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El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / This systematic review and meta-analysis tries to determine whether there is an association between the use of protease inhibitors (PIs) and the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and/or metabolic syndrome (MS) in HIV-infected patients. A systematic literature search was performed using MEDLINE/PubMed, CENTRAL, LILACS, and EMBASE. Included articles were observational studies published on or prior to November 2015 that met specific inclusion criteria. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated. Nine articles met the inclusion criteria, describing 13,742 HIV patients. Use of PIs was associated with the development of MS (RR: 2.11; 95% CI 1.28–3.48; p-value 0.003). No association between the use of PIs and development of DM was found: the HR for the incidence of DM among patients using PIs was 1.23 (95% CI 0.66–2.30; p-value: 0.51) and the RR was 1.25 (95% CI 0.99–1.58; p-value 0.06). Use of PIs in HIV-infected patients is associated with an increased risk of MS. No evidence of an increased risk of DM was found. However, because MS is a precursor to DM, it is possible that studies with a longer follow-up duration are needed in order to detect an association between PI use and onset of DM. / First, we would like to thank our families for all their support. Second, we would like to thank the Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, the Health Sciences Department, and the School of Medicine for their support and for all the tools they have provided throughout this process. Finally, we want to thanks to Dr Gwenyth O. Lee and Dr Daniela E. Kirwan for their comments. / Revisión por pares

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / Background & aims: Several studies have examined the effect of vegetarian diets (VD) on metabolic syndrome (MetS) or its components, but findings have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies to assess the association between VD and MetS or its components (systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP], fasting glucose triglycerides, waist circumference [WC], HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C)) in adults. Methods: The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched. RCTs, cohort studies and cross-sectional studies evaluating the effects of VD on MetS or its components in adults, with omnivore diet as control group, were included. Random effects meta-analyses stratified by study design were employed to calculate pooled estimates. Results: A total of 71 studies (n = 103 008) met the inclusion criteria (6 RCTs, 2 cohorts, 63 cross-sectional). VD were not associated with MetS in comparison to omnivorous diet (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.50–1.85, p = 0.9) according to meta-analysis of five cross-sectional studies. Likewise, meta-analysis of RCTs and cohort studies indicated that consumption of VD were not associated with MetS components. Meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies demonstrated that VD were significantly associated with lower levels of SBP (mean difference [MD] −4.18 mmHg, 95%CI −5.57 to −2.80, p < 0.00001), DBP (MD −3.03 mmHg, 95% CI −4.93 to −1.13, p = 0.002), fasting glucose (MD −0.26 mmol/L, 95% CI −0.35to −0.17, p < 0.00001), WC (MD −1.63 cm, 95% CI −3.13 to −0.13, p = 0.03), and HDL-C (MD −0.05 mmol/L, 95% CI −0.07 to −0.03, p < 0.0001) in comparison to omnivorous diet. Heterogeneity of effects among cross-sectional studies was high. About, one-half of the included studies had high risk of bias. Conclusions: VD in comparison with omnivorous diet is not associated with a lower risk of MetS based on results of meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies. The association between VD and lower levels of SBP, DBP, HDL-C, and fasting glucose is uncertain due to high heterogeneity across the cross-sectional studies. Larger and controlled studies are needed to evaluate the association between VD and MetS and its components. / Revisión por pares

La mûre tropicale de montagne (Rubus adenotrichos Schltdl.) est largement cultivée et consommée au Costa Rica. Cependant, il existe peu de recherches scientifiques sur ce fruit. Par conséquent, nos travaux ont pour but de valoriser la mûre au travers de l’étude de ses activités biologiques sur le syndrome métabolique. Le jus microfiltré de mûre a démontré être riche en polyphénols (377,5 équivalents d’AG/100g), spécialement en ellagitanins (90,39-141,89 équivalents d’AE/100g) et anthocyanes (56,93-73,31 équivalents de cyanidine-3-glucoside/100g). Le pouvoir antioxydant du jus de mûre a été déterminé par les méthodes ORAC (4253,53 µmol ET/100g), FRAP (4703,84 µmol ET/100g), ABTS (1,075 μmol ET/100g) et LPO (15,88 µM de hydroperoxyde) et par des mesures de la capacité antioxydante des enzymes superoxyde dismutase (767,33 U/ml) et catalaseCAT (70,33 nmol/min/ml). Le jus de mûre a inhibé la production du NO induite par LPS+IFNγ lorsqu'il a été utilisé comme prétraitement sur les cellules J774A.1. L’inhibition a été de 51,95% pour le jus de mûre à 1000 g/ml, sans affecter ni la viabilité cellulaire ni la concentration de protéines dans les cellules. Cette activité antiinflammatoire a été confirmée par la diminution du taux de la synthase inductible de l'oxyde nitrique dans ces mêmes cellules par une analyse Western Blot. Cette étude a utilisé un modèle in vivo pour évaluer l'effet de la consommation du jus de mûre chez des rats insulino-résistants. L'apport en mûre a provoqué une diminution des triglycérides sériques (-50,2%), du cholestérol total (-15,6%), du cholestérol LDL (-48,2%) et de la pression artérielle systolique des rats par rapport aux témoins, sans influencer les concentrations de cholestérol HDL ni la glycémie. L’effet hypotenseur du jus a été confirmé par une réduction de la pression artérielle diastolique de 54,2% lors de la mesure de la pression artérielle après l’injection du jus de mûre chez le rat anesthésié. L’effet du jus de mûre chez homme a été évalué lors d’un essai clinique avec des patients dislypidémiques, après lequel on a observé une réduction significative du tour de taille, du glucose, de la pression artérielle diastolique et des triglycérides (-20,3%) chez les patients qui ont consommé du jus de mûre à 40% v/v durant 6 semaines. En outre, lors de la fermentation du jus de mûre costaricienne avec des levures du type Saccharomyces cerevisiae, la teneur en sucres (glucose, fructose et saccharose) a été réduite presque totalement au bout de 10 jours et le séchage par atomisation d’un jus fermenté avec 10% de maltodextrine 6DE et 1% de Aerosil, à un débit de pulvérisation de 3 ml/min et avec un débit d’air chaud (150°C) de 650 L/h garantit l’obtention d’une poudre avec un rendement élevé de séchage. Enfin, cette étude suggère que la mûre Rubus adenotrichos présente un bénéfice potentiel sur la santé, spécialement contre toutes les pathologies liées au syndrome métabolique. Mots clés: Rubus adenotrichos, mûre, jus microfiltré, syndrome métabolique, dyslipidémie, antioxydante, antiinflammatoire, hypotension / Tropical highland blackberry (Rubus adenotrichos Schltdl.) is widely cultivated and consumed in Costa Rica. However, there is little scientific research on this fruit. Therefore, our work aims to enhance blackberry importance through the study of its biological activity on the metabolic syndrome.Blackberry microfiltered juice has been shown to be rich in polyphenols (377.5 GA equivalents /100g), especially ellagitannins (from 90.39 to 141.89 EA equivalents/100g) and anthocyanins (from 56.93 to 73, 31 equivalents of cyanidin-3-glucoside/100g). The antioxidant power of blackberry juice was determined by the ORAC (4253.53 µmol TE/100g), FRAP (4703.84 µmol TE/ 100g), ABTS (1.075 µmol TE/100g) and LPO (15.88 µmol of hydroperoxide) methods and by measuring the antioxidant capacity of superoxide dismutase (767.33 U/ml) and catalase (70.33 nmol/min/ml) enzymes.Blackberry juice inhibited NO production induced by LPS+IFN gamma when used as a pretreatment on J774A.1 cells. Inhibition was 51.95% for the blackberry juice at 1000 µg/ml, without affecting neither cell viability nor the concentration of proteins in J774A.1 cells. The anti-inflammatory activity has been confirmed by the decrease in the rate of inducible nitric oxide synthase in these cells by Western blot analysis.This study used an in vivo model to assess the effect of blackberry juice consumption in insulin-resistant rats. The intake of blackberry caused a decrease in serum triglycerides (-50.2%), total cholesterol (-15.6%), LDL cholesterol (-48.2%) and in the systolic blood pressure of rats compared to controls, without affecting HDL cholesterol or blood sugar levels. The hypotensive effect of the juice has been confirmed by a reduction of 54.2% of the diastolic blood pressure in the measurement of blood pressure after injection of the blackberry juice in the anesthetized rat.The effect of blackberry juice on humans was evaluated in a clinical trial with patients suffering dyslipidemia, after which a significant reduction in waist circumference, glucose, diastolic blood pressure and triglycerides (-20,3%) was observed in patients who consumed 40% v/v blackberry juice for 6 weeks.Also, during fermentation of blackberry juice with yeasts of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae type, the sugar content (glucose, fructose and sucrose) was reduced almost totally after 10 days and the spray drying of the fermented juice with 10% maltodextrin 6DE and 1% Aerosil, at a spraying rate of 3 ml/min and with a flow of hot air (150°C) of 650 L/h ensures to obtain a powder and a high efficiency in drying.Finally, this study suggests that the blackberry specie Rubus adenotrichos presents a potential health benefit, especially against all diseases related to metabolic syndrome.Keywords: Rubus adenotrichos, blackberry, microfiltered juice, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypotension

La résistance à l’insuline (RI) est un processus biologique fondamental impliqué dans la plupart des maladies complexes avec un important impact dans la mortalité des populations humaines et qui reconnaît une composante génétique en interaction avec les facteurs nutritionnels. Les aminoacides ramifiés (BCAA) sont des composantes essentielles de notre diète et ont été reconnus comme de nouveaux acteurs dans la pathogénie de l’obésité et du diabète sucré soit comme des bio-marqueurs soit comme des régulateurs au niveau périphérique ou dans le système nerveux central. Ce travail a été proposé dans le cadre du projet Européen MEDIGENE (FP7-279171) visant le syndrome métabolique dans les populations Méditerranéennes. Dans ce contexte, nous avons utilisé une approche génétique combinant les SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) et la cartographie dense des haplotypes. Nous avons mis en évidence de nouveaux gènes dans les phases tardives du catabolisme des BCAA, bien que le signal d’association ait été en relation complexe avec les taux plasmatiques de BCAA et la mesure in vivo de la RI. Dans une approche similaire, nous avons identifié sur le chromosome 4p14 un nouveau locus en relation avec la RI et le système de récompense cérébral impliquant le fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21. Ces données ont soulevé l’intérêt pour une estimation rapide et efficace de l’apport en BCAA dans la diète nous emmenant à développer une nouvelle base de données du contenu des aliments en BCAA. Cette base est intégrée dans un nouveau logiciel pour le recueil des enquêtes alimentaires (rappels de 24h) et qui pourra être utilisée par des praticiens d’une manière sécurisée dans les pays de la Méditerranée, ouvrant ainsi de nouvelles perspectives en nutrigénomique. / Insulin resistance (IR) is a fundamental biological process involved in majority of complex disorders with high impact on mortality of human populations and with a strong genetic component in interaction with nutritional factors. Branched chain amino acids (BCAA) are essential components of human diet and recognized as new actors in pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes mellitus either as biomarkers or regulators at the peripheral systemic and nervous system. This work was proposed in the frame of the European project MEDIGENE (FP7-279171) studying the metabolic syndrome in several Mediterranean populations. In this context, we have used a genetic approach combining SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) and fine scale haplotype mapping. We identified new genes in the later steps of BCAA catabolism responsible for IR, albeit displaying a complex signal in relation with BCAA plasma levels and in vivo IR measured by minimal model. With a similar approach, we identified equally a new locus of Chromosome 4p14 for IR in cooperation with the cerebral rewarding system involving fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 regulation. These data roused particular interest in estimating BCAA intake leading to the development of a novel database of BCAA content in food. This database is embedded in a new computer program for collecting dietary records (24HDR) and can be used securely by practitioners around Mediterranean countries and opening new perspectives in the nutrigenomic field.

BACKGROUND & AIMS - Metabolic syndrome (MetS), characterized by abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, and insulin resistance is a major public health concern in the United States. The effect of Apolipoprotein E (Apo E) polymorphism has been relatively well studied in relation to cardiovascular disease; however, its effects on MetS are not well established. METHODS - We conducted a cross-sectional study consisting of 1,551 participants from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Family Heart Study to assess the relation of Apo E polymorphism with the prevalence of MetS. Information on the different Apo E genotypes was extracted from the database and we defined MetS according to the AHA-NHLBI-IDF-WHO Harmonized Criteria. We used generalized estimating equations to estimate adjusted odds ratios for prevalent MetS and the Bonferroni correction to account for multiple testing in the secondary analysis. RESULTS – Our study population had a mean age (SD) of 56.5 (11.0) years and 49.7% had MetS. There was no association between the Apo E genotypes and MetS. The multivariable adjusted ORs (95% CI) were 1.00 (reference), 1.26 (0.31-5.21), 0.89 (0.62- 1.29), 1.13 (0.61-2.10), 1.13 (0.88-1.47) and 1.87 (0.91-3.85) for the *e3/e3, *e2/e2, *e2/e3, *e2/e4, *e3/e4 and *e4/e4 genotype respectively. In a secondary analysis, the *e2/e3 genotype was associated with lower HDL levels, with the multivariable adjusted ORs (95% CI) of 0.59 (0.36-0.95) when compared to the reference *e3/e3 genotype. CONCLUSIONS - Our findings do not support an association between Apo E polymorphism and MetS in a multi-center population based study of predominantly white US men and women. The *e2/e3 genotype was associated with lower HDL levels as compared to the *e3/e3 genotype. KEY WORDS: Apolipoprotein E (Apo E) polymorphism, metabolic syndrome, blood pressure, glucose, waist circumference, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol

Orientador: Roberto Carlos Burini / Banca: Wilson Medina Luvizoto / Resumo: A síndrome metabólica (SM) é composta por uma constelação de doenças caracterizadas por resistência insulínica, dislipidemia aterogênica e hipertensão arterial, acompanhadas de comorbidades pró-trombóticas, pró-oxidantes e pró-inflamatórias. Apresenta, como principal fator de risco a obesidade e, como etiologia, o estilo de vida não saudável, pela inadequação alimentar e/ou inatividade física. A atenção primária efetiva se faz pela mudança do estilo de vida e, na intervenção alimentar, vem ganhando força a suplementação com ácidos graxos poli-insaturados ômega-3, pelas suas propriedades redutoras dos triglicerídios, da resistência insulínica, cardioprotetoras e anti-inflamatórias. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos adicionais dos AGPI ômega-3 sobre os componentes da SM e comorbidades de adultos submetidos a programa de modificação do estilo de vida (MEV). Em ensaio clínico prospectivo, foram estudados 61 indivíduos adultos (50 ± 13,8 anos), 85% mulheres, clinicamente triados para participarem de MEV, com supervisão multiprofissional. A amostra foi dividida em 2 grupos: o controle (G1, n = 26) apenas com MEV (exercício físico de caminhada e academia supervisionados e aconselhamento alimentar) e o grupo suplementado (G2, n = 35), com intervenção com AGPI ômega-3 (3g/dia) + MEV. A duração do experimento foi de 20 semanas, com avaliações nos momentos basal (M0), após 10 semanas (M1) e 20 semanas (M2) de MEV. As avaliações incluíram atividade (tempo de esteira e VO2max) e aptidão (força muscular) físicas, hábito dietético (IAS) e ingestão alimentar (recordatório de 24 horas), antropometria (IMC e CA), pressão arterial (PA) e biomarcadores plasmáticos de dislipidemia, resitência insulínica... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The metabolic syndrome (MS) consists of a constellation of disorders characterized by insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia and hypertension, accompanied by pro-thrombotic, pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory comorbidities. Obesity is its major risk factor, and its etiology consists of unhealthy lifestyles due to inadequate diet and/or physical inactivity. Primary care is effective if lifestyle change and dietary intervention occur, and supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has gained strength as a result of its cardio-protective and anti-inflammatory properties in reducing triglycerides and insulin resistance. This study aimed to investigate the additional effects of omega-3 PUFA on the components of the metabolic syndrome and comorbidities of adults participating in a lifestyle change program (LSC). In a prospective clinical trial, we studied 61 adults (50±13.8 years), 85% of whom were women clinically screened to participate in LSC with multi-professional supervision. The sample was divided into two groups: control (G1, n=26), only undergoing LSC (supervised physical exercises which included walking and a fitness program as well as nutritional counseling) and the supplemented group (G2, n=35), intervention with omega- 3 PUFA (3 g/day) + LSC. The experiment lasted 20 weeks, with assessments at the baseline time (M0), after 10 weeks (M1) and 20 weeks (M2) of LSC. The assessments included physical activity (VO2max) and fitness (muscular strength), dietary habits (HEI) and food intake (24-hour recall), anthropometric measures (BMI and WC), blood pressure (BP) and plasma biomarkers for dyslipidemia, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), oxidative (MDA) and inflammatory (CRP) stress. For statistical comparisons, we used the SAS software, version 9.2 for Windows, with significance... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The relationship between lifestyle and metabolic syndrome in college students as well as differences between men and women are analyzed. 970 students (67.4% women, 32.6% men) were randomly selected and assessed on lifestyle (EV), central obesity, and metabolic syndrome(SM). Results showed 4.63% with SM and 36.65% with obesity, women predominated. Predominant EV was good and better in men than women, highest frequency of SM was in bad EV. Relationship between gender, obesity, and SM was significant for the studied population. Differences were found between men and women. / El presente estudio busca analizar la relación entre estilo de vida y el síndrome metabólico en estudiantes universitarios, así como establecer si existen diferencias por sexo. Los participantes fueron 970 estudiantes (67.4% fueron mujeres y 32.6% hombres) seleccionados a partir de un muestreo aleatorio. Se evaluó el Estilo de vida (EV), la Obesidad central y el Síndrome metabólico (SM). Los resultados mostraron SM en 4.63% y obesidad en 36.65%, con mayor frecuencia en las mujeres. El EV predominante fue bueno y mejor en hombres que en mujeres, y la mayor frecuencia del SM fue en el EV malo. La relación entre género, obesidad, y SM fue significativa para la población estudiada. Se encontraron diferencias entre hombres y mujeres.

O papel da dieta na síndrome metabólica (SM) tem sido estudado em relação a cada um de seus componentes: obesidade, níveis pressóricos elevados, dislipidemia e alterações no metabolismo da glicose. Entretanto, poucos estudos avaliaram os efeitos da dieta na presença da SM como uma entidade clínica independente. O objetivo deste manuscrito foi revisar a importância dos fatores dietéticos e as recomendações dietoterápicas na SM. Estudos recentes demonstraram que o consumo de grãos integrais foi associado negativamente com a SM. Já alimentos com alto índice glicêmico foram associados positivamente com resistência à insulina e prevalência de SM. O seguimento de uma dieta mediterrânea foi capaz de reduzir o número de componentes da SM. Também a adoção da dieta DASH melhorou o perfil de todos os componentes da SM. Recomenda-se para pacientes com SM um valor energético total compatível com a obtenção e/ou manutenção do peso corporal desejável. O conteúdo de gordura, em especial o consumo de gordura saturada, e colesterol deve ser reduzido e o consumo de grãos integrais, frutas e vegetais, aumentado. Provavelmente as fibras alimentares tenham um papel importante no manejo dietoterápico da SM. Novos estudos que avaliem o papel da dieta na presença e no desenvolvimento da SM são necessários. / The role of diet in metabolic syndrome (MS) has been studied regarding each one of its components: obesity, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and abnormal glucose metabolism. However, few studies evaluated the effects of diet in the presence of MS as a unique independent disease. The aim of this manuscript was to review the role of dietary factors and dietary recommendations for MS. Recently some studies have demonstrated that intake of whole-grain foods were negatively associated with MS. Foods with high glycemic index were positively associated with insulin resistance and the prevalence of MS. Following a Mediterranean-style diet caused a reduction in the number of MS components. Also, the adoption of the DASH diet improved the profile of all MS components. A total daily energy intake to obtain and/or to maintain a desirable weight is recommended for patients with MS. The fat content, especially from saturated fat, and cholesterol, must be reduced and the intake of whole-grain foods, fruits and vegetables, must be increased. Probably, dietary fibers have an important role in the management of MS. New studies to evaluate the role of diet in the presence and development of MS are needed.

Introdução: A psoríase é uma doença inflamatória crônica, que afeta a pele, couro cabeludo, unhas e ocasionalmente as articulações. A prevalência da psoríase varia de 0,6 a 4,8% na população mundial, afetando homens mulheres igualmente. A doença tem sido associada a um maior risco de desenvolvimento de várias comorbidades. O objetivo desse estudo é avaliar a associação entre psoríase e a presença de comorbidades como hipertensão, diabetes, dislipidemia, obesidade, depressão e os hábitos de fumar e ingerir bebidas alcoólicas. Métodos: Estudo caso-controle (psoríase x não psoriásicos) realizado no ambulatório de Dermatologia do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Foram avaliados os parâmetros de: peso, altura, pressão arterial, circunferência abdominal e diagnóstico de comorbidades. Nos pacientes com psoríase avaliou-se também a estimativa da área corporal acometida. Resultados: O estudo incluiu 350 casos (55,1% mulheres) e 346 controles (63,6% mulheres). A média de idade dos casos em anos foi 49,81 e nos controles 48,5. Os fatores de riscos que apresentaram diferença significativa entre casos e controles estudados foram: cintura abdominal aumentada com p<0,01 e OR=2,1 (IC 95%1,3-3,3); o Índice de Massa Corporal p=0,01 e OR= 1,8 (IC 95%1,1-2,9), tabagismo com p<0,01, OR=2,1 (IC 95%1,4-2,9) e depressão com p < 0,01 e OR=2,1 (IC 95%1,4-3,2). As variáveis triglicerídeos e o consumo habitual de álcool perderam a significância após ajuste para e idade, assim como a hipertensão. Colesterol HDL, diabetes, cardiopatia e comorbidades não listadas não mostraram diferença significativa na amostra. Ao compararmos os pacientes com estimativa de acometimento da área corporal menor e maior que 20%, as comorbidades hipertensão (p=0,03 e OR=1,69 (IC 95% 1,1 - 2,6) e diabetes (p<0,01 e OR= 2,9 (IC 95%1,6-5,4) mostraram diferença significativa. O tabagismo foi mais significativo entre os pacientes com estimativa de acometimento da área corporal menor que 20% (p<0,01 e OR 0,5 (IC 95% 0,3-0,8). As demais variáveis (cardiopatia, síndrome metabólica, depressão, comorbidades não listadas, uso de álcool, cintura abdominal alterada, Índice de Massa Corporal > 25kg/m2, triglicerídeos e colesterol HDL) não mostraram diferença entre os pacientes com maior e menor acometimento da área corporal. Conclusão: Nossos resultados confirmam a prevalência de significantes comorbidades em pacientes com psoríase quando comparado com os controles. Estes achados reforçam a necessidade da implementação de uma rotina de rastreamento para riscos metabólicos e cardiovasculares, assim como orientações sobre o estilo de vida e hábitos saudáveis. / Introduction: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the skin, scalp, nails and occasionally the joints. The prevalence of psoriasis varies from 0.6 to 4.8% of the world population and affects men and women alike. The disease has been associated with an increased risk of several comorbidities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between psoriasis and comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, obesity, depression, smoking and alcohol use. Methods: A case-control study (psoriasis vs. no psoriasis) conducted in the Dermatology Outpatient Service of the Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre. The evaluated parameters were: weight, height, blood pressure, waist circumference and diagnosis of comorbidity. In the patients with psoriasis the affected body surface area was also evaluated. Results: The study included 350 cases (55.1% women) and 346 controls (63.6% women). The average age was 49.81 years in the cases and 48.5 in the controls The risk factors that showed significant differences between the studied cases and controls were: increased waist circumference with p <0.01 and OR = 2.1 (95% CI 1.3 to 3.3), Body Mass Index p = 0.01 and OR = 1.8 (95% CI 1.1 to 2.9), smoking with p <0.01, OR = 2.1 (95% CI 1.4 to 2.9) and depression with p <0. 01, and OR = 2.1 (95% CI 1.4 to 3.2). The variables, triglycerides and habitual consumption of alcohol lost significance after adjustment for age and gender, as did hypertension. HDL cholesterol, diabetes, heart disease and non-listed comorbidities showed no significant difference in the sample. When comparing patients with an estimated involved body surface area smaller and larger than 20%, the comorbidities, hypertension (p = 0.03 and OR = 1.69 (95% CI 1.1 - 2.6) and diabetes (p <0.01 and OR = 2.9 (95% CI 1.6 to 5.4) showed a significant difference. Smoking was more significant among patients with an estimated involved body surface area of less than 20% (p <0.01 and OR 0.5 (95% CI 0.3-0.8). With the other variables (heart disease, metabolic syndrome, depression, non-listed comorbidities, alcohol use, altered waist circumference, Body Mass Index > 25kg/m2, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol) there was no apparent difference between patients with smaller or larger affected body surface areas. Conclusion: Our results confirm the significant prevalence of comorbidities in psoriasis patients compared with controls. The patients with more than 20% of the BSA affected are 1.69 times more likely to have hypertension and 2.9 times more likely to have diabetes. These findings reinforce the need to implement routine screening for metabolic and cardiovascular risks, as well as guidance on lifestyle and healthy habits.