With many legacy news media brands struggling to maintain relevance and financial support, they are looking to social networks to connect with new audiences. The video sharing platform TikTok has experienced rapid growth in recent years and has a strong user base of Gen Z users which are a demographic which legacy news media are increasingly attempting to engage with. A number of legacy news media brands have established a presence on TikTok and begun experimenting with different formats. While there have been a few more general analyses of informational content on TikTok, no research to date has focused specifically on how different text elements are used for conveying news. This thesis addresses this gap through investigating how legacy news media (newspapers and TV) are using text, closed captions, and captions on TikTok. Moreover, styles of communication and TikTok editorial tools used by legacy news media are examined in detail. These elements are explored using a quantitative content analysis which analyses 200 videos from eight popular legacy news media brands from the USA, Britain, and Australia. Social media logic and functions specific to TikTok are used as a framework to analyze the problem, with the results showing that most of the legacy news media accounts have somewhat adopted social media logic in their use of text elements on TikTok.

In the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic, a trend of Instagram as a news source emerged in the Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2020 (Reuters, 2020). Instagram’s visual factor has made accessing news more feasible and convenient through a curated feed. Consequently, news producers are migrating to social media platforms, including Instagram to serve news consumption needs. However, journalism on social media has been criticized for its lack of journalistic legitimacy where media trust is challenged by the sensationalism of news to drive engagement metrics. Moreover, the COVID-19 infodemic (WHO, 2020) has escalated the concern of news credibility due to a circulation of misinformation regarding the pandemic and overwhelming citizens. Hence, the objective of this study is to analyze how a news outlet on Instagram maintains journalistic legitimacy and how Instagram users navigate news through information abundance in finding credible and trustworthy news.  The analysis of this study takes into account an Indonesian news outlet on Instagram called Narasi Newsroom, by interviewing a representative from the news producer, a content analysis of their news content, and interviewing Indonesian Instagram users. The empirical findings illustrate how Narasi Newsroom can revive journalistic legitimacy through an innovative approach without diminishing journalism quality on Instagram. With its principle of educating the audience to understand the news beyond factual statements, Narasi Newsroom’s strategy of riding the wave to serve audience needs upholds journalism values through critical thinking and credible sources. By conducting the study through updating the encoding/decoding model (Hall, 1973; 2009), it was found that the social media logic (Dijck & Poell, 2013) can balance journalism practice on Instagram as well as practices critical thinking for news consumers in finding trustworthy news. In light of the post-truth era, media trust and news credibility may be challenged, however, they are not lost when journalism on social media takes accountability to serve news consumers’ needs. Consequently, it takes both the news producers and consumers to take a critical stance to preserve trust in the news.

Public service definieras som ”i allmänhetens tjänst” och innebär att de ska finnas där för alla. Däremot har det visat sig att delar av allmänheten har tappat ett intresse och ifrågasatt dess koncept. Millennieskiftet var en vändning för digitala tjänster vilket ökade chanserna för allmänheten att medverka i skapandet av programproduktioner. Uppsatsens syfte är att öka förståelse om, när, hur och i vilken utsträckning SVT inkluderar medverkare genom medietekniska medel. Studien genomfördes med hjälp av tre kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer och en rekonstruktionsintervju. De kvalitativa intervjuerna gav en överblick över produktionen vilket i sin tur gav grund för en att få en inblick i produktionen med hjälp av rekonstruktionsintervjun. Studien resulterade till en överblick av flera programproduktioner, ett konkret fall av programmet Jobbigt och vilka aktuella möjligheter och utmaningar SVT har inför en medverkan med allmänheten. Slutsatsen påvisade att SVT i nuläget möjliggör främst deltagaraktiviteter via deltagarformen ackumulering och använder till en viss del av medverkarnas bidrag i programproduktionen. Detta sker mest i fasen före produktionen och minst i fasen under produktionen. Det visade sig också att SVT är i pågående utveckling av produktioner som utforskar medietekniska medel samt att SVT använder både externa och interna plattformar för inkludering av medverkare. SVT:s främsta utmaningen är att dem står med ena benet i traditionellt skapande och det andra benet i modern deltagarkultur. På så vis saknar hela organisationen en gemensam idé om hur de vill eller inte vill inkludera medverkare. Utifrån från deltagarkulturen är SVT:s utmaning att finnas där för alla och leverera tekniska förutsättningar och deltagarformer. Om SVT sänker kvalitén på det tekniska kravet och fokuserar på engagemanget finns det en affärsmöjlighet för SVT. / Public service is defined as "the public’s interest" and means that it should be there for everyone. However, it has become apparent that parts of the public have lost interest and question the concept of it. The millennium was a turning point for digital services which increased the chances for the public to participate in the creation of productions. The aim of the paper is to increase understanding of it, how, when, and to what extent SVT includes participants through media technology means. The study was conducted using three qualitative semi-structured interviews and one reconstructive interview. The qualitative interviews provided an overview of the production, which in turn provided a basis for gaining an insight into the production using the reconstruction interview. The study resulted in an overview of several productions, a concrete case of the Jobbigt and what current opportunities and challenges SVT faces in engaging with the public. The conclusion demonstrated that SVT currently enables participatory activities mainly through the participatory form of accumulation and uses to some extent the contributions of the participants in the production. This is done mostly in the pre- production phase and least in the last production phase. It was also found that SVT is in the process of developing productions that explore media technology means and that SVT uses both external and internal platforms for inclusion of participants. SVT's main challenge is that they have one leg in traditional creation and the other leg in modern participatory culture. Thus, the whole organization lacks a common idea of how they want or do not want to include participants. From the perspective of participatory culture, SVT's main challenge is to be there for everyone and deliver technical conditions and participatory forms. If SVT lowers the quality of the technical requirement and focuses on engagement, there is a business opportunity for SVT.

This study has examined how the celebrities Paolo Roberto and Margaux Dietz were portrayed in the Swedish newspapers Aftonbladet and Expressen in connection with their scandals in 2020 and 2022. The purpose of the study is to investigate whether there are gender stereotypes in the way Roberto and Dietz are portrayed in newspapers, and to see what similarities and differences can be observed in the representation of the celebrities in text and image. The theoretical framework of the study is based on framing, theories of gender, theories about scandals and media logic. The method used in the study is a quantitative content analysis. The results show that Dietz was portrayed in a more negative way than Roberto, who was portrayed more neutral. The results also showed that Roberto was primarily discussed from a professional perspective, while Dietz was more often discussed from a private perspective. When the celebrities were represented in images, the results showed that Dietz was more frequently shown smiling and looking into the camera. Based on the results, we can conclude that Roberto and Dietz are portrayed differently in the reporting of their scandals in newspapers, both in text and image. We see that these gender stereotypes that have emerged in previous research largely agree with this study. Through a gender perspective, many of the differences can be linked to the gender stereotypes and structures of masculinity and femininity that have long existed in our society.

This study, Political representation in the local paper - the power of the front page, shows how the local paper Västerbottens-kuriren chooses, consciously or unknowingly, to represent politics on the front page during the election period of 2018. Given the premises that journalists must adhere to, could affect the reporting of politics. The method for this study was a quantitative content analysis where a frequency count is used based on headline, preamble and to some extent image use on the front page.  The study concluded that the newspaper had some political news, but that they were majorly excluded from appearing in the most visible article on the front page. The most common subjects that were on the front page were personal articles, or culture and entertainment oriented, which indicates a greater exposure to "softer" news. Of the political articles, the topic "other" was most prevalent, but also economics and business was a frequently recurring political topic. It was also shown that there was a gap in July when the frequency of political articles was reduced. The most widely used framing used by the political articles was game framing, which indicates a repetitive behavior on the part of journalists which, in the worst case scenario, could lead to skepticism against both politics and against the newspaper from the public.

This Diploma Thesis "Mediatization of Political Sphere" deals with the systematic influence of mass media and their logic on the functioning of the political system, process development and implementation of policy instruments and methods of political communication. First of all the theoretical part is focused on the description of the institutional importance of media in the social environment, more properly introduces images of the effects of media communications in the society, characteristics of the participation of media organizations in the economic relations so that the concept of mediatization in the frame of media studies could be defined and to specify its aspects in connection with a set of knowledge of media logic. The thesis does not omit the introduction of basic logic elements of political sphere, it also deals with its implicit settings, as well as modifications of the political structures in response to transfer a large part of the policy enforcement into the symbolic space of the media. The theoretical interpretation is followed by the research which is focused on the selected elements of mediatization in the Czech context. In the first stage the quantitative research method of content analysis is used to find out which topics and which representatives are observed by the Czech...

I augusti 2010 inträffade en olycka i San José-gruvan i Chile. Olyckan resulterade i att 33 gruvarbe-tare blev fast i ett skyddsrum i över två månader innan de kunde räddas. Händelsen fick ett stort utrymme i media världen över. I vår studie har vi utmanat medielogiken genom att testa tre ny-hetsvärderingsteorier utifrån aftonbladet.ses och dn.ses nyhetsrapportering kring gruvolyckan. Tidningarna valdes därför att de är Sveriges största kvälls- respektive morgontidning. Vi undersök-te vilken av teorierna som bäst kunde appliceras på rapporteringen och även på skillnader mellan tidningarnas rapportering sett utifrån teorierna. De nyhetsvärderingsteorier vi testat kommer från Håkan Hvitfelt, Tony Harcup & Deirdre O’Neill samt Pamela J. Shoemaker, Tsan-Kuo Chang & Nancy Brendlinger.Vid analysen utförde vi en kvalitativ textanalys och analyserade artiklarna hermeneutiskt genom åtta dimensioner i ett analysschema. Under studien kom vi fram till att det endast finns små skill-nader mellan tidningarna i deras rapportering. De skiljer sig bara åt i två av de åtta dimensioner vi analyserade. Ingen av teorierna stämde helt överens med rapporteringen, men Hvitfelt är den teo-retiker vars teorier stämmer bäst överens med hur tidningarna skrev. Tätt därefter följer Harcup & O’Neill och därefter Shoemaker et al. Det bör dock understrykas att teoriernas kriterier i många fall var vaga och svårtolkade, vilket ledde till att vi själva fick tolka vad teoretikerna menade. Fast-än teoretikernas idéer skiljer sig åt finns det alltså ingen som lyckats skapa en teori som är fullstän-dig. Det är först när teorierna konvergerar som de visar en godtagbar väg till hur en artikel blir nyhetsvärdig i dagens medielandskap. / In August 2010 an accident occurred in the San José mine in Chile. 33 miners were trapped in a shelter at a depth of 700 meters for over two months before they were rescued. The accident got a lot of media cover-age worldwide. In our study we have challenged the media logic by testing three news value theories from the content of aftonbladet.se:s and dn.se:s news articles regarding the mining accident. The newspapers were selected because they are the largest evening and morning newspaper in Sweden. We looked at which of the theories that best could be applied to the newspapers articles and also the differences between the newspa-pers' reporting from the perspective of the theories. The news value theories that we tested are from the theorists Håkan Hvitfelt, Tony Harcup & Deirdre O'Neill and Pamela J. Shoemaker, Tsan-Kuo Chang & Nancy Brendlinger. In the analysis we made a qualitative text analysis and analyzed the articles hermeneutically through eight dimensions in an analytical framework. During the study we concluded that there are only small differences between the newspapers in their reporting. We only found differences in two of the eight dimensions we analyzed. None of the theories fully consists with the newspapers reporting, but Hvitfelt is the theorist whose theory is most consistent with how the newspapers were written. He is followed closely by Harcup & O'Neill, then Shoemaker et al. It should be emphasized that the factors in the theories in many cases are vague and difficult to interpret, which led us to make our own interpretations in those cases. Although the theorists’ ideas differ, none of them has succeeded in creating a theory that is complete. It is only when the theories converge that they demonstrate an acceptable way of how an occurrence becomes news worthy in today's media landscape.

The tsunami in Thailand in 2004, 9/11 and hurricane Katrina in New Orleans 2005 are all reminders that no organization is immune to crises, which also means that all organizations should be prepared and know how to handle a crisis if one was to occur.   A case study has been conducted, on a crisis regarding a fire that occurred on the 31st of July 2014 in Västmanland, Sweden. Through Qualitative interviews empirical data was gathered and then analyzed together with our theories and previous research. The purpose of the study is to analyze how the municipalities affected and the County Administrative Board of Sweden handled and communicated with/to the public during the fire that spread in Västmanland 2014.   Our study shows that a risk analysis and analysis of surroundings is crucial in anticipating a crisis event and that it is essential for organizations to undergo training to prepare organization members on how to handle a crisis. Another conclusion is that the need for information is large during a crisis event and grows throughout the entire course of the crisis. The crisis that we studied had a lack of information, but at the same time the public’s need for information is a need that can’t be satisfied during a crisis. And if the organizations concerned do not satisfy the public’s need for information, rumors will start to disseminate to cater to the public’s needs. Rumors have always been a part of crisis communication but has with today’s technologies assumed a digital form which means that they can spread to a wider group of people. The digital and social media constituted of an essential tool for the affected stakeholders crisis communication and the local radio played an important role in managing the crisis.

Hur arbetar den svenska Polismyndigheten med relationsbyggande taktiker på Instagram? Genom att undersöka det engagemang, den interaktion och sättet på vilket Polisen bemöter kritik bemöts på plattformen har jag kunnat fastställat hur ett antal av dessa tekniker nyttjas i praktiken. Under en begränsad tidsperiod har samtliga inlägg och kommentarer som publicerats till myndighetens konto studerats utifrån tidigare forskning såväl som utifrån utvalda teoretiska perspektiv. I bearbetningsprocessen av det empiriska materialet uttyddes indikationer på att en konflikt uppstått som resultat av den polisiära närvaroden polisiära närvaron på Instagram. Konflikten konstaterades bero på den spänningen som sker när en statlig instans befinner sig på sociala medieplattformar där den externaa kommunikationen anpassas utifrån plattformarnas medielogik. Denna spänning har vidare problematiserats utifrån ett myndighetsperspektiv. I slutsatsen presenteras ett teoretiskt resultat som tydliggör vilka relationsbyggande taktiker som Polisen har använt sig av på Instagram. Här redogörs det också för vilka utmaningar en myndighet kan komma att möta när denna väljer att anpassa sin kommunikation utifrån medielogik.I slutsatsen presenteras ett teoretiskt resultat som tydliggör vilka utmaningar som medföljt när Polismyndigheten valt anpassa sin kommunikation utifrån medielogik. / How does the Swedish Police use relationship building tactics on Instagram? I’ve been able to determine how these tactics are being used practically by examining how the Police engages, interacts, and handles critique on this specific social media platform. All posts and comments posted published to the Police’s account during a selected timeframe have been examined through the lens of previous research and theoretical perspectives. As I began processing this material, a conflict emerged as a result of the Police’s use of the aforementioned tactics used to build relationships with the public. This conflict was determined to be the result of athe tension emerging when a government agency is required to adapt its communication afterto the media logiclogics of social media platforms. This tension was also discussed from the viewpoint of a government perspective. The theoretical results presented in the conclusion of thise thesis highlights the challenges that has facesd a government agency the which choses to Swedish Police as it adapts itsadapt its external communications afterto the media logic. I will also account for the relationship building tactics that has been used by the Police on Instagram.

Experterna i media har till uppgift att kommentera och analysera nyhetshändelser. Genom rollen att göra skeenden begripliga för en större publik besitter de makten att påverka samhällsopinionen. Med utgångspunkt i mediernas fascination för att rapportera om brott och straff undersöktes i den här studien svensk press användning av kriminologer som experter. Studiens empiriska material bestod av 710 artiklar publicerade i elva storstadstidningar mellan den 1 april 2012 och den 31 mars 2017. Uppsatsens teoretiska ramverk byggde på medielogik som förklarar den process i vilken medierna presenterar och distribuerar information. I den här studien bidrog den med förståelse till svensk press val av kriminologer och hur dessa kan kopplas till mediernas behov. Dessutom användes representationsteori i syfte att analysera kriminologernas citat. För att studera detta tillämpades en kvantitativ innehållsanalys där ett kodschema konstruerades och variabler utformades för att besvara studiens frågeställningar. Senare användes en kvalitativ innehållsanalys för att analysera tematik i kriminologernas citat.    Resultatet visade att fördelningen av kriminologer är obalanserad. Framför allt framträdde Jerzy Sarnecki i en dominerande del av artiklarna, men också Leif GW Persson och Mikael Rying förekom i en förhållandevis stor utsträckning. I resultatet konstaterades dock att Leif GW Perssons namn och ansikte oftast användes för att locka till läsning, något som nyanserar bilden av Jerzy Sarnecki som mediernas favoritkriminolog. Vidare påvisades det att studiens topp tre kriminologer sällan tilldelas en närmare presentation än att de är just kriminologer, detta jämfört med övriga kriminologer som ofta legitimeras med forskningsunderlag och ytterligare yrkesroll. Dessutom uppmärksammades att kriminologerna, beroende på hur de uttalade sig, gavs varierat utrymme i olika frågor. / Recent years the criminologists has possessed a larger quantity of space in the Swedish media; many times to contribute with knowledge and theories for the public regarding crime events. At the same time news desks experience a greater task with an increasing pressure to be first with publishing different stories, which could lead to a comfortable approach to new expert sources. The main purpose of the thesis was therefore to examine how criminologists are represented and presented in some of the major Swedish newspapers from a perspective of Stuart Hall’s ideas of representation. With a quantitative and qualitative content analysis a total of 710 news articles in eleven different papers were examined, from the beginning of April 2012 until the end of March 2017. In an early stage it was clear that just three criminologists occurred in over 70 percent of the articles. Later different themes between them could be identified which displayed how their attributes were used in different ways, giving them access to express themselves in varied topics. Furthermore the analysis showed that the experts were represented in a rather hard boiled manner. For example topics as fatal violence and criticism of the police were two categories in which they often appeared.