cell proliferation in response to mechanical tension. The core of the pathway consists of the kinases MST1/2 and LATS1/2, which regulate the target of the pathway, the transcription co-activator YAP/ TAZ (hereafter referred to as YAP). When the Hippo pathway is inactive, YAP remains in the nucleus and promotes cell proliferation and stem cell maintenance. When the Hippo signaling pathway is turned on, MST1/2 phosphorylate and activates LATS1/2. LATS1/2 phosphorylates and inactivates YAP in the cytoplasm which is sequestered and degraded, stopping cell proliferation and promoting differentiation of stem cells. Mechanical forces are transmitted across cells and tissues through the cell-cell junctions and the actin cytoskeleton. However, the factors that connect cell-cell junctions to the Hippo signaling pathway were not clearly known. We identified a LIM domain protein called TRIP6 that functions at the adherens junctions to regulate the Hippo signaling pathway in a tension-dependent manner. TRIP6 responds to mechanical tension at adherens junctions and regulates LATS1/2 activity. Under high mechanical tension, TRIP6 sequesters and inhibits LATS1/2 at adherens junctions to promote YAP activity. Conditions that reduce tension at adherens junctions by inhibition of actin stress fibers or disruption of cell-cell junctions reduce TRIP6-LATS1/2 binding, which activates LATS1/2 to inhibit YAP. Vinculin has been shown to act as part of a mechanosensory complex at adherens junctions. We show that vinculin promotes TRIP6 inhibition of LATS1/2 in response to mechanical tension. Furthermore, we show that TRIP6 competitively inhibits MOB1 (a known LATS1/2 activator) from binding and activating LATS1/2. Together these findings reveal TRIP6 responds to mechanical signals at adherens junctions to regulate the Hippo signaling pathway in mammalian cells.