Detta arbete är en reflektion över ett programvaruutvecklingsprojekt, WAIS, och den arbetsmetodik som användes för detta projekt. Arbetsmetodiken för utvecklings-projektet var Extreme Programming (XP) och vi ifrågasätter om detta val var lämpligt för ett projekt som WAIS. Projektet genomfördes vid Blekinge Tekniska Högskola under våren 2004. Utvecklingsprojektet WAIS var en del av ett större projekt, AIS 42, som stöds av VINNOVA. Huvudprojektets bakgrund och syfte beskrivs för att läsaren skall förstå den roll projektet hade. Studenternas uppgift har varit att utveckla en prototyp för ett system som skall sprida information relaterad till logistik och transporter. Slutanvändarna till systemet är många och de tillhör olika organisationer som är spridda både fysiskt och verksamhetsmässigt. Arbetsmetodiken XP faller in under paraplybegreppet Agile manifesto vilkas principer beskrivs i detta arbete. Paralleller dras till arbetsprocessen och dess resultat som projektgruppen har utfört. Vi reflekterar över projektarbetet och arbetsmetodiken utifrån det perspektiv som växt fram under våra år på MDA-programmet. Synsättet bygger bland annat på particpatory design och människa-datorinteraktion där användarmedverkan har en central roll vid utvecklingsprocesser. Vår slutsats visar att utvecklingsprojektet gått miste om flera av de fördelar som arbetsmetodiken XP kan ge. De orsaker som identifierades var: tidsaspekter, tillgång till aktörer och avsaknaden av en tydlig gemensam målbild. / This thesis is a reflection over a software engineering project, WAIS, and the work methodology that has been used within the project. Extreme Programming (XP) was the work methodology used during the process of development. We question if the choice of work methodology is suitable for this kind of project. The project was running by student during spring 2004 at Blekinge Institute of technology (BTH). The project WAIS was a part of a larger project named AIS 42 that runs with funds from VINNOVA. The main projects background and purpose are described in thesis so that the reader can understand the students’ part in the projects as a whole. The students’ main task was to develop a prototype for a system that disseminates information about logistics and transports. The system has many different end users and they come from various organizations that are spread out both physical and organizational. XP is treated as a methodology with in Agile manifesto, which principles are being explained in the thesis. Parallels are being drawn between the work process and the result from the work done. We reflect over the process and the work methodology from a perspective that has been brought forth from our years of education at BTH. The approach is built up upon theories from participatory design and human computer interaction where the user has an essential part of the process of development. The conclusion shows that the project has missed some of the advantages that XP brings. The reasons that we identified were; timeaspects, access to users and the lack of a joint objectiv.

The present work is focused on project management and the relationship of this discipline to agile approaches. The aim was to design a generic agile project management methodolo-gy, which is based on Agile values and attitudes. Although the proposed methodology is mainly based on agile software development methodologies, it is also applicable to any type of project. The secondary objective was to propose possible ways of using this generic agile project management methodology in teaching 4IT414 - ICT Project Management, including the creation of documents to support this application. The work is divided into theoretical and practical. First the author defined the basic terms and knowledge of project management and subsequent-them, then also agile approaches and methodologies. In the practical part was introduced generic methodology for agile pro-ject management and proposed a possible way of involving the teaching methodology, including the design documents to serve. The objectives were met. Work can serve students agile approaches and project management, their teachers and the general public. The proposed methodology may be used for studies and real environments in various companies and institutions.

Agile Methoden sind in der industriellen Anwendung Stand der Technik, wobei Scrum das am häufigsten verwendete Prozess-Framework zur effektiven Entwicklung komplexer Produkte ist. Entworfen wurde Scrum von Ken Schwaber und Jeff Sutherland, die ebenfalls 2001 das agile Manifest mitentwickelten, welches die vier Werte und zwölf Prinzipien für die Arbeit mit agilen Methoden definiert. Scrum zeichnet sich unter anderem durch flache Hierarchien aus. Hierdurch erhalten Mitarbeitende zunehmend Verantwortung und es entsteht aufgrund der vermehrt stattfindenden Kommunikation eine erhöhte Transparenz in allen Prozessen. Diese Eigenschaften bringen viele Vorteile aber auch Herausforderungen mit sich. Einerseits kann hohe Transparenz durch Offenlegung der Arbeit zu Unsicherheit seitens der Mitarbeitenden führen, andererseits sorgt die erhöhte Verantwortung auch für einen größeren Einfluss der einzelnen Team-Mitglieder auf das Ergebnis der Arbeitsprozesse. Die Motivation und Leistungsbereitschaft der Mitarbeitenden sind demzufolge ausschlaggebend für die erfolgreiche Produktentwicklung mit Scrum. Gamification ist ein neuer, vielversprechender Ansatz zur Steigerung der Motivation und wird dabei definiert als „die Verwendung von Spiel-Designelementen in Nicht-Spielkontexten“. Die dieser Veröffentlichung zugrundeliegende Forschung bildet die Grundlage zur Entwicklung von dedizierten Gamification-Strategien mit dem Ziel der Optimierung von Motivation und folglich der Leistung der Mitarbeitenden im Scrum-Entwicklungsprozess.

From fears of issues with potential problematic consequences in the gaming industry stemming from a perceived power-disparity between the industry’s two defined“categories” (AAA and Independent), a study was made to investigate. This qualitative study was made to investigate whether or not certain perceived issues in the industry exist, and whether or not they are problematic (and in what way, if any). After interviewing four industry professionals of varying industry experience, it was determined that there are indeed issues stemming from a power-disparity within the industry. Furthermore, these issues can cause problems regarding the safety of the industry’s workers both physically and financially, the artistic and cultural development of the medium, and that some parts of the industry (mainly the independent-part of it) may be in danger should the AAA-part of the industry become too difficult to compete with. This has a host of consequences, such as marginalized developers and cultures being unable to compete and express themselves, and many independent developers losing financial support. This data and the conclusions drawn from them were then used to shape a manifesto with the intent to be used as means to inspire change within the industry and to rally up the medium to unionize and act to counteract the problems presented. Conclusively it seems that there is a power-disparity issue in the gaming industry. Furthermore, it seems that the more experience a worker of the industry has, the morein-depth they could argue and discuss issues and the problematic consequences of them within the industry. Due to this, it is concluded that new workers of the industry may be unaware of many of the problems and issues mentioned by the participants and discussed in the manifesto. This brings a sense of urgency to the manifesto’s spread. To help this, the manifesto is meant to be unveiled at the Sweden Games Conference of 2021, should the logistics go according to plan.

In the modern world, Scrum is widely adopted by many companies for software development, no matter the size of the company. As Scrum provides rapid development and meets the customer needs in a faster and efficient way, many companies want to move towards Scrum but moving towards Scrum is difficult and challenging due to different barriers for example cost, lack of experience, and so on. This thesis is to address the barriers which are involved during the Scrum adoption for software start-up companies such as communication, team mindset, backlog refining, daily stand up, and retrospective meetings. In this research report, these issues are divided based on the factors such as organization, people, process, and tools. We have figured out these barriers using action research based on the observation done during the Scrum team meetings and through interviews and surveys.

There is a large part of the population today whose perception of Swedish political parties assumes a pronounced distrust. Often, this mistrust is linked to whether politicians act on the election promises made during the election campaigns. This is a view that opposition parties often encourage through negative criticism during election campaigns and media platforms. The paradox that arises then becomes markedly confusing because research actually shows that parties almost fulfill most of the election promises made.   Furthermore, a society characterized by widespread distrust of political activity risks gradually undermining the representative democracy system, which may lead to diminished democratic legitimacy. In the field of research, therefore, there is often talk of making knowledge regarding election promises more accessible to voters, who then may examine political activity more effectively themselves. The study has analyzed the Alliance's and the Social Democrats' election promise fulfillment during the mandate periods 2006-2010 and 2014-2018, through qualitative analysis of the election manifesto and data collection from the Riksdag's website. The aim was to investigate and compare which of these party organizations best achieved good representation during the alternative government periods through clear method choices that could present data in an easily accessible way.   The study arrives at a result that shows a balancing election promise fulfillment between the Alliance and the Social Democrats, with a small statistical advantage for the Alliance. It also shows how the Alliance has achieved a slightly better representation by succeeding in fulfilling more election promises in key policy areas that the party organization has given higher priority to during the election campaigns and election manifestos.

This essay examines the intersection of Valerie Solanas' radical feminist manifesto, the S.C.U.M. (Society of Cutting Up Men) manifesto, and her attempted assassination of Andy Warhol in 1968, proposing that the latter can be understood as a sophisticated piece of performance art. Solanas' manifesto, penned in 1967, challenged societal norms, advocating for the overthrow of patriarchal structures. Through a lens of performativity theory, which emphasizes the performative nature of language and actions, this essay reinterprets Solanas' actions as deliberate expressions of her feminist beliefs. Tracing Solanas' life, from her early struggles to her involvement in the avant-garde art scene of New York City, highlighting her interactions with Warhol's Factory and her provocative works. Solanas' attempted assassination of Warhol, while initially perceived as a psychotic act, is reframed as a conscious enactment of her manifesto's principles, challenging dominant power dynamics. By reframing the assassination attempt as a form of performance art, this essay sheds new light on Solanas' legacy, emphasizing the transformative potential of art as a tool for social critique and change. / Denna uppsats undersöker skärningspunkten mellan Valerie Solanas radikalfeministiska S.C.U.M. (Society of Cutting Up Men) manifestet, och hennes försök att mörda Andy Warhol 1968. Undersökningen framhåller att det senare kan studeras som ett sofistikerat performanceverk. Solanas manifest utmanade rådande normer och förespråkade avskaffandet av patriarkala strukturer. Genom ett nyttjande av performativitetsteorin, som betonar den performativa naturen av språk och handlingar, omvärderar denna uppsats Solanas handlingar som medvetna uttryck för hennes feministiska övertygelser. Solanas försök att mörda Warhol, som vid sin tid uppfattades som en psykotisk handling, omvärderas i texten som en medveten förkroppsligande av hennes manifestets principer. Att omvärdera mordförsöket som en form av performancekonst, lyser texten ett nytt ljus på Solanas arv och betonar konstens transformerande potential som ett verktyg för social kritik och förändring.

[ES] Desde la modernización de las sociedades urbanas a principios del siglo XX, las formas del entorno construido fueron influenciadas por poderes económicos y políticos más que por las necesidades sociales de la ciudadanía. Las consideraciones del espacio urbano como espacio material, espacio simbólico y espacio social han sido analizadas y criticadas bajo un pensamiento interdisciplinar y también desde una perspectiva de género que empezó a articularse con el surgimiento de la segunda ola del movimiento feminista, percibiendo el espacio urbano como construido por y para los hombres. En la presente tesis doctoral se propone una reflexión crítica sobre las dinámicas y los vestigios del poder en el espacio urbano, abordada desde una perspectiva de género. El objetivo de la tesis es determinar, analizar y representar artísticamente aquellas dinámicas del poder masculino que se manifiestan en las ciudades occidentales contemporáneas. La metodología de la investigación se basa en la creación artística mediante la cual se identifican y retroalimentan los conceptos teóricos abordados desde un enfoque multifacético y multidisciplinar. En la primera sección de la tesis se analizan las manifestaciones del poder patriarcal, simbólico e institucional en ciudades, presentadas en cinco capítulos temáticos. La segunda sección explora el espacio urbano mediante la creación artística del siglo XX, estructurada en seis capítulos, cada uno enfocado en un discurso artístico a través del cual nos enteramos de las relaciones del poder en la sociedad urbana del momento dado. Por último presentamos la propia producción artística, conceptualizada como un manifiesto feminista en formato visual, acompañado por textos poéticos y reivindicativos, reclamando el derecho de las mujeres a la ciudad y señalando los temas clave de la desigualdad de género mediante la creación artística multidisciplinaria. / [CA] Des de la modernització de les societats urbanes a principis del segle XX, les formes de l'entorn construït van ser influenciades pels poders econòmics i polítics més que per les necessitats socials de la ciutadania. Les consideracions de l'espai urbà com a espai material, espai simbòlic i espai social han sigut analitzades i criticades sota un pensament interdisciplinari i també des d'una perspectiva de gènere que va començar a articular-se amb el sorgiment de la segona ona del moviment feminista, percebent l'espai urbà com construït pels homes i per als homes. En la present tesi doctoral es proposa una reflexió crítica sobre les dinàmiques i els vestigis del poder en l'espai urbà, abordada des d'una perspectiva de gènere. L'objectiu de la tesi és determinar, analitzar i representar artísticament aquelles dinàmiques del poder masculí que es manifesten a les ciutats occidentals contemporànies. La metodologia de la investigació es basa en la creació artística mitjançant la qual s'identifiquen i retroalimenten els conceptes teòrics abordats des d'un enfocament multifacètic i multidisciplinari. En la primera secció de la tesi s'analitzen les manifestacions del poder patriarcal, simbòlic i institucional a les ciutats, presentades en cinc capítols temàtics. La segona secció explora l'espai urbà mitjançant la creació artística del segle XX, estructurada en sis capítols, cadascun enfocat en un discurs artístic a través del qual ens assabentem de les relacions del poder en la societat urbana del moment donat. Finalment presentem la pròpia producció artística, conceptualitzada com un manifest feminista en format visual, acompanyat per textos poètics i reivindicatius, reclamant el dret de les dones a la ciutat i assenyalant els temes clau de la desigualtat del gènere mitjançant la creació artística multidisciplinària. / [EN] Since the modernization of urban societies at the beginning of the 20th century, the forms of the built environment were influenced by economic and political powers rather than by social needs of citizens. The considerations of urban space as material space, symbolic space and social space have been analyzed and criticized under an interdisciplinary approach and also from a gender perspective, which began to be articulated with the emergence of the second wave of the feminist movement, perceiving urban space as built by and for men. This doctoral thesis proposes a critical reflection on the dynamics and vestiges of power in urban space, approached from a feminist perspective. The objective of the thesis is to determine, analyze and artistically represent those dynamics of male power that are manifested in contemporary western cities. Our research methodology is based on artistic creation that is guiding and mutually reflecting the theoretical concepts approached from a multifaceted and multidisciplinary viewpoint. In the first section of the thesis, manifestations of patriarchal, symbolic and institutional power in urban space are analyzed and presented in five thematic chapters. The second section explores the urban space through the artistic creation of the 20th century, structured in six chapters, each one of them focusing on an artistic discourse through which we learn about the power relations in the urban society of the given moment. Finally, we present our own artistic production, conceptualized as a feminist manifesto in a visual format, accompanied with poetic and declarative writings, claiming the right of women to the city and pointing out key issues of gender inequality through multidisciplinary artistic creation. / Binda Heiserová, S. (2022). El espacio urbano como un campo de poder. Reflexión feminista sobre la ciudad contemporánea a partir de la práctica artística [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/184667

This study aims to investigate the policy focus of Swedish parties in the two most recent European Parliament elections through a quantitative content analysis of the parties' election manifestos. The method for this analysis has been inspired by the well-known Comparative Manifesto Project. The information made available through the method has been analyzed within the framework of relevant theories in the field, namely Second-order Election theory and Issue Ownership theory, to examine whether this policy focus aligns with expected outcomes. Descriptive statistics show significant changes between the elections; for example, the length of the election manifestos has more than doubled on average. Theoretically, the statistical results can be said to align with expected outcomes. Each party places a significant emphasis on the issues in which they already have established credibility, which is the expected outcome according to Issue Ownership research. However, one party stands out in this regard: the Liberals. This is likely due to a combination of the fact that education issues are largely not decided within the European Parliament, while the Liberals have ambitious goals to be the most pro-EU party. This combination potentially affects the Liberals' results in the European Parliament elections negatively, given Second-order Election theories that argue the connection to the national arena is crucial for achieving good election results. The issue of the environment and climate stands out in that all parties, except the Sweden Democrats, place a significant emphasis on it, despite many parties not having high credibility in this area. This contradicts both Issue Ownership theory and Second-order Election theory. Potentially, the cross-border nature of the environment and climate issue is starting to change what we think we know about the connection between national and the European election.

The aim of this study is to analyse the Moderate Party and the Swedish Democrats idea development in the issue of migration in 2010-2018. The inquiry consists of the following two research questions. How has the Moderate Party and the Swedish Democrats positions regarding migration developed in 2010-2018? How can institutional theories explain the Moderate Party and the Swedish Democrats idea development? The study is encompassed by three theoretical perspectives also recognised as rational-choice institutionalism, historical institutionalism and discursive institutionalism. In regard to the methodological approach, the study employs the comparative case study design with the most-similar system and is essentially an idea analytical study. The main results reveal that both the Moderate Party and the Swedish Democrats have adjusted their migration policies but to different degrees. The Swedish Democrats promote similar policies in 2010 as in 2018 with smaller alterations while the Moderate Party has customised larger alterations, distinguishing the party’s migration policy from 2010 and 2018. These policy alterations are primarily explained as a result of rational action, societal discourses and critical junctures.