Parliamentary talk, despite its central place in politics, has not been the focus of many qualitative studies. The present study investigates how parliamentary talk emerges in a dialogue between different arguments in the parliament. At the same time, this is a study of politics, of how human interaction gives birth to laws that regulate life in two contemporary democracies, Slovakia and Poland. It provides a close-reading of two political debates: on the state language in Slovakia and on gender parity in Poland. This study draws on hermeneutic and semiotic thinkers such as Gadamer, Bakhtin and Lotman to elaborate a dialogical understanding of language that can provide the basis for a method of textual analysis. The dialogical understanding of language emphasises that text and talk must be studied in the context of an interaction. The unit of analysis is a pair of utterances, a question and an answer. Until an utterance has been interpreted, it carries only the potential of meaning; its meaning is materialised by the responses it receives. The study further argues that conversation analysis and its tools can usefully be applied to the study of political debate. The method provides for the analysis of the dynamics between micro-scale interaction in the parliament and the macro-scale dynamics of culture. These dynamics assume two different forms that Lotman termed as “translation” and “explosion”. The study shows that parliamentary debate is characterised by a constantly evolving topic of discussion, namely that the meaning of the bill at the start of the debate and at the end of the debate are really two different bills. This is not because the content of the bill has undergone changes, but because in the course of the debate, the bill has generated new cultural connections. Casting a vote in support of the bill does not approve just the bill itself but a whole set of interconnected political, social and cultural values—what Lotman approached as the semiosphere. This study suggests Lotman’s cultural semiotics can provide for “imperfect hermeneutics” that is sensitive to the dynamic and contested nature of tradition in politics whilst acknowledging the inevitability of culture in mediating political talk.

Submitted by Livia Mello (liviacmello@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-10-06T11:52:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissADR.pdf: 2257456 bytes, checksum: 583b4a4e604c515684fa215d3e21777e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-10T20:08:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissADR.pdf: 2257456 bytes, checksum: 583b4a4e604c515684fa215d3e21777e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-13T19:39:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissADR.pdf: 2257456 bytes, checksum: 583b4a4e604c515684fa215d3e21777e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-13T19:39:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissADR.pdf: 2257456 bytes, checksum: 583b4a4e604c515684fa215d3e21777e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / Não recebi financiamento / O bem é mau e o mal é bom, assim, o vilão, não é de todo, um sujeito mal. Direcionar novos olhares para os conceitos de feio e belo, bem e mal a partir da reflexão sobre a constituição do inimigo e como este se torna o vilão foi a proposta deste trabalho, por isso, ele tem como objetivo principal compreender como se constitui o vilão, Melkor, em O Silmarillion de J. R. R. Tolkien, obra esta que narra o surgimento de Arda – mundo ficcional do autor, onde se passam as histórias de sua mitologia – os acontecimentos de sua Primeira Era, surgimento do bem e do mal e as constituições morais e éticas dos sujeitos com base nessa dicotomia. Refletir sobre estas questões levou a percepção de que é na alteridade, na relação eu-outro, que se constitui o sujeito valorado como vilão. Para tanto, recorreu-se as teorias preconizadas pelo filosofo da linguagem russo Mikhail Bakhtin e o Círculo, como caminho metodológico, conjuntamente com a jornada do herói desenvolvida por Joseph Campbell em O Herói de Mil Faces. Esse exercício se dá na tentativa de demonstrar que o vilão não é apenas um antagonista do herói e detentor de todo o mal, mas sim um sujeito singular e único na sua vida que se constitui na relação com o outro. Ele é valorado socialmente de forma negativa, seja pelos seus atos ou estética, a partir do olhar do outro e do seu posicionamento moral na realidade em que faz parte, tendo assim, seus atos considerados como perversos e sua estética como feia, monstruosa ou grotesca. Conclui-se que o vilão, assim como herói, é bem e mal, feio e belo e a sua constituição se dá na relação com o outro. O herói também comete ações contra o vilão, também é monstruoso e grotesco, no entanto ele é aquele que concorda com um discurso dominante. E é quando herói se coloca na relação com o vilão, aquele que questiona, que ambos se constituem como bons e maus; belos e feios.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T17:16:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo4135_1.pdf: 2409366 bytes, checksum: 60108e4e2b89581a351d558ca8f31b67 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / A teoria do enunciado dialógico desenvolvido por Mikhail Bakhtin se apresenta como modelo teórico apto a justificar a produção judicial do direito, já que esta se coloca em ambiente discursivo, em que o outro se apresenta como integrante do processo de comunicação, atuando de forma responsiva. No mandado de segurança, a decisão judicial é posta com base na cognição feita pelo magistrado. O modelo de cognição acolhido na doutrina pátria, apesar de explicar a mudança entre a liminar (cognição sumária) e a sentença (cognição exauriente), não explica a mudança quando esta ocorre entre a sentença (cognição exauriente) e o acórdão (cognição exauriente). Isso se dá porque o modelo clássico parte da premissa equivocada de utilizar no direito as categorias próprias das ciências naturais. Sob o prisma dialógico tal problema não ocorre, já que o ato decisório, seja ele qual for, por ser um enunciado dialógico, goza do atributo da conclusividade e da exauribilidade, que o torna completo, mas aberto a resposta na cadeia discursiva. Assim a decisão que julga a liminar é um enunciado completo, pleno de sentido, que se coloca para o outro, tal qual a sentença e o acórdão. O modelo de análise de Mikhail Bakhtin compreende a mudança não como um problema, mas como algo inerente ao processo enunciativo. Mesmo quando a decisão é confirmada, a confirmação é uma resposta elaborada pelo outro na cadeia do enunciado

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2015-03-04T11:18:14Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rafael Barrozo de Carvalho - 2014.pdf: 1034671 bytes, checksum: 726866a9afeebcab00e07cbba2919715 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-03-04T12:20:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rafael Barrozo de Carvalho - 2014.pdf: 1034671 bytes, checksum: 726866a9afeebcab00e07cbba2919715 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T12:20:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rafael Barrozo de Carvalho - 2014.pdf: 1034671 bytes, checksum: 726866a9afeebcab00e07cbba2919715 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Este trabajo analiza las obras de Ferreira Gullar, específicamente, A Luta Corporal, Dentro da Noite Veloz y el Poema Sujo, desde la perspectiva de las teorías del escritor y autor de Mikhail Bakhtin (20010). Para el teórico ruso, el escritor es una persona común, que tiene posición ética, moral y social, y aún trabaja con el lenguaje, de una forma que consigue crear un personaje ajeno a su vida cotidiana. El autor, a su vez, es la figura existente en la obra de arte – una instancia del lenguaje en el texto. La hipótesis inicial es mostrar la consubstanciación de estas figuras bakhtinianas en el poeta maranhense. Para tanto, partimos de los siguientes supuestos teóricos para analizar, inicialmente, el escritor Gullar y, más tarde, el autor. Dividimos, inspirados en los postulados de Maria Zaira Turchi (1985), las obras del poeta en cinco faces o momentos: experimentalista, concretista/neoconcretista, cordelista, social y memorialista. Observamos varias obras de todos los momentos de Gullar para, en seguida, centrarnos nuestro análisis en las tres obras destacadas y ver el escritor y el autor inseparables en el caso de Gullar. Para profundizar la discusión a respeto de las obras del poeta, nos volvimos a fuentes teóricas como Zaira Turchi (1985), Hermenegildo Bastos (2002), Alfredo Bosi (2003), Beth Brait (1981), Carlos Nejar (2007), Alcides Villaça (1984) y las obras autocríticas, así como entrevistas y testimonios del proprio Gullar, en que varias veces se dedicó al estudio de la literatura y, específicamente, de sus poemas. A partir de este trabajo, observamos que hay, efectivamente, un desdoblamiento de Gullar en sus obras, de modo que la figura escritor y autor son indisociables en las obras poéticas del poeta, desde su primero momento hasta su más reciente. / Este trabalho analisa as obras de Ferreira Gullar, especificamente, A Luta Corporal, Dentro da Noite Veloz e o Poema Sujo, sob a perspectiva das teorias de escritor e autor de Mikhail Bakhtin (2010). O escritor, para o teórico russo, é a pessoa comum, que tem posição ética, moral e social, mas possui ainda o domínio no trabalho com a linguagem e cria um personagem alheio à sua vida cotidiana. O autor, por sua vez, é a figura existente na obra de arte – uma instância da linguagem do texto. A hipótese inicial é comprovar ou refutar a consubstanciação dessas figuras bakhtinianas no poeta maranhense. Para tanto, partimos desses pressupostos teóricos para analisar, inicialmente, o escritor Gullar e, posteriormente, o autor. Seguindo os postulados de Maria Zaira Turchi (1985), classificamos as obras do poeta em cinco faces ou momentos: experimentalista, concretista/neoconcretista, cordelista, social e memorialista. Observamos diversas obras dos vários momentos de Gullar para, em seguida, focarmos nossa análise nas três obras destacadas e observarmos o escritor e o autor indissociáveis no caso de Gullar. Para aprofundar a discussão a respeito das obras do poeta, recorremos aos estudos de Turchi (1985), Hermenegildo Bastos (2002), Alfredo Bosi (2003), Beth Brait (1981), Carlos Nejar (2007), Alcides Villaça (1984) e às obras autocríticas, bem como as entrevistas e depoimentos do próprio Gullar, que várias vezes se dedica ao estudo de literatura e, especificamente, de seus poemas. A partir deste trabalho, observamos que há, efetivamente, um desdobramento de Gullar em suas obras, de modo que a figura escritor e autor são indissociáveis nas obras poéticas do poeta, desde seu primeiro momento até seu mais recente.

Eskinita and Other Poems Eskinita and Other Poems is a collection of poems and sequences with Manila as its context and the city walker as its key figure. An eskinita - a Tagalog diminution of the Spanish word esquina, which means "corner" - is a term used to refer to sidestreet so narrow that even a car would find it hard to maneuver there; an eskinita that leads to a dead end, moreover, is called an interior. Grounded in, yet taking flight from, the language and imagery of Manila, the manuscript draws on the city's history and its present moment as it juxtaposes personal experiences and scholarly sources to portray a city whose development - considered in works like Nick Joaquin's Manila, My Manila, Manuel Caoili's The Origins of Metropolitan Manila, and Robert Reed's Colonial Manila - is bound up with political, social, economic, and postcolonial structures. Through this space goes the city walker, a figure considered in literary and theoretical texts like Walter Benjamin's study on the flâneur, Michel de Certeau's analysis of walking, and psychogeographic writings of the Situationists. The poems are concerned with formal strategies that take their cues from Anglo-American Modernism - collages of texts in lyric and prose, serial structures, and line splicings - and aim to express the complex experience of walking in Manila, of writing Manila: juxtapositions and interpenetrations between interior and exterior, scholarly and demotic language, past and present. The long poem Eskinita extends the use of these devices: apart from prose and verse combinations, it incorporates quotation, parataxis, and photography. Although the overt aim is to offer, using the aesthetic resources of poetry, multiple and refracted views of Manila, Eskinita nevertheless endeavours to express - by constraining words, lines, and page layout - a sense of containment and limit. By counterpointing multiple textual and visual modes - and including various sources and formal devices - Eskinita and Other Poems explores and sometimes rejoices in the tensions between polyphonic and disjunctive elements, and the way their structures generate resonance and dialogue between unlikely familiars. Form, Historiography, and Nation in Nick Joaquin's Almanac for Manileños This thesis argues that the Almanac - when contextualised within the long-standing tradition of the almanac genre, and examined using the theoretical underpinnings of Mikhail Bakhtin's notion of heteroglossia, Walter Benjamin's views of fragmentary historiography, and intertwining aspects of literary form and nation formation - expresses the multiple, not singular, temporalities that constitute and complicate the Filipino nation. Produced in 1979, during Martial Law in the Philippines, the Almanac's formal strategy - demonstrated by the accommodation of discrepant genres, compression and correspondence in the calendars, and fragmentation in the essays - is a kind of non-linear historical emplotment. Such an aesthetic - derived in part from Modernism - is distinct from, and critically interrogates, fixed and linear articulations of national history. The focus of the analysis is a reading of the Almanac's calendars and essays. The distinctions and interactions between these subgenres result in a text that is both cohesive and stratified: calendrical entries which are comprised of national and religious elements and have past and future orientations inhabit the same space as temporally disjunctive essays. Despite fragmentation, the Almanac is nevertheless held together by correspondences and associations. The Almanac's oblique and tangential strategy of representing Philippine history - when seen in the light of the obsolescence of a now-moribund but then-vital genre - critiques linear historiography. By accommodating accounts of missed chances and foregrounding seemingly irrelevant details, Joaquin's Almanac interrogates historical narratives which, in the name of progress, fail to incorporate materials that are aberrant and inconsequential.

The thesis relates Coetzee’s focus on animals to his more familiar themes of the possibility of fiction as a vehicle for serious ethical issues, the interrogation of power and authority, a concern for the voiceless and the marginalised, a keen sense of justice and the question of secular salvation. The concepts developed in substantial analyses of The Lives of Animals and Disgrace are thereafter applied to several other works of Coetzee. The thesis attempts to position J.M. Coetzee within the animal rights debate and to assess his use of his problematic persona, Elizabeth Costello, who controversially uses reason to attack the rationalism of the Western philosophical tradition and who espouses the sympathetic imagination as a means of developing respect for animals. Costello’s challenge to the philosophers is problematised by being traced back to Plato’s original formulation of the opposition between philosophers and poets. It is argued that Costello represents a fallible Socratic figure who critiques not reason per se but an unqualified rationalism. This characterisation of Costello explains her preoccupation with raising the ethical awareness of her audience, as midwife to the birth of ideas, and perceptions of her as a wise fool, a characterisation that is confirmed by the use of Bakhtin’s notion of the Socratic dialogue as one of the precursors of the modern novel. Along with the Platonic/Socratic binary, Bakhtin’s concepts of polyphony, dialogism and monologism are applied to analyses of Coetzee’s fiction, which, in keeping with his anti-authoritarianism, is shown to be polyphonic. Costello’s apparently insensitive and repeated comparison of industrialised animal farms to Nazi concentration camps is likewise scrutinised. It is argued that the point of the comparison is to question the normality and humanity of societies that choose to ignore the suffering of animals in the animal exploitation industries. Her raising the question of this willed ignorance is related to Socrates’ maxim that evil is a result of ignorance, and Coetzee’s concern with the psychic cost to their humanity of those complicit in these industries is considered. David Lurie’s evocation of Holocaust imagery in Disgrace is also examined, as is the role of art and the sympathetic imagination in attaining a degree of grace. Platonic ideas on eros, beauty, art and immortality are found to be central to Coetzee’s fiction, not only to that relating to Costello but also to Disgrace and much of his other work. While acknowledging the importance of Plato, Coetzee continuously extends, tests and subverts his ideas, frequently subjecting them to carnivalistic play. Unexpected connections are made between Coetzee’s conception of the parent-child relationship, both biological and intellectual, and his notions of creativity, power and justice. Ideas of eating and fasting are explored in his fiction and related to the hunger-artistry of Franz Kafka. Coetzee’s ideas on animals, writing and diet are found to be essential to his notions of secular salvation and an ethical way of life. / Thesis (DLitt)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / English / unrestricted

Human dignity is an enunciated ethical principle in many societies, and it has elicited a great deal of interest, not least because it is central in health care. However, it has also been the subject of criticism. Some have argued that it is sufficient to rely on a principle of autonomy, and that dignity is a redundant principle or concept in health care. Other discussions have focused on the precise meaning of dignity, and how a principle of dignity should be interpreted and applied. This dissertation discusses questions on the principle of dignity and the meaning of the concept. In addition to a theoretical analysis of these questions, a qualitative research study has been carried out, based on interviews with physicians in palliative and neonatal care, and hospital chaplains, looking at dignity at the beginning and end of life. This dissertation can be categorised as empirical ethics because of its methodological approach. Based on a narrative analysis of the interviews, the results from the study shed light on the theoretical discussion on dignity. Through the history of ideas, dignity has often been linked to human abilities such as autonomy and rationality. However, autonomy is only one of the aspects which emerged from the qualitative research in this dissertation. Other aspects introduced into the discussion on dignity include human vulnerability, interdependence and the responsibility to face vulnerability in others. Some theoretical perspectives on dignity are criticised in the light of the empirical results. Furthermore, the dissertation includes a theological perspective where a Christological view – connected to Bakhtin’s ethics of responsibility – forms a critique to both the Kantian deontological perspective and dignity acquired by virtue. The dissertation also considers how the results can be applied to medical practice.

Bislang konzentrierten sich die Untersuchungen des westdeutschen Blicks auf Ostdeutschland auf den Zeitraum vor der Wende oder auf Rundfunk- und Fernseh-Medien. Die Gegenwartsliteratur stellt einen weißen Fleck in dieser Frage dar. Anhand des Chronotopos-Konzepts von Michail Bachtin werden in dieser Arbeit daher zeitliche und räumliche Tiefenstrukturen in der Darstellung Ostdeutschlands in den Werken Jan Böttchers und Andreas Maiers herausgearbeitet und mit ihrer Darstellung Westdeutschlands verglichen. Neben grundsätzlichen Unterschieden fallen dabei signifikante Übereinstimmungen auf.

Graham Swifts novel Last Orders has yet to be viewed as containing carnivalesque elements as defined by Mikhail Bakhtin in Rabelais and His World. Through the examination of Bakhtins theory of the carnivalesque and through a corresponding close reading of Last Orders, this article details the carnivalesque nature of the locations visited by the characters in the narrative, of the grotesque incidents that occur in these locations, and of the narrative style and structure of the novel itself.

The main aim of the dissertation is to examine the importance of the moment in relation to human experience and to the narrative in the writings of Stig Dagerman (1923-1954), primarily the novels Ormen (The Snake, 1945), De dömdas ö (The Island of the Doomed, 1946), Bränt barn (A Burnt Child, 1948), Bröllopsbesvär (Wedding Worries, 1949), the short stories "Den hängdes träd" (The Hanging Tree, 1945) and "De röda vagnarna" (The Red Wagons, 1946). The dissertation shows the moment as being of crucial importance by serving as the point of time for the fictional character’s critical experience. The moment also functions as a structuring principle for the narrative. In this, the discussion is supported by the theories on the chronotope found in the work of Mikhail Bakhtin. With the ideas of Michael Riffaterre as the principal theoretical basis in the study, the reading of the texts focuses on a matrix common to the works discussed. The reading goes from a description of the primarily profane subject matter of the narrative to an understanding of the religious discourse in the works. This interpretation receives additional support in the theories on religious and mystical experiences found in Rudolf Otto. Finally, the dissertation focuses on man’s sensitivity to, and longing for, a transcendental entity or a God in the broadest sense – a longing which manifests itself in different ways in these texts and is set against the human predicament of being. Man’s desperate religious longing for a transcendental entity or a God are ultimately understood as the significance or principle of unity in the texts under discussion.