Cette thèse propose de saisir et de restituer le mode de fonctionnement de « la médiation cinématographique ». Le travail porte sur la nécessité d'une « médiation », de ses usages et des discours qu'elle engendre depuis que l'image est née, dans le cadre de dispositifs d'éducation au cinéma. Ces discours voudraient instaurer « une médiation » entre le cinéma et les enfants, pour des raisons multiples, plus ou moins implicites et partiellement contradictoires. L'enjeu consiste à saisir les glissements qui s'opèrent entre ces discours - politiques, idéologiques... - et la pratique, selon une poétique de la situation.Les enquêtes de terrain ont été essentiellement menées auprès de dispositifs scolaires, notamment École et cinéma, en parcourant à la fois l'histoire de ces dispositifs, leurs objets et leurs formes / The aim of this thesis is to understand the way the film mediation works. The work concerns necessity of a "mediation": its uses, and the positions issued from it, since the motion picture was born, within the educational devices on cinematographic image. These arguments tend to set up "a mediation" between cinematography and children, with various, more or less implicit and even partially contradictory reasons.The issue consists in grasping the shifts which take place in between these positions - political, ideological... - and practice, according to poetics of a situation.Field investigation has essentially been led within educational projects, in particular École et cinema, by covering simultaneously their history, their subjects and their forms

Nota-se um crescimento constante da importância dos espaços de Educação Não Formal frente ao de Ensino de Ciências. Com isso, passa a ser imprescindível a presença de profissionais que promovam a interação da ciência com o público e, consequentemente, a formação dos mesmos para que possam atuar de maneira efetiva no desenvolvimento de atividades educativas nesses locais. Nesta perspectiva, este estudo de caso teve por finalidade analisar o processo de formação de mediadores de um espaço de Educação Não Formal de ciências, utilizando a perspectiva da teoria de Comunidades de Prática, elaborada por Jean Lave e Etienne Wenger. Mais especificamente, teve como objetivo analisar como o elemento engajamento mútuo, proposto pelos autores como um dos pontos fundamentais da participação dos membros de uma comunidade de prática, pode contribuir para a formação inicial de mediadores. Para realização dessa investigação, foi necessário, primeiramente, averiguar se o local de estudo escolhido - Estação Biologia (EB), projeto de extensão universitária vinculado ao Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, poderia ser considerado uma comunidade de prática, sendo necessária, para isso, a identificação de três elementos básicos: o repertório compartilhado, o engajamento mútuo e o empreendimento conjunto. Os dados coletados a partir de análises documentais, entrevistas gravadas semiestruturadas, filmagens e observações de visitas evidenciam que os três elementos básicos coexistem na EB, podendo, assim, ser considerada uma comunidade de prática. Nessa comunidade, às possibilidades de flexibilização de funções e o estabelecimento de negociações internas promovem o aumento do engajamento mútuo que está diretamente envolvido com a transformação de um mediador periférico em um mediador central, e consequentemente, com a sua formação tanto para atuar como mediador, quanto para atuar profissionalmente, seja na carreira de bacharelado ou de licenciatura. Isso pode ser afirmado visto que, ao aumentar o engajamento na prática da comunidade, esse mediador se apropria de conhecimentos que poderão ser usados dentro e fora da EB. / There has been a steadily growing role of non-formal education within science teaching. Thus, the presence of professionals is crucial for promoting the interaction of science with the public. Consequently, the formation of these professionals is essential to enable them to act effectively in the development of activities at educational sites. Accordingly, this case study aims at examining the process of formation of mediators in the area of non-formal education in science, using the Theory of Community of Practice, coined by Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger. More specifically, the analysis of the mutual engagement element, as proposed by the authors as one of the key points in the participation of members in a community of practice, may contribute to the initial training of mediators. To undertake this study, it was necessary to first determine whether the chosen place of study, Estação Biologia (EB) of the University of São Paulo, could be considered a community of practice. For this, the identification of three basic elements were required: shared repertoire, mutual engagement and joint enterprise. The data that were collected from documentary analysis, semi-structured registered interviews, recorded visits and personal observations, showed that all the three basic elements were present in EB, and thus it can be considered a community of practice. In this community, the flexibility of functions, and the establishment of internal negotiations, promote increased mutual engagement that is directly involved in the transformation of a peripheral into a central mediator, and consequently, their training both to act as a mediator and how to do so professionally. Considering that by increasing engagement in the practice of community, this mediator appropriates knowledge that can be used inside and outside the EB.

L'activation des cellules B est connue pour s’accompagner de remodelages des gènes d’immunoglobulines qui permettent la maturation d'affinité des régions variables d'Ig par hypermutation somatique SHM et la commutation de classe CSR. Ces deux processus sont sous le contrôle de la région régulatrice 3’ (3’RR) du locus IgH. Pendant la CSR, le locus IgH subit des changements tridimensionnels mettant les régions switch ciblés par AID à proximité de la région 3’RR afin de faciliter la recombinaison. La sous-unité MED1 du complexe Médiateur favorise cette interaction à longue distance avec la 3’RR mais elle intervient aussi dans la transcription germinale qui précède la CSR afin de faciliter l’activité d’AID. Comme récemment démontré chez la souris, la région 3’RR peut aussi être ciblée par des recombinaison médiée par AID, mais contrairement à la CSR, ce type de recombinaison qui joint la région Sμ et la 3’RR et qui s’appelle recombinaison suicide du locus IgH ou LSR entraîne une délétion complète de l’ensemble des gènes constants conduisant à la mort des cellules B par la perte de l’expression du BCR. Nous montrons maintenant que la LSR médiée par AID se produit aussi dans les cellules B humaines activées avec les deux régions 3’RR (3’RR1 en aval de Cα1 et 3’RR2 en aval de Cα2) et qui peut toucher l’allèle fonctionnel mais elle peut aussi être biallélique marqué par une quasi-absence de ce type de recombinaison dans les plasmocytes de la moelle mais aussi dans les cellules B mémoires quiescents du sang et qui peut par contre être réinduite à haut niveau lorsque les cellules B mémoires sont réactivées. Toutes nos conditions de stimulation utilisées in-vitro induit la LSR, sans permettre de discerner comment se fait « le choix » entre la CSR et la LSR. Nos résultats montrent par contre que la sous-unité MED1 semble influencer la transcription de la 3’RR et la recombinaison LSR chez la souris. L’inactivation conditionnelle de MED1 influence l’accessibilité transcriptionnelle et donc les recombinaisons sans affecter les marques épigénétiques du locus IgH. Cette étude de MED1 a aussi révélé que l’ensemble des processus stimulés par l’IgH 3’RR sont « Médiateur-dépendants » (SHM, CSR sans distinction de la cis et la trans-CSR, expression augmentée du locus dans les plasmocytes…), comme semble l’être également le processus de choix des segments variables au cours des réarrangements VHDJH. / B-cell activation is accompanied by remodeling of immunoglobulin genes resulting in affinity maturation of Ig variable regions by somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR). These two processes are under the control of the 3' regulatory region (3’RR) of the IgH locus. During CSR, the IgH locus undergoes three dimensional changes bringing the AID-targeted switch regions near the 3'RR region to facilitate recombination. The MED1 subunit of the Mediator complex promotes this long-distance interaction with the 3'RR, but it is also implicated in germinal transcription preceding CSR in order to facilitate AID activity. As recently demonstrated in mice, the 3'RR region can also be targeted by AID-mediated recombination, but unlike CSR, this type of recombination joining the Sμ region and 3'RR (called Locus Suicide Recombination or LSR) results in a complete deletion of all the constant genes leading to B-cell death by loss of B Cell Receptor expression. We now show that AID-mediated LSR also occurs in activated human B cells with the two 3'RR (3'RR1downstream of Cα1 and 3'RR2 downstream of Cα2) and affects the functional allele. It can also be bi-allelic marked by the absence of this type of recombination in plasma cells of the bone marrow but also in quiescent blood memory B cells. LSR occurs at high level when the memory B cells are reactivated. All in-vitro stimulations induce LSR, without identifying conditions favoring either CSR and the LSR. Our results also show that the MED1 subunit appears to influence 3’ RR transcription and LSR in mice. Conditional inactivation of MED1 influences transcriptional accessibility and therefore recombination without affecting epigenetic markers of the IgH locus. This study also revealed that all the processes controlled by the 3'RR are "mediator -dependent" (SHM, CSR without distinction between Cis and Trans -CSR, increased expression of the IgH locus in the plasma cells ...), as well as the choice of varia ble segments during VDJH rearrangements

Kardialen Strukturen, wie dem koronaren oder endokardialen Endothel, dem Myokard und auch dem Perikard werden unter physiologischen und pathophysiologischen Bedingungen zunehmend autokrine oder parakrine Funktionen zugesprochen. Es ist gut belegt, dass das Herz durch Freisetzung von löslichen Mediatoren nach Myokardischämie einen entscheidenden Anteil an der postischämischen Regulation der Vasomotion hat. Allerdings weniger bekannt ist die Bedeutung einer Mediator-vermittelten kardialen Autoregulation bei postischämischen Veränderungen der Myokardkontraktilität. In dieser Arbeit wird eine neue negativ inotrope Substanz(en) (NIS) beschrieben, die nach myokardialer Ischämie aus isolierten Herzen freigesetzt wird und die an sequentiell perfundierten Herzen, die als Bioassay eingesetzt werden, einen deutlichen kardiodepressiven Effekt hervorruft. In isolierten Feld-stimulierten Rattenkardiomyozyten reduziert NIS dosisabhängig die systolische Zellverkürzung und den Ca2+-Transienten (Konfokale Laser Scan Mikroskopie). Der negativ inotrope Effekt setzt sowohl in isolierten Herzen als auch Kardiomyozyten schnell ein und ist reversibel. Katecholamine maskieren und überspielen den negativ inotropen Effekt in Abhängigkeit von der Ischämiedauer. Voltage clamp Untersuchungen auf Einzelzellebene zeigten, dass NIS den Ca2+-Einstrom Ica über die L-Typ Ca2+-Kanäle reduziert. Somit scheint NIS die Myokardkontraktilität und Zellverkürzung über eine Verminderung der intrazellulären systolischen Ca2+-Konzentrationen durch Blockade der L-Typ Ca2+-Kanäle zu reduzieren und nicht etwa über eine Ca2+-Desensitivierung. Derzeit ist noch nicht geklärt, über welchen Mechanismus NIS den Ca2+-Einstrom blockiert. Da weder die Gewebsspiegel von cGMP und cAMP noch die PKA Aktivität durch NIS moduliert werden, ist es unwahrscheinlich, dass eine Dephosphorylierung von Untereinheiten des L-Typ Ca2+-Kanals der Funktionsweise von NIS zu Grunde liegt. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass NIS direkt mit dem Ca2+-Kanal interagiert, z.B. durch Bindung an ein Kanalprotein. Die chemische Struktur von NIS ist derzeit noch ungeklärt, allerdings gibt es Hinweise, dass es sich nicht um ein Protein handelt. Die Substanz(en) ist stabil, Hitze-resistent (56°) und ein dialysierbares Molekül mit einem geringen Molekulargewicht (< 0.5 kDa). Die kardiodepressorische Substanz(en) wird nicht vom Koronarendothel freigesetzt. Eine abschließende Bewertung, ob NIS durch Aggravation der kontraktilen Dysfunktion myokardschädigend oder durch Senkung des myokardialen Sauerstoffverbrauches kardioprotektiv wirkt, ist derzeit noch nicht möglich. / Autocrine and paracrine functions are increasingly being attributed under physiological and pathophysiological conditions to cardiac structures such as the coronary or endocardial endothelium, the myocardium, and the pericardium as well. Reliable evidence exists to confirm that the heart, through the release of soluble mediators after myocardial ischemia, plays a decisive role in post-ischemic regulation of vasomotion. Less well-known, however, is the significance of mediator-effected cardiac autoregulation in cases of post-ischemic changes of myocardial contractility. This study describes a new negative inotropic substance or substances, NIS, released from isolated hearts after myocardial ischemia. NIS elicits marked cardiodepressive effects on sequentially perfused hearts used as bioassays. In isolated field-stimulated rat cardiomyocytes, NIS reduces, as a function of dose, systolic cell shortening and Ca2+ transients (as detected by confocal laser-scan microscopy). The negative inotropic effect occurs quickly both in isolated hearts as well as in cardiomyocytes, and is reversible. Catecholamines counteract the negative inotropic effect, as a function of ischemia duration. Voltage-clamp investigations on the single-cell level have disclosed that NIS reduces Ca2+ inflow Ica via L-type Ca2+ channels. NIS appears to decrease myocardial contractility and cell shortening through reduction of intracellular systolic Ca2+ concentration, by blockade of L-type Ca2+ channels: and not, say, by Ca2+ desensitization. It has not yet been definitely established by which mechanism NIS blocks Ca2+ inflow. Since NIS modulates neither the tissue level of cGMP and cAMP, nor PKA activity, it is improbable that NIS acts by dephosphorization of sub-units of the L-type Ca2+ channel. The results of this study imply that NIS directly interacts with the Ca2+ channel, perhaps by binding to a channel protein. Although the chemical structure of NIS has not yet been elucidated, there are indications that it is not a protein. The substance(s) is/are stable, heat resistant (up to 56°C), and dialyzable as a molecule with low molecular weight (< 0.5 kDa). It is not yet possible to provide conclusive evaluation of whether NIS acts to damage the myocardium by aggravation of the contractile dysfunction, or whether it exerts cardioprotective action by diminishing myocardial oxygen consumption.

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Alors que jusqu'à présent les recherches sur la RSE se sont principalement situées à un niveau macroéconomique, s'intéresser aux conséquences de ces politiques sur les employés (la micro RSE) représente une approche novatrice (Rupp et al., 2006). En effet, les employés sont le noyau fonctionnel dans la réussite de la politique de RSE. Ils sont susceptibles d'évaluer et de réagir aux activités de RSE. Pour cela, la RSE peut être envisagée sous l'angle des théories de la justice organisationnelle (Rupp, 2011) afin d’explorer la nature de ces évaluations et de ces réactions. Plus particulièrement, grâce aux recherches sur la justice envers des tiers (DeCremer et van Hiel, 2006, Skarlicki et Kulik, 2005), il est possible d'étudier les perceptions des employés de la politique de leur entreprise envers les parties prenantes externes. Les employés peuvent ainsi juger la justice distributive, procédurale et interactionnelle de leur entreprise (Colquitt et al., 2001).L'objet de cette thèse est précisément d'étudier les conséquences des perceptions de justice envers les parties prenantes externes sur les attitudes et comportements des employés, notamment l'engagement organisationnel. Il est également important de comprendre les mécanismes sous-jacents qui lient perception de justice des employés et leurs réactions attitudinales et comportementales car chaque employé est unique dans ses propres réactions psychologiques. Nous proposons ainsi d’intégrer la justice déontique avec d’autres mécanismes psychologiques en médiation ou en modération pour mieux expliquer l’engagement organisationnel. / While research on CSR has so far been largely developed at the macro level, looking at the impact of these policies on employees (individual level of analysis or micro CSR) is an innovative approach (Rupp et al., 2006). Indeed, the employees are the functional core in the success of the CSR policy. They are more likely to evaluate and react to CSR activities. CSR can be considered from the perspective of organizational justice theories (Rupp, 2011). In particular, through third-party justice research (DeCremer and van Hiel, 2006, Skarlicki and Kulik, 2005), it is possible to examine employees' perceptions of their organization's policy towards external stakeholders. Employees can judge the distributive, procedural and interactional justice of their organization (Colquitt et al., 2001).The purpose of this thesis is precisely to study the consequences of justice perceptions towards external stakeholders on employee attitudes and behaviors, including organizational commitment. It is also important to understand the mechanisms that link employees' perception of justice with their attitudinal and behavioral responses because each employee is unique in his own psychological reactions. We propose to integrate the deontic justice with other psychological mechanisms in mediation or moderation to better explain organizational commitment.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-06-30T13:09:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulete Maria Cunha dos Santos.pdf: 5762811 bytes, checksum: 28834997c0c9ab30319d461d7b95a7bd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-30T13:09:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulete Maria Cunha dos Santos.pdf: 5762811 bytes, checksum: 28834997c0c9ab30319d461d7b95a7bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-01 / Milton Valente / A presente tese busca analisar as experiências da educadora baiana Leolinda Daltro (c.1859-1935) como catequista entre os povos indígenas do Brasil central - região entre os rios Araguaia e Tocantins - e sua trajetória como mediadora e feminista, após o regresso ao Rio de Janeiro, na passagem do século XIX para o XX. Em decorrência desta percepção, optamos por, efetivamente, conceder relevo às repercussões da experiência de missão de Leolinda e sua articulação com uma ampla rede de personagens (ilustres ou não) da sociedade regional e nacional. Por esta proposição, situaremos aqui a memória individual da protagonista entendida como uma das práticas culturais dos registros de uma "produção de si". Leolinda, com certeza, sentiu, pensou e viveu experiências simultâneas e, por vezes, díspares - entre a sua atuação política em defesa da causa indígena e da emancipação da mulher -, que a colocaram como uma testemunha de tempos e espaços múltiplos nos anos que sucederam à instauração da República. Em relação a sua trajetória, esclarecemos que, após abordarmos sua atuação pela causa indígena, iremos nos deter também, mesmo que não de forma aprofundada, na fase inicial de sua atuação no Rio de Janeiro. Atuação que é tida como decisiva para alavancar o longo percurso do movimento pela emancipação feminina, especialmente, na luta pela igualdade política entre homens e mulheres e pelo pleno exercício da cidadania. / The present thesis aims to analyze the experiences from the educator Leolinda Daltro (c.1859-1935) as a catechist among the indigenous of central Brazil – a region between the Araguaia and Tocantins rivers – and her journey as a mediator and a feminist, after returning to Rio de Janeiro, in the late nineteenth century to the twentieth. As a result of this perception, we chose to effectively provide relief to the impact of the experience of mission Leolinda and its articulation with a wide network of characters (distinguished or not) of regional and national society. For this proposition, we will place here the memory of the individual protagonist understood as one of those cultural practices from records of a "self-production". Leolinda surely felt, thought and lived simultaneous experiences and sometimes disparate – among her political action in defense of indigenous cause and women emancipation – which put her as a witness for multiple spaces and times in the years followed the establishment of the Republic. Related to her journey, we clarify that after we discuss her actions for indigenous cause, we’ll also discourse, even if not deeply, the initial stage of her action in Rio de Janeiro. Action that is seen as crucial to leverage the long course of the movement for women's emancipation, especially in the struggle for political equality between men and women and the full exercise of citizenship.

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2017-08-01T10:55:18Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação -Telma Raimundo do Nascimento - 2017.pdf: 3272578 bytes, checksum: 87ac8a05858908fcfd871273b6d77c5b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-08-01T15:17:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação -Telma Raimundo do Nascimento - 2017.pdf: 3272578 bytes, checksum: 87ac8a05858908fcfd871273b6d77c5b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-01T15:17:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação -Telma Raimundo do Nascimento - 2017.pdf: 3272578 bytes, checksum: 87ac8a05858908fcfd871273b6d77c5b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-26 / The present research analyzes the initial pedagogical evaluation for the identification of the specific educational needs of students with intellectual deficiency of elementary education in the Municipal Education Network of Goiânia. The objective of the research was to identify how this initial assessment process occurs and whether this evaluation contributes to the learning of these students. The theoretical perspective of the research was based on the Historical Materialism Dialectic for the apprehension of the historical reality in which the student with intellectual deficiency is inserted; In the Historical-Cultural Theory and in the Foundations of Defectology that conceives the student with intellectual deficiency as a subject that has qualitative specificities; In the conceptions of inclusion and in the right to school of all and in the diagnostic, formative and mediator evaluation as a subsidy for the attendance of the specific needs of the students. The research field was composed of 05 (five) schools of the Municipal Network of Goiânia, each representing a Regional Education Coordination of said network. The research participants were 10 (ten) teachers - 02 (two) teachers per school - and in the schools that have the multifunctional resource room, there were 01 (one) regular classroom teacher and 01 (one) Resource room and at the school that does not have the resource room, 01 (one) regular classroom teacher and 01 (one) coordinating teacher participated. The instrument of data collection was the semi-structured interview, followed by transcription of the content. The methodology used was the Content Analysis and Bardin Thematic Analysis technique. The research revealed that the initial pedagogical evaluation carried out by teachers does not contribute to the learning of these students. A theoretical-methodological contradiction was identified in the participants' discourses, evidencing that even at a theoretical level, the inclusion of the school is not clear and internalized by the teachers, and the delegation to other professionals is the initial pedagogical evaluation of students with intellectual disabilities. The research pointed out the need to carry out a diagnostic, formative and mediator evaluation, with action in the Proximal Development Zone of the student with intellectual disability. As an educational product, the research presents an Assessment Framework for the initial pedagogical evaluation of students with intellectual disabilities, aiming to offer the indicative teachers to perform a diagnostic, formative and mediator evaluation. / A presente pesquisa analisa a avaliação pedagógica inicial para a identificação das necessidades educacionais específicas de alunos com deficiência intelectual do ensino fundamental na Rede Municipal de Educação de Goiânia. O objetivo da pesquisa foi identificar como ocorre esse processo de avaliação inicial e se esta avaliação contribui para a aprendizagem dos referidos alunos. A perspectiva teórica da pesquisa pautou-se no Materialismo Histórico Dialético para a apreensão da realidade histórica na qual o aluno com deficiência intelectual está inserido; na Teoria Histórico-Cultural e nos Fundamentos da Defectologia que concebe o aluno com deficiência intelectual como um sujeito que possui especificidades qualitativas; nas concepções de inclusão e no direito de escolarização de todos e na avaliação diagnóstica, formativa e mediadora como subsídio para o atendimento das necessidades específicas dos alunos. O campo da pesquisa foi composto por 05 (cinco) escolas da Rede Municipal de Goiânia, cada uma representando uma Coordenadoria Regional de Educação da referida rede. Os participantes da pesquisa foram 10 (dez) professores – 02 (dois) professores por escola –, sendo que nas escolas que possuem a sala de recursos multifuncionais, participaram 01 (um) professor da sala de aula regular e 01 (um) professor da sala de recursos e na escola que não possui a sala de recursos, participaram 01 (um) professor da sala de aula regular e 01 (um) professor coordenador. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi a entrevista semi-estruturada, seguida de transcrição do conteúdo. A metodologia utilizada foi a Análise de Conteúdos e a técnica de Análise Temática de Bardin. A pesquisa revelou que a avaliação pedagógica inicial realizada pelos professores não contribui para a aprendizagem desses alunos. Foi identificada uma contradição teórico-metodológica nos discursos dos participantes, evidenciando que mesmo em nível teórico a inclusão escolar não está clara e internalizada pelos professores, havendo, ainda, a delegação a outros profissionais a avaliação pedagógica inicial dos alunos com deficiência intelectual. A pesquisa apontou a necessidade de realização de uma avaliação diagnóstica, formativa e mediadora, com atuação na Zona de Desenvolvimento Proximal do aluno com deficiência intelectual. Como produto educacional, a pesquisa apresenta um Referencial Avaliativo para a realização da avaliação inicial pedagógica de alunos com deficiência intelectual, visando oferecer aos professores indicativos para a realização de uma avaliação diagnóstica, formativa e mediadora.

La Grotte du Portel-ouest située en Ariège sur la commune de Loubens a été fouillée de 1949 à 1987 par Joseph et JeanVézian. Les fouilleurs ont identifié 20 couches réparties en quatre ensembles archéo-stratigraphiques : un ensemble de base, un premier ensemble moustérien, un deuxième ensemble moustérien et un ensemble du paléolithique supérieur correspondants aux stades isotopiques 5, 4, 3, début 2. Le remplissage a livré 34 restes humains néandertaliens et plus de 200000 vestiges correspondants à de l’industrie, de la macrofaune et de la microfaune. L’étude paléontologique a porté sur les 4495 restes de Bovinae et d’Equidae ; l’étude paléo-environnementale a été réalisée à partir des 12963 restes de macro faune et de 896 rongeurs (NMI) enregistrés à ce jour. L’étude paléontologique des Bovinae (1486 restes) a permis d’identifier deux genres : Bos et Bison. Les comparaisons diachroniques et synchroniques ont conduit à la détermination de Bison priscus mediator et de Bos primigenius primigenius. L’étude paléontologique des Equidae a permis de confirmer la première détermination : Equus caballus germanicus (Gardeisen, 1998). Les comparaisons synchroniques et diachroniques avec les tests statistiques associés (Analyse en Composantes Principales, Classification Ascendante Hiérarchique, et le Test de k means) ont permis de rapprocher ce cheval de ceux de Combe Grenal (couches 1 à 35) et de la Grotte Tournal (niveaux II moyen et II B). Quelques restes trouvés dans le paléolithique supérieur ont pu être attribués à Equus caballus gallicus ; ce cheval est proche des chevaux de Camiac et de Jaurens (Würm récent inférieur) et aussi de Solutré (niveau aurignacien) L’étude paléo-environnementale a révélé à la base du sondage un paysage semi-ouvert, plutôt forestier tempéré correspondant au stade isotopique 5 (interglaciaire Riss-Würm et début Würm ancien) ; le stade 4 est très peu représenté. L’occupation principale du site (F à D) correspond au stade isotopique 3 caractérisé par de très forts changements climatiques avec une succession d’événements de Heinrich (H4, H5) et de phases de réchauffement ou de refroidissement des cycles de Dansgaard-Oeschger (7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13) dans un paysage très ouvert. La couche B présentant une industrie gravettienne et de l’aurochs correspond certainement à la phase de réchauffement du cycle de Dansgaard-Oeschger 2. / The West cave of the Portel located in Ariége in the commune of Loubens has been excavated between 1949 and 1987 byJoseph and Jean Vézian. The excavators identified 20 layers spread in 4 archeologically stratified groups : the basic group, the first Mousterian group and the second Mousterian group and an ensemble of the superior Paleolithic group corresponding to the isotopic stages 5, 4, 3, beginning 2. The contents excavated from this cave gave us 34 Neanderthal human remains and more than 200 000 artifacts corresponding to the industry, the macrofauna and the microfauna. Paleontological studies have been realized on the 4495 Bovinae and Equidae remains. Environmental Paleolithic studies have been completed from 12963 remains of the macrofuna and from 896 rodents registered to this day (NMI). Bovinae paleontological studies (1486 remains) allowed identification of two genre : Bos and Bison. The diachronic and synchronic comparisons have led to determination of Bison priscus mediator and Bos primigenius primigenius. Equidae paleontological studies have allowed confirmation of the first determination: Equus caballus germanicus (Gardeisen,1998).The diachronic and synchronic comparisons with the statistical tests associated (ACP, CAH, and the test of k means)allowed to bring closer the horse from the Portel to those of the Combe Grenal (layers 1 to 35) and the horses of the Tournal cave (stages II middle and II B). Some remains found in the superior Paleolithic have been attributed to Equus caballus gallicus. This horse resembles the horses of Camiac, of Jaurens (inferior recent Würm) and of Solutré (stage of the Aurignacian). Environmental Paleolithic studies has shown, at the bottom of the contents excavated, a landscape semi open, rather temperate forest corresponding to the isotopic stage 5 (interglacial Riss-Würm and to the beginning or ancient Würm). The isotopic stage 4 is rarely represented. The principal occupation of the site by Neanderthal (F à D) is during the isotopic stage 3 characterized by very great climatic changes with a succession of Heinrich events (H4, H5) and phases of warming or cooling phases of the cycle Dansgaard-Oeschger (7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13) in a landscape very open, far reaching and vast. The layer B presents one gravettian industry and some Bos, and certainly corresponds to the phase of warming of the cycle Dansgaard-Oeschger 2.

Denna studie belyser behovet av alternativa synsätt och alternativa lösningar på hur bilismen och transportsektorn medverkar till miljöproblemen i samhället. Studien undersöker bilens roll för bilisten genom att lyfta fram förbindelsen bil-människa och hur denna förbindelse påverkar valet mellan bilen och kollektiva färdsätt i tre bostadsområden i Stockholmsregion. För att nå förståelse för förbindelsen bil-människa utgår studien från ett aktör-nätverksperspektiv. Metoden utgår från dels kvalitativa intervjuer och litteraturstudier. Under studiens gång uppstod ny förståelse för förbindelsen bil-människa. Denna cyborg är djupt förankrad i informanternas livssfär på grund av de starka skripts som är inskrivna i bilen vilka styr informanternas transportbeteende och överskuggar alternativa transportmedel. Enligt uppsatsens konklusioner är förbindelsen bil-människa en stabil cyborg som sällan enbart utgörs av ett mobilt tranportmedel. Cyborgen bil-människa påverkar informanternas livsvärld på ett positivt sätt genom tillgången till en ökad aktionsradie i jämförelse med kollektiva färdsätt. En alternativ samverkan mellan flera aktörer krävs för att kunna konkurrera med denna cyborg och skapa ett transportsystem i riktning mot långsiktigt hållbarhet.