Submitted by MARCIA ROVADOSCHI (marciar@unifra.br) on 2018-08-22T13:25:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_VivianeRamosDaSilva.pdf: 8449645 bytes, checksum: ccaf1743af86a17f2df1921cd46fc121 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T13:25:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_VivianeRamosDaSilva.pdf: 8449645 bytes, checksum: ccaf1743af86a17f2df1921cd46fc121 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-23 / Admission of infants to school is the period of transition from care provided by the family system to care provided by the school system. It demands adaptation not only of the child, who is expected to interact with strangers in an unknown environment with new routines, but also of the family and the school because it requires reorganizations and transformations for all of them. The overall purpose of this study was to develop both a protocol, which aims to systematize the process of school admission of infants, and an explanatory folder as teaching tools. As specific objectives, the study aimed at the following: subsidizing the adherence of families to school as participants in the educational process; facilitating the admission process of infants from twelve to twenty-four months of age in a Centre for Early Childhood Education; verifying the relationship between maternal wellbeing and personality in the mothers’ and teachers’ perceptions regarding the adaption process of the infants to the school system; and analyzing the stability of two variables, which are “depressive symptoms” and “life satisfaction”. The study was based on a systematic literature review which focused on the relationships between the mothers' subjective wellbeing and the variations of child development. Furthermore, the link among life satisfaction, depressive symptoms and personality traits was analyzed through an empirical longitudinal study. It was developed between March and December of 2016 and investigated two educators and nine mothers of babies who joined a Centre for Early Childhood Education in the central region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul in the same year. Results found in previous studies have revealed the great influence of maternal wellbeing in the first years of a child’s life and the need to qualify the care provided to infants and young children in kindergartens and similar institutions. As a result, a protocol was organized to systematize the admission process of infants as well as an explanatory folder to be distributed in the Centre. Despite the extraordinary growth in Psychology studies on maternal health and child development, it has been found that the majority of them focus on the investigation of the symptoms and their effects, that is, they are based on the Traditional Psychology of a posteriori intervention. Therefore, this topic requires more studies of typical development, which aims at preventing misadjustments on behalf of children and their parents in order to increase subjective wellbeing, thus maximizing strengths and virtues of mothers or caregivers. / Inserção de bebês na escola é um período de transição dos cuidados prestados pelo sistema familiar para o sistema escolar. Exige adaptações não apenas da criança, que passa a conviver com pessoas estranhas em um ambiente desconhecido, com novas rotinas, mas também da família e da escola, pois, implica em reorganizações e transformações para todos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo geral desenvolver como ferramentas pedagógicas um protocolo de sistematização do processo de inserção escolar de bebês e um folder informativo. Como objetivos específicos, o estudo visou: subsidiar a adesão das famílias à escola como participantes do processo educacional; facilitar o processo de inserção de crianças de doze a vinte e quatro meses, no Centro de Educação Infantil; analisar a relação entre bem-estar materno e sua personalidade; verificar a percepção das mães e professoras, quanto ao processo de adaptação dos bebês ao sistema; analisar a estabilidade das variáveis ‘sintomas depressivos’ e ‘satisfação de vida’. Partiu-se de revisão sistemática de literatura sobre as relações entre bem-estar subjetivo das mães e variações de desenvolvimento infantil. Após, foi realizado um estudo empírico, longitudinal e verificou-se a relação entre satisfação de vida, sintomas depressivos e traços de personalidade com a adaptação de bebês. A coleta de dados se deu de março a dezembro de 2016, e contou com a participação de duas (2) educadoras e nove (9) mães de bebês que ingressaram em 2016, em um Centro de Educação Infantil da região central do Rio Grande do Sul. Os resultados indicaram a grande influência do bem-estar materno nos primeiros anos de vida e a necessidade de qualificação do atendimento prestado aos bebês e crianças pequenas em creches e instituições similares. Em vista disso, organizou-se um protocolo de sistematização do processo de inserção escolar de bebês e material informativo em formato de folder, para distribuição na instituição. Apesar do exponencial aumento de estudos na área da Psicologia sobre saúde materna e desenvolvimento infantil, percebeu-se que a maioria deles visa a investigar os sintomas e seus efeitos, ou seja, estão baseados na Psicologia Tradicional de intervenção à posteriori. Logo, destaca-se a necessidade de mais estudos envolvendo o desenvolvimento típico que busque a prevenção de desajustes em crianças e seus familiares, para a melhoria do Bem-estar subjetivo, potencializando forças e virtudes das mães ou cuidadores.

Orientadores: Andre Moreno Morcillo, Maria de Lurdes Zanolli / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T09:03:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carniel_EmiliadeFaria_M.pdf: 3329761 bytes, checksum: 2b3ef9dd422095dee80229098a1ab317 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Os Sistemas de Informação em Saúde são fundamentais para o conhecimento da situação de saúde da população e o direcionamento das políticas de saúde. O Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) do Ministério da Saúde, cujo instrumento de coleta de dados é a Declaração de Nascido Vivo (DNV), foi implantado com o intuito de obter informações para subsidiar propostas para o grupo materno-infantil. Por meio de estudo transversal, que analisou 14.444 DNVs de Campinas (SP) em 2001, estudou-se a viabilidade da utilização dos dados do SINASC para descrever o perfil de mães e recém-nascidos (RNs) e determinar fatores de risco para baixo peso de nascimento (BPN), parto cesáreo e gravidez na adolescência. Este perfil foi identificado por: local de ocorrência do parto, características sociodemográficas maternas, gestacionais, do parto e dos RNs. Os fatores de risco foram determinados pela correlação entre as variáveis, utilizando análise de regressão logística. A proporção de captação do SINASC foi de 99,1%, e as DNVs foram preenchidas em quase 100% dos itens. A maioria dos nascimentos ocorreu em hospitais, sendo o maior percentual de filhos de moradoras das áreas dos Distritos de Saúde (DS) Noroeste e Sudoeste (com baixas condições de vida), onde ocorreram os piores resultados. O percentual de mães adolescentes foi de 17,8%; a maior concentração de nascimentos foi para mulheres com 20 a 34 anos; 60,6% não trabalhavam fora, 35,9% não tinham companheiro, 37,8% tinham até sete anos de escolaridade e 47,1%, de oito a onze anos. A paridade foi variável, sendo a maior ocorrência entre mulheres sem filhos ou com um; 99,6% compareceram pelo menos uma vez ao pré-natal; 74,4% realizaram mais de seis consultas. Associou-se à gravidez na adolescência: morar em DS com baixas condições de vida, não ter ocupação ou companheiro. As adolescentes grávidas apresentaram risco de pré-natal inadequado. A maioria das gestações foram únicas, a termo, com RNs masculinos, brancos, com pequena proporção de hipóxia e com 1,0% de anomalias. O percentual de prematuridade foi de 7,1%. Houve alta incidência de cesarianas, sendo maior o risco nas gestações duplas e nos partos prematuros e para mulheres com companheiro, as maiores de 20 anos, as com melhor escolaridade, as trabalhadoras fora do lar, as moradoras em DS com melhores condições, as com mais consultas, as primíparas, com um ou dois filhos. A média de peso ao nascer foi 3.142g; 25,7% dos RNs nasceram com peso insuficiente e 9,1% com baixo peso. Associou-se ao BPN: prematuridade, baixa escolaridade materna, menos de sete consultas e RNs femininos. A configuração da DNV não permitiu identificar partos da rede pública ou da rede privada e incluir adequadamente as mulheres em união consensual. Os agrupamentos do número de consultas de pré-natal não estão de acordo com o parâmetro do Ministério da Saúde. Este estudo mostrou que há viabilidade da utilização dos dados do SINASC para o planejamento de ações de saúde. Além disso, a distribuição dos resultados, pelos diferentes DS, mostrou que o perfil do grupo materno-infantil não é homogêneo na cidade / Abstract: Health Information Systems are fundamental to the knowledge of health status of the population and to manage health policies. The Information System on Live Births (SINASC) was developed by the Brazilian Health Ministry and designed to improve quality of information on newborns and on pregnant women, in order to support health proposals to infant-maternal group. This system has been implemented since 1990 and Live Birth Certificate (LBC) is the document to collect data. Throughout a cross-sectional study 14,444 LBC from the city of Campinas, SP, in 2001, were analysed in order to determine SINASC's viability. Mothers' and newborns' profiles were described and risk factors for low birth weight (LBW), caesarean-sections and pregnancy in adolescence were showed. The profiles were described according to mothers¿ social-demographic characteristics and those related to their pregnancies and to the newborns. The assessment of the association among variables was performed through logistic regression. The study showed excellent coverage of the SINASC (99.1%) and almost 100% of the variables were filled. Most of the births occured in health services of the city and the higher proportion was of babies from women who lived in Health District (HD) Northwest and Southwest (in low conditions of life), where the worst results occured. The percentage of adolescent mothers were 17.8%; the highest proportion of births was among women between 20 and 34 years old; 60.6% of all mothers didn't have jobs, 35.9% were single; 37.8% studied until seven years and 47.1% studied for about eight and eleven years. The number of children were variable, but the higher concentration was on women with no children or just one. Almost all women at least had one prenatal care appointment; 74.4% had more than six medical visits. Pregnancy in adolescence was associated with women living in low conditions of life, without husbands or incomes and who had inadequate prenatal care. Most of the gestations were single and the babies were mature, most of them were male, white, born with a low proportion of hipoxia and 1% of them showed malformations. The percentage of premature babies were 7.1%. The incidence of caesarean-sections was very high (54.9%) and the risk factors for them were: twin gestations, premature birth and women with husbands, having better education level, with jobs, living in good places, having more prenatal care visits, with no children and with one or two. The average birth weight was 3,142g; 25.7% of the babies were born weighing between 2,500g and 2,999g and 9.1% of them weighing less than 2,500g. The risk factors for LBW were: premature birth, low educational level, less than seven prenatal care visits and female baby. This study showed the viability of SINASC to help plan health activities for the infant maternal group. Furthermore, the results in different HD, showed that the mothers¿ and newborns¿ characteristics are different in the city / Mestrado / Saude da Criança e do Adolescente / Mestre em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente

Orientador: Regina Yu Shon Chun / Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T06:43:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Meira_DeniseSayuriMaruo_M.pdf: 2428503 bytes, checksum: 25cfeeea5c3265a70b9872f56f4588d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Introdução: O predomínio do componente neonatal sobre o pós-natal na mortalidade infantil, nas décadas de 1980 e 90 no Brasil, trouxe em evidência a elevada proporção de óbitos evitáveis e a importância da qualidade assistencial mãe-bebê. A especialização, o desenvolvimento de tecnologias, a valorização e capacitação de recursos humanos além do estabelecimento de políticas públicas de saúde voltadas à Atenção Materno-Infantil contribuíram para maior sobrevida de bebês com graves intercorrências perinatais. Tais fatos contribuíram para a criação de Ambulatórios de Follow Up, proporcionado por programas longitudinais como o Centro de Referência em Desenvolvimento Infantil Fênix - CRDI (Campinas, SP, Brasil). O serviço segue as diretrizes da Política Nacional de Humanização, buscando superar a fragmentação da rede e do processo de trabalho e recebeu reconhecimento do Ministério da Saúde em 2006, tendo sido inserido no Banco de Projetos do Humanizasus. O Programa Nacional Avaliação de Serviços de Saúde alerta sobre a importância de mecanismos de avaliação e de controle da qualidade assistencial bem como da opinião daqueles aos quais os serviços se destinam. Assim, este estudo volta-se à avaliação desse Programa por meio da análise de indicadores de avaliação do serviço e da perspectiva do cuidador. Objetivo: Avaliar a assistência do CRDI-FÊNIX por meio de (i) indicadores de oferta (capacidade de oferta do serviço), da demanda de encaminhamento e de chegada, de cobertura (proporção da população-alvo atingida pelo programa/intervenção), e de utilização (proporção de uso do serviço da população alvo) e (ii) entrada, acompanhamento multidisciplinar, qualidade e resolutividade da assistência e vínculo entre usuário/cuidador/equipe na opinião do cuidador. Sujeitos e métodos: Trata-se de pesquisa retrospectiva aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa. Foi feito levantamento dos sujeitos que receberam alta de junho de 2005 a julho de 2006 para constituição do corpus e caracterização do perfil da população atendida. Resultados: Os prontuários caracterizaram os bebês quanto a: local de moradia, tempo médio de seguimento e profissionais envolvidos na assistência. A adesão foi de 53% dos sujeitos e demanda de encaminhamento da maternidade de referência de 28,77%. A demanda de chegada ao serviço foi de 83,22% e a capacidade de oferta estimada em 140 bebês/ano. Verifica-se que do total de nascimentos, 10,74% dos bebês foram encaminhados para cuidados intensivos e intermediários, sendo que 6,09% pertenciam ao Sistema Único de Saúde. Desses, chegaram ao serviço 1,60% por apresentarem risco para alteração no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor. A utilização integral do serviço foi de 52,78% e a parcial, 47,22%. Os cuidadores indicam satisfação quanto a qualidade, resolutividade da assistência e a importância do acompanhamento multidisciplinar. Conclusão: Os achados mostram a eficácia dos indicadores estudados e reiteram a importância da escuta e do acolhimento ao usuário em uma perspectiva humanizada e integral, mostrando-se como ferramentas fundamentais para conhecimento e avaliação do serviço. A responsabilização dos diferentes sujeitos implicados no processo dessa rede de cuidados contribui para desburocratização da assistência e para maior autonomia dos atores envolvidos, exercendo-se a humanização, como proposta pelas políticas vigentes / Abstract: Introduction: The prevalence of the neonatal component over the post-neonatal in infant mortality, in the decades of 1980 and 1990 in Brazil, showed the high proportion of avoidable deaths and the importance of the care quality mother-baby. The specialization, the development of technologies, the valuing and capacity of human resources in addition to the establishment of public health policies aiming the Mother-Child attention, contributed for a highest survival of babies with severe perinatal interferences. These facts contributed to the creation of High-risk Infant Follow-up Program , provided by longitudinal programs such as the Fenix Reference Center in Children Development - CRDI (Campinas, SP, Brazil). The service follows the guidelines from the National Policy of Humanization, aiming to overcome the system and work process fragmentation and was recognized by the Ministry of Health in 2006, being inserted in Humanizasus projects database. The National Program of Health Services Assessment warns about the importance of assessment tools and of assistential quality control such as the opinion of those at whom the service is aimed. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate this program through the analysis of the service assessment indicators and the caregiver perspective. Objective: To evaluate the assistance of CRDI-FENIX through (i) provision indicators (capacity of service provision), incoming and referral demand, coverage (proportion of target population that is assisted by the program/intervention) and use (proportion of the service use by target population) and (ii) incoming, multidisciplinary assistance, quality assistence, solving assistance and attachment between the user/caregiver/staff according to the caregiver opinion. Subjects and methods: This is a retrospective research approved by Research Ethics Committee. A survey was done on subjects that received medical discharge during the period of June 2005 to July 2006, composing the corpus and the population characterization. For the analysis of the target population that was assisted by the program, it were used data from July 2007 to June 2008, since the reference maternity did not have the data from 2005 and 2006. Results: The subject records categorized the babies according to: the place of their residences, average period of assistance, and professional involved in assistance. The adherence was of 53% and referral demand from the reference maternity was 28.77%. The incoming demand to the service was 83.22% and the offer capacity estimated of 140 babies per year. The results showed that from the total of the new bourns, 10,74% need intensive care, from that 6,09% are dependent from the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) and 1.6% arrived at the service. The integral use of the service was 52.78% and parcial 47.22%. The caregivers showed satisfaction regarding the quality and solving of the assistance, and the importance of the multidisciplinary assistance. Conclusion: The findings revealed the efficiency of the indicators studied and reiterate the importance of the user's listening and embracement according to a humanized and integral perspective, considered as important tools to know and evaluate the service. The responsibility of the different subjects involved in the process of this care network contributes for the disbureaucracy of the assistance and for a greater independence of the people involved, considering the humanization as a proposal from the current politics / Mestrado / Saude, Interdisciplinaridade e Reabilitação / Mestre em Saúde, Interdisciplinaridade e Reabilitação

Objetivos: Verificar os efeitos do acompanhamento fonoaudiológico no desenvolvimento das habilidades de alimentação do bebê no primeiro ano de vida. Métodos: Estudo de coorte prospectivo realizado entre abril de 2010 a maio de 2011, com binômios mãe/bebê inicialmente em uma maternidade na zona sul do município de São Paulo e acompanhados durante 12 meses. O grupo estudo foi constituído de RNs com 24 a 48 horas de vida, filhos de mães primigestas e maiores de 18 anos de idade, com escore 11 de acordo com o Escala de Avaliação Motora-Oral em Berçário, submetidos a acompanhamento fonoaudiológico. O grupo controle foi obtido de bebês nascidos na mesma maternidade, com APGAR 9 e > 2.500g., de mães com mesmas características, contatadas aos 12 meses. Resultados: A prevalência de desmame foi semelhante em ambos os grupos, entretanto o aleitamento materno apresentou Md de 7m e 5m nos grupos estudo e controle respectivamente (p=0,04). A introdução da consistência alimentar sólida foi em média 7,8m e 9,6m (p<0,01). Os copos de transição foram utilizados por 92,9% e 70,2% (p=0,01) e canudos por 59,5% e 27,7% (p=0,003). A prevalência do uso de chupeta foi 54,0% e 27,7% (p=0,01) aos 12 meses. Conclusões: O grupo acompanhado mostrou melhora no desempenho do aleitamento materno aos 2 meses. Comparado ao grupo controle, apresentou desmame mais tardio; redução do tempo de introdução da consistência sólida, mais utilização dos utensílios e menor prevalência do uso de chupeta aos 12m / Objectives: Investigate the effects of speech therapy in the development of feeding skills of the baby in the first year of life Methods: A prospective cohort study between April 2010 and May 2011 whit mother / baby binomial in a maternity hospital in the southern area of São Paulo and followed during 12 months. The study group consisted of newborns with 24 to 48 hours of life, children of primigravid mothers older than 18 years of age, wich had a score 11 according to the Oral-Motor in Nursery Assessment Scale undergoing speech therapy. The control group was obtained from babies born at the same hospital, with Apgar 9 and > 2,500 g, from mothers with similar characteristics who were contacted at 12 months. Results: The prevalence of weaning was similar in both groups, however breastfeeding presented Md of 7m and 5m in the study and control groups respectively (p = 0.04). The introduction of solid consistency food was at 7.8 m and 9.6 m (p <0.01). The glass transition were used by 92.9% and 70.2% (p = 0.01) and straws by 59.5% and 27.7% (p = 0.003). The prevalence of pacifier use was 54.0% and 27.7% (p = 0.01) at 12 months. Conclusions: The study group, compared to the control, presented: improvement in the performance of breastfeeding at 2 months, later weaning, reducing time for introduction of solid consistency food, wider use of utensils and lower prevalence of pacifier use at 12m

While the health sector has attracted significant foreign aid, evidence on the effectiveness of this support is mixed. This dissertation examines the allocation of health aid within the context of placement, service utilization, and benefit. The first paper examined the sub-national allocation of Chinese development aid projects across Africa. I determined how political preferencing of Chinese aid specifically, allocating aid to the birth region of the current political leader differs across sectors such as health, education, and transportation. I find some evidence that aid, more broadly defined, is subject to political preferencing in recipient countries, which could potentially limit its intended effects. The second paper examines the influence of health aid on malaria service utilization in Malawi. It tests the hypothesis that health aid boosts a facility’s readiness to provide malaria services, thereby increasing the utilization of malaria services in a facility’s service area. Findings indicate that while increased health aid is associated with increased health facility readiness to diagnose malaria, these improvements are not generally related to increased health care utilization. The final project focuses on population level health effects of health aid placement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, specifically whether all‐cause child mortality is lower in regions receiving malarial aid interventions. Among the most promising evidence xi found on the potential benefit of health aid is that investments, such as malaria bed nets, are associated with reductions in child mortality, particularly in rural settings and among those with low malaria burden. These latter findings suggest health aid should be carefully targeted and should consider local disease risks to fully realize the benefits of population‐level improvements in child health. When taken together, my findings indicate that health aid is positively associated with limited improvements in health outcomes. Overall, these results support a need for researchers to avoid the temptation to aggregate aid flows and health outcomes at the country level, and instead examine sector‐specific aid flows at the lowest sub-national geographic unit possible in order to inform policies designed to allocate health aid.

Magister Public Health - MPH / Background: Globally, neonatal mortality (i.e. deaths occurring during the first month of life) accounts for 44% of the 11 million infants that die every year (Lawn, Cousens Zupan, 2005). Early detection of illness and referral of mothers and infants during the peri-natal period to higher levels of care can lead to substantial reductions in maternal and child mortality in developing countries. Establishing effective referral systems from the community to health facilities can be achieved through greater utilization of community health workers and improved health seeking behaviour. Study design: The Good Start Saving Newborn Lives study being conducted in Umlazi, KwaZulu-Natal, is a community randomized trial to assess the effect of an integrated home visit package delivered to mothers during pregnancy and post delivery on uptake of PMTCT interventions and appropriate newborn care practices. The home visit package is delivered by community health workers in fifteen intervention clusters. Control clusters receive routine health facility antenatal and postpartum care. For any identified danger signs during a home visit, community health workers write a referral and if necessary refer infants to a local clinic or hospital. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of this referral system by describing community health worker referral completion rates as well as health-care seeking practices and perceptions of mothers. A cross- sectional survey was undertaken using a structured questionnaire with all mothers who had been referred to a clinic or hospital by a community health worker since the start of the Good Start Saving Newborn Lives Trial. Data collection: Informed consent was obtained from willing participants. Interviews were conducted by a trained research assistant in the mothers home or at the study offices. Road to Health Cards were reviewed to confirm referral completion. Data was collected by means of a cell phone (mobile researcher software) and the database was later transferred to Epi-info and STATA IC 11 for analysis. Descriptive analysis was conducted so as to establish associations between explanatory factors and referral completion and to describe referral processes experienced by caregivers. Significant associations between categorical variables were assessed using chi square tests and continuous variables using analysis of variance. Results: A total of 2423 women were enrolled in the SNL study and 148 had received a referral for a sick infant by a CHW by June 2010. The majority (95%) of infants were referred only once during the time of enrolment, the highest number of which occurred within the first 4 weeks of life (62%) with 22% of these being between birth and 2 weeks of age. Almost all mothers (95%) completed the referral by taking their child to a health facility. Difficulty in breathing and rash accounted for the highest number of referrals (26% and 19% respectively). None of the six mothers who did not complete referral recognised any danger signs in their infants. In only 16% of cases did a health worker give written feedback on the outcome of the referral to the referring CHW. Conclusion: This study found high compliance with referrals for sick infants by community health workers in Umlazi. This supports the current primary health care re-engineering process being undertaken by the South African National Department of Health (SANDOH) which will involve the establishment of family health worker teams including community health workers. A key function of these workers will be to conduct antenatal and postnatal visits to women in their homes and to identify and refer ill children. Failure of mothers to identify danger signs in the infant was associated with non-completion of referral. This highlights the need for thorough counseling of mothers during the antenatal and early postnatal period on neonatal danger signs which can be reinforced by community health workers. Most of the referrals in this study were neonates which strengthens the need for home visit packages delivered by community health workers during the antenatal and post-natal period as currently planned by the South African National Department of Health.Recommendations: This study supports the current plans of the Department of Health for greater involvement of CHWs in Primary Health Care. Attention should be given to improving communication between health facilities and CHWs to ensure continuity of care and greater realization of a team approach to PHC. / South Africa

Obesity and related chronic diseases are emerging public health issues among children in Peru, where more than 13 percent of children five years and younger are overweight or obese. Although parents have been identified as one of the most important determinants of healthy weight in young children, there are no known studies that have explored the perceptions of Peruvian parents regarding obesity prevention. This study assessed the nutrition and physical activity knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of Peruvian parents, and sought to determine if there is a relationship between their knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. The cross-sectional survey study sampled 204 parents of three and four-year-old children attending five preschools in a resource-poor Southern Lima setting. The Pen-3 cultural model guided the assessment of parental characteristics using the BAQ-HH survey across three domains; knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding diet and physical activity. Additional data was abstracted from school records to assess children’s BMI and compare parental perceptions of child’s weight with child’s measured weight status. Parent respondents were predominantly female (86%) between 20 and 39 years old (85.1%). Less than one third (30.5%) were receiving information about nutrition or physical activity. Data was available for 147 children of the participants, 53.7 % were female with a mean age of 49.4 months and a mean BMI of 16.7. Nearly half the children (41.3%) exceeded healthy weight. Parents demonstrated healthy knowledge and behaviors, but unhealthy attitudes. Parental knowledge and attitudes were predictive of behaviors (F(2,166)=5.826, p=0.004, R2=0.066). The majority (56.6%) of Peruvian parents accurately perceived their child’s weight status but 9.6% of parents of overweight and obese children were able to do so. Understanding the nutrition and physical activity knowledge and perceptions of Peruvian preschooler parents can advance local and national health ministry and public health obesity prevention initiatives for young children.

Orientador: Maria Filomena de Gouveia Vilela / Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T14:42:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernandes_RobertaZanelliSartori_M.pdf: 2377711 bytes, checksum: 256d7e69dbc034416b6185eb2e71d751 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: As mortalidades materna e infantil têm sido objeto de análise ao longo da história da saúde coletiva no Brasil e diversos têm sido as estratégias de enfrentamento propostas. O Ministério da Saúde tem trabalhado neste sentido, sendo a estratégia da Rede Cegonha a mais recente política neste contexto. Tendo em vista o princípio da integralidade e a conformação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) em redes de atenção faz-se necessário efetivar a integração de práticas em saúde desenvolvidas, dentre as quais estão as ações de vigilância sanitária (Visa). Considerando que a integração de práticas assistenciais e de Visa pode contribuir para reduzir as taxas de mortalidade citadas, o presente estudo é decorrente de uma pesquisa qualitativa que analisou a integração destas ações em quatro municípios do Estado de São Paulo: Campinas, Indaiatuba, Jaguariúna e Santa Bárbara D¿Oeste. A pesquisa foi realizada através de entrevistas com gestores de Visa e de saúde materna e os dados foram analisados a partir da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados convergem com outros estudos, identificando o isolamento de práticas assistenciais e de Visa. A inserção da Visa nos espaços coletivos de gestão mostra-se estratégia em potencial para o planejamento e execução das ações de saúde no contexto estudado / Abstract: Maternal and child mortality have been object of analysis throughout the history of public health in Brazil and several coping strategies have been proposed so far. The Health Ministry has been working in this direction , with the strategy of "Rede Cegonha", the latest policy in this context. Given the principle of comprehensive health care and the conformation of the Brazilian Públic Health System (SUS) in attention networks, it is necessary to carry out the integration of health practices developed, among which are the sanitary surveillance actions (SSA).Whereas the integration of care practices and SSA in the context of "Rede Cegonha" can contribute to improvements in mortality rates, this article is a result of a qualitative research aimed to analyze the integration of these actions in four cities of the State of São Paulo: Campinas , Indaiatuba, Jaguariúna and Santa Bárbara D'Oeste. The survey was conducted through interviews with SSA and maternal health managers, and the data were analyzed through thematic analysis . The results converge with other studies , identifying the isolation of care practices and SSA. The insertion of SSA in collective management strategies proves a potential strategy for planning and implementation of health actions in the studied context / Mestrado / Política, Planejamento e Gestão em Saúde / Mestra em Saúde Coletiva

Introdução: No Brasil, a elevada taxa de cesárea, o uso excessivo e rotineiro de intervenções no parto vaginal, as taxas elevadas de morbimortalidade materna e a inobservância de direitos básicos das mulheres são pontos críticos da assistência obstétrica. No plano internacional, as evidências de que a assistência pode causar danos promoveu o movimento pela segurança da paciente, com a criação de estratégia inovadora para a promoção do cuidado livre de danos (harm free care). Este compreende o dano a partir da perspectiva da paciente, medido por meio de termômetros de segurança. Objetivos: Verificar a frequência, e fatores associados, de danos causados pela assistência às puérperas e aos recém-nascidos do Sudeste brasileiro durante e após o parto, e a associação destes danos com sintomas de depressão pós-parto (DPP) entre 2011 e 2012. Método: A partir do Nascer no Brasil: Inquérito Nacional sobre Parto e Nascimento, verificou-se a frequência dos cinco danos previstos no Termômetro de Segurança da Maternidade (TSM), utilizado neste estudo como referência. Também se verificou a prevalência de DPP nas puérperas da Região Sudeste do Brasil (n=10.155), com até um ano de pós-parto, utilizando-se a Escala de Depressão Pós-parto de Edimburgo (EPDS). Resultados: Entre os danos, separação mãe-bebê, cesarianas e traumas perineais foram aqueles que apresentaram maior frequência (69,5 por cento , 52,6 por cento e 37,5 por cento , respectivamente). Relatos de desrespeito, abuso e maus-tratos foram observados em 44,6 por cento das mulheres. O cuidado livre de dano correspondeu a 2 por cento . Ter sofrido uma cesariana dobrou a chance de ter um dano (OR:2,21; IC95 por cento 1,20 - 4,07), e quadruplicou a chance de ter dois ou mais danos (OR:4,08; IC95 por cento 2,27 - 7,32). A prevalência de casos prováveis de DPP foi de 25,8 por cento . Entre os fatores de risco associados, identificaram-se fonte de pagamento pública (OR=1,80; IC95 por cento 1,44 - 2,23); ensino fundamental incompleto ou completo (OR:1,64; IC95 por cento 1,37 - 1,96); ser das classes C, D ou E (OR:1,24; IC95 por cento 1,02 - 1,50); fumar durante a gestação (OR:1,62; IC95 por cento 1,20 - 2,18); não desejar engravidar naquele momento (OR:1,52; IC95 por cento 1,22 - 1,90); ter tido uma ou duas (OR:1,55; IC95 por cento 1,24 - 1,94) e três ou mais gestações anteriores (OR:2,10; IC95 por cento 1,52 - 2,90); referir a experiência do parto como regular, ruim ou péssima (OR:1,47; IC95 por cento 1,12 - 1,93) e ter sofrido três danos no TSM (OR:1,35; IC95 por cento 1,12 - 1,62) e quatro ou mais danos (OR:2,81; IC95 por cento 1,90 - 4,16). Conclusão: A assistência ao parto, na Região Sudeste do Brasil, promove alta frequência de danos evitáveis, tratando-se de importante problema de saúde pública. O cuidado livre de dano é exceção no Brasil (2 por cento ). Fatores socioeconômicos estão associados à DPP, assim como fatores relacionados à assistência ao parto, especialmente quando ocorridos em hospital público. Fatores de risco que indicam vulnerabilidade individual ou que estão relacionados a paridade também se mostraram associados / Introduction: In Brazil, the high rates of cesarean section, the excessive and routine use of interventions in labor, the high rates of maternal morbidity and mortality, and the non-observance of basic human rights are critical points of obstetric care. At the international level, however, evidence that assistance can cause harm has given rise to a patient safety movement, which in turn has led to an innovative strategy being created to promote harm free care, based on the understanding of harm from the patients perspective and on \"safety thermometers\". Objectives: To verify the frequency and the associated factors of harm caused by care, to southeastern Brazilian postpartum women and their newborns during and after childbirth, and the association of these harms with symptoms of postpartum depression (PPD) between 2011 and 2012. Method: This study searched the Born in Brazil Survey database for the five harms under the Maternity Safety Thermometer (MST), which was used as a reference. The prevalence of PPD in postpartum women in the southeastern region of Brazil (n = 10,155) was also verified, up until one year postpartum, using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS). Results: Among all harms, mother-baby separation, cesarean sections, and trauma to the perineum ranked highest in frequency (69.5 per cent , 52.6 per cent , and 37.5 per cent , respectively). Reports of disrespect, abuse and mistreatment (DAMT) were observed in 44.6 per cent . Harm-free care totaled less than 2 per cent . Having a cesarean section doubled the chance of a harm (OR: 2.21, 95 per cent CI 1.20 - 4.07), and quadrupled the chance of two or more harms (OR: 4.08; 95 per cent CI 2.27-7.32). The prevalence of probable cases of PPD was 25.8 per cent . Among the associated risk factors, this study found: public payment sources (OR = 1.80, 95 per cent CI 1.44-2.23); incomplete or incomplete elementary schooling (OR: 1.64; 95 per cent CI 1.37-1.96); lower income brackets (C, D, or E) (OR: 1.24, IC95 per cent 1.02 - 1.50); smoking during pregnancy (OR: 1.62; 95 per cent CI: 1.20 - 2.18); not wanting to become pregnant (OR: 1.52; 95 per cent CI 1.22-1.90); having one or two (OR: 1.55, 95 per cent CI 1.24-1.94) or three or more previous pregnancies (OR: 2.10; 95 per cent CI 1.52-2.90); considering the birth experience fair, bad or very bad (OR: 1.47, 95 per cent CI 1.12-1.93), having suffered three MST-listed harms (OR: 1.35, 95 per cent CI, 1.12-1, 62), and having suffered four or more harms (OR: 2.81; 95 per cent CI: 1.90 - 4.16). Conclusion: Childbirth care in the southeastern Brazil, the most developed region in the country, is marked by a high frequency of preventable damages, which translates as a significant public health problem. Harm free care is an exception in Brazil (2 per cent ). Socioeconomic factors are associated with PPD, as well as factors related to childbirth care, especially when birth takes place in a public hospital. Risk factors that indicate individual vulnerability or risk factor related to parity are also associated

Introduction: ReadNPlay for a Bright Future is an initiative developed by the East Tennessee State University (ETSU) pediatricians and partners, to promote healthy active living among families with young children. The project includes giving families a packet with a baby book and a tips booklet when they bring their young children to the pediatrician's office for the newborn visit. My Baby Book is based on Bright Futures guidelines and contains age-appropriate advice on keeping babies healthy, sharing books, eating healthy, preventing injury, and being active as a family, as well as space to record special memories and milestones. The vision of this project is to encourage families in the region to Play More, Play Together, Play Safely, and have Fuel to Play. Methodology: In January 2013, anonymous surveys in English or Spanish were administered to a sample of 80 mothers of infants under 24 months of age during well child visits at the ETSU Pediatric Clinic. This served as the pre-intervention survey to assess baseline self-reported behaviors of mothers and infants before the intervention (My Baby Book) was implemented. 3 follow up surveys were carried out in July 2013, April 2014 and July 2015 respectively to collect post-intervention data. Questions centered around screen time, physical activity, injury prevention, and healthy eating. Pre-intervention data was compared to post-intervention data consisting of the 3 follow up surveys combined together to determine the effectiveness of the ReadNPlay project. Data was collected using Epi Info and Excel and analyzed with SPSS. Results: The total sample size was 80 at each time point. Majority of the mothers are beneficiaries of the Women, Infants and Children (WIC) program. Preliminary results include that there was a 5.28% decrease in the number of mothers who reported spending more than 20 hours/week watching TV or videos; 4.22% increase in the number of mothers who spent at least 3 hours/week being engaged in light/moderate recreational activities; 14.35% increase in the number of mothers who spent at least 2 hours engaged in vigorous recreational activities or sports; 3% increase in the number of mothers who spent at least 3 hours/week walking for fun/exercise, and a 3.3% increase in the number of mothers who breastfed their children for at least 6 months. Among infants, a 6.39% decrease in hospital visits for injuries was reported as well as 8.23% increase in the number of infants who had no screen time. Conclusion: Limitations of this study include lack of a control group, potential for cohort effect, and the self-reported nature of the data collection. ReadNPlay for a Bright has subsequently been expanded to include distribution of a ReadNPlay children’s book series, development of a mobile application based on My Baby Book, and development of regular healthy active living community events and support groups to link families to in the region. A longitudinal evaluation of the program including several different clinics in the region is underway.