Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-03-25T13:57:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 4iPay.pdf: 3380679 bytes, checksum: 49edaff25098492ab3c46fcf4aad082b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-25T13:57:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4iPay.pdf: 3380679 bytes, checksum: 49edaff25098492ab3c46fcf4aad082b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar um modelo de arquitetura e usabilidade para um sistema de pagamento móvel (Mobile Payment System), considerando as premissas de independência de dispositivo, de localização, de operadora de telefonia móvel e de administradora financeira para suprir as necessidades de efetivar pagamentos e recebimentos de qualquer natureza em ambientes de comércio ubíquo (Ubiquitous Commerce). O trabalho inicialmente descreve a motivação, os objetivos e os conceitos fundamentais sobre os quais se baseia a proposta do modelo. A seguir são elencados os principais trabalhos relacionados e uma análise comparativa detalhada é realizada, derivando as características mais importantes a serem consideradas no modelo proposto. Em seguida, é proposto um modelo de pagamento móvel, denominado 4iPay, onde são detalhados os objetivos, arquitetura, recursos e a proposta técnico-científica de comércio eletrônico em ambientes ubíquos. Na proposição do modelo foi considerada a convergência dos trabalhos relacionados analisados no que tange à ubiquidade, unicidade, universalidade e unissonância. Assim, o modelo 4iPay pretende reunir as melhores características, inovando e melhorando em alguns aspectos relevantes ao comércio ubíquo de fato. O modelo proposto visa propor uma solução diferenciada em termos de arquitetura, modelo de negócio, usabilidade, baixo consumo de banda e alto desempenho nas transações de pagamento e recebimento, em relação às propostas atuais, levando em consideração, nas transações comerciais eletrônicas móveis, questões como independência de dispositivo, localização física, segurança e confiabilidade, além de outras características expostas ao longo do trabalho, como otimização no uso de protocolos de comunicação e flexibilidade na utilização de conexões locais ou remotas. Também são descritos cenários efetivos de uso de onde e como o modelo 4iPay pode ser aplicado. Para tanto é apresentado o protótipo desenvolvido para avaliar o modelo. Por fim, são apresentados os resultados obtidos na avaliação dos cenários, nas avaliações de desempenho da aplicação e na pesquisa de campo de aceitação do modelo proposto. / This work aims at presenting a usability and architectural model for a mobile payment system. In our model, we assume independence of devices, of location, of mobile operator, and of administrator, to allow all kinds of payment in ubiquitous environments (Ubiquitous Commerce). In this work, we begin describing motivation, goals, and fundamental concepts, in which the proposed model is based. Next, we present related works and a detailed comparative analysis of those projects, deriving the most important features. Later, we propose a model of mobile payment, called 4iPay, based on those features. We detail the 4iPay model, architecture, features, and the technical-scientific proposal of an electronic commerce system in ubiquitous environments. We consider, in the proposed model, the convergence of various related works in terms of ubiquity, unity, universality, and unison. Thus, 4iPay aims at bringing together the best features, innovating and improving in some aspects. In the model, we propose a distinguished solution in terms of architecture, business model, usability, low bandwidth consumption and high performance in payment and receipt transactions. We also consider issues such as device independence, physical location, security and reliability, and other features related to mobile electronic commerce transactions, such as optimizing communications protocols usage and flexibility in local or remote connections. We also present the effective use in scenarios of where and how 4iPay can be applied. For this purpose we present the prototype developed to evaluate the model. Finally, we present the scenarios assessment results, the application performance evaluation and the proposed model acceptance survey.

Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-07-10T21:37:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 36b.pdf: 8321284 bytes, checksum: 5ec8d2ae2a04b68405d9caf30d342a3a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-10T21:37:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 36b.pdf: 8321284 bytes, checksum: 5ec8d2ae2a04b68405d9caf30d342a3a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-19 / Nenhuma / O uso de dispositivos móveis como meio de pagamento vem crescendo ao longo dos últimos anos. Embora algumas implantações de carteiras digitais tenham sido bem sucedidas, ainda não existe um padrão a ser utilizado pelo mercado. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma solução para pagamento móvel através da utilização de uma carteira digital. Esta solução deve ser heterogênea, sendo disponibilizada para o maior número possível de dispositivos móveis, como telefones celulares e tablets, e deve permitir o pagamento entre dois usuários sem a necessidade de conexão à internet. O trabalho também leva em consideração as informações de contexto do usuário, e busca oferecer uma solução diferenciada ao usuário final, através da interface da aplicação com um servidor de pedidos, a ser instalado no estabelecimento comercial. A segurança também é um item importante, e o modelo deve prever a utilização de um elemento seguro, garantindo a segurança das informações gravadas no dispositivo. Foi desenvolvido um protótipo da arquitetura proposta, denominado Unipag. O protótipo foi desenvolvido através da avaliação de quatro diferentes soluções de carteira digital, sendo duas soluções acadêmicas e duas soluções comerciais. O protótipo foi desenvolvido inicialmente para o sistema Android, e foram realizadas duas avaliações. A avaliação por cenários demonstrou a utilização com sucesso da aplicação em cenários de pagamento cotidianos. A avaliação de usabilidade demonstrou que o aplicativo é de fácil utilização, e 96% dos usuários utilizariam a aplicação se disponível. Os resultados encorajam o estudo e demonstram a viabilidade da solução. / The use of mobile devices as a payment device has been growing over the last few years. Although some deployments of digital wallets have been successful, there is still no standard to be used by market. This work aims to present a solution for mobile payment through the use of a digital wallet. This solution must be heterogeneous, being made available to the largest possible number of mobile devices such as mobile phones and tablets, and should allow payment between two users without internet connection. The solution also considers the context information of the user, and seeks to offer a different solution to the end user through the application interface with a server application to be installed on the premises. Safety is also an important item, and the model should provide for the use of a secure element, ensuring the security of information stored on the device. We developed a prototype of the proposed architecture, called Unipag. The prototype was developed by evaluating four different solutions digital wallet, two academic solutions and two commercial solutions. The prototype was initially developed for the Android system, and were assessed twice. The evaluation scenarios demonstrated the successful use of the application for daily payment scenarios. The usability evaluation demonstrated that the application is easy to use, and 96% of users would use the application if available. The results encourage the study and demonstrate the feasibility of the solution.

Submitted by André Luis Milagres Fernandes (andreluis.fernandes@gmail.com) on 2018-07-26T17:21:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 TESE_FGV_ANDRE FERNANDES_VF.docx: 3451877 bytes, checksum: 5b4fa9b63d61baf05037f3324339f8b0 (MD5) TESE_FGV_ANDRE FERNANDES_VF.docx: 3451877 bytes, checksum: 5b4fa9b63d61baf05037f3324339f8b0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2018-08-01T14:14:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 TESE_FGV_ANDRE FERNANDES_VF.docx: 3451877 bytes, checksum: 5b4fa9b63d61baf05037f3324339f8b0 (MD5) TESE_FGV_ANDRE FERNANDES_VF.docx: 3451877 bytes, checksum: 5b4fa9b63d61baf05037f3324339f8b0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T18:29:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 TESE_FGV_ANDRE FERNANDES_VF.docx: 3451877 bytes, checksum: 5b4fa9b63d61baf05037f3324339f8b0 (MD5) TESE_FGV_ANDRE FERNANDES_VF.docx: 3451877 bytes, checksum: 5b4fa9b63d61baf05037f3324339f8b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-10 / O objetivo desta pesquisa é compreender fatores que influenciam a intenção de uso da moeda social digital, especificamente a influência da Percepção de Confiança Inicial, Percepção de Facilidade de Uso, Percepção de Risco e da Oportunidade de Experimentar o aplicativo da moeda social. O referencial teórico fundamenta-se nas teorias que buscam compreender a intenção de uso dos serviços de pagamentos móveis (M-payment). Os dados foram coletados a partir de um questionário em um levantamento amostral aliado a um experimento de campo aplicado a 256 usuários da moeda social em cédula de três bancos comunitários. A Oportunidade de Experimentar foi uma condição experimental aleatorizada para permitir uma inferência causal mais consistente. Para o teste das hipóteses de pesquisa empregamos o método de PLS-SEM (partial least squares - structural equation modeling). Os resultados indicam que a Oportunidade de Experimentar o aplicativo afeta positivamente a intenção de uso da moeda social digital por meio de seu efeito na percepção de facilidade de uso e percepção de risco sobre o aplicativo. A percepção de confiança também se mostrou como um fator que aumenta a intenção de uso da moeda social digital. / This study aims to understand factors that affect the intention to use a digital social currency, namely the influence of the Initial perception of trust, Perception of ease of use, perception of risk and opportunity to try the app of the digital social currency. The theoretical framework is based on theories that try to explain the intention to use mobile payment services (M-payment). The empirical data was collected by means of a questionnaire in a survey experiment applied to 256 users of the paper social currency of three different community banks. The opportunity to try the app was an experimental condition randomly assigned in order to allow for robust causal inference of its effects. Hypotheses were tested using Partial Least Squares structural equation models (PLS-SEM). Results indicate that the opportunity to try the app positively affects the intent to use the digital social currency by means of its effect on the perception of ease of use and the perception of risk about the app. Trust also showed a positive effect on the intention to use the digital social currency.

隨著科技不斷地進步與網際網路的日益普及，消費者手中的智慧型手機似乎早已不限用於傳統的通話功能。作者在十幾年前就曾幻想過，如果將來出門在外身上可以只攜帶一支手機，那該有多好。沒想到當初天真爛漫的想像，轉眼幾年後便已幾乎實現。隨著相機、手電筒、地圖、筆記本、隨身聽……等等逐一被我們放進智慧型手機裡，手機已經不再只是手機。而近年來大眾開始把「錢」放進手機，許多企業也紛紛推出「結合手機與錢」這種概念的各式產品與服務。當供給端與需求端都已出現時，行動支付產業就此產生。 行動支付有許多應用與模式，本研究主要針對兩個以即時通訊應用程式為初始業務的案例―微信以及LINE進行探討。兩家案例公司都是在原有業務成長至一定規模後，開始發展新興行動支付業務，分別為：微信發展微信支付，LINE發展LINE Pay。本研究不僅透過資料瞭解這兩個案例之發展歷程、營運模式以及現況；同時藉由策略行銷4C理論架構，逐步分析這兩個案例是如何各自處理交換關係中的四個成本。 研究結果發現，歷經了差不多的光陰，兩個案例所呈現出的現況卻是天壤之別。儘管兩者因為政治環境、市場規模，以及所面對之消費者習慣上的差異，導致經營成效有所落差。不過排除這些先天因素，微信支付相較於LINE Pay，確實於各階段將4C策略執行地更加完善，並因此推動4C良性循環。LINE Pay本身對於4C架構仍有許多進步空間，本研究最終建議LINE Pay可以參考微信支付部分作法，並針對台灣市場適度調整，期許LINE Pay能順利啟動4C良性循環，為自己創造長期競爭優勢。 / With the advances of technology and the popularization of the internet, nowadays smartphones can perform several functions besides communication (e.g., camera, flashlight, map, notebook, Walkman). Moreover, people begin “putting” the money on their smartphones in recent years. Many corporations have also launched new products or services featuring the combination of mobile phone and money. As the growth of both supply and demand in the market, the mobile payment industry has gradually formed. There are many kinds of application and models in the mobile payment industry. This thesis concentrates the attention on two instant messaging companies―WeChat and LINE. Both companies began expanding mobile payment business―WeChat Pay and LINE Pay―after their original business grew mature. This thesis not only reviews the development history and business models of two companies, but also uses the 4C analysis framework to analyze how they dealt with the four transaction costs. The study shows that the operating results of WeChat Pay and LINE Pay are very different. There is still room for LINE Pay to grow. Although WeChat Pay and LINE Pay face quite distinct political environment, market size, and consumers, the thesis suggests that LINE pay can refer to the strategies and methods of WeChat Pay, and make some adjustments so as to successfully create the positive 4C cycle and long-term competitive advantage.

Virtual currencies and mobile banking are technology advancements that are receiving increased attention in the global community because of their accessibility, convenience and speed. However, this popularity comes with growing security concerns, like increasing frequency of identity theft, leading to bigger problems which put user anonymity at risk. One possible solution for these problems is using cryptography to enhance security of Bitcoin or other decentralised digital currency systems and to decrease frequency of attacks on either communication channels or system storage. This report outlines various methods and solutions targeting these issues and aims to understand their effectiveness. It also describes Secure Bitcoin Wallet, standard Bitcoin transactions client, enhanced with various security features and services.

The advent of mobile payment solution has brought a mixed reaction on the mind of potential consumers on whether to adopt or not. Also, the mobile payment has elicited discussion about its future. The major question is on whether the technology will replace traditional banking processes, or if it will act as a compliment. The thesis seeks to promote the adoption of mobile payment by improving available information for stakeholders. The advent of mobile payment technology shows that it has a high number of benefits, but it does not match with the current adoption rate. The statistics show that the majority of users of mobile payment uses it to for smaller transactions such as the purchase of books and food. The slow uptake of mobile payment adoption vis a vis immense benefit of the platform. The disparity motivated the study on factors that influence solution adoptions. The thesis provides a clear linkage of factors such as environmental risk, reputation, trust, perceived usefulness, ease of use and mobility in influencing potential consumer attitude and intention to use a specific payment solution. / Potentiella konsumenter av mobila betalningslösningar har gett en blandad reaktion på huruvida de ska ta sig an innovationen eller inte. De nya betalningslösningarna har även väckt diskussioner huruvida innovationen ska ersätta traditionella bankprocesser eller om de kommer komplettera varandra. Arbetet har i syfte att främja upptagande av mobila betalningar genom att förbättra tillgänglig information för intressenter. Det visar sig att mobila betalningar har större antal förmåner än traditionella betalningslösningar, dock speglar detta inte graden av användningen av teknologin. Statistiken visar att majoriteten av användare av mobila betalningar använder sig av teknologin för mindre transaktioner som exemplvis köp av böcker och mat. Faktorer som påverkar upptagandet av nya innovationer är framförallt säkerhetsrisk, rykte, förtroende, uppfattad användbarhet, uppfattad användarvänlighet samt flexibiliteten av betalningslösningen.

Mobile payment services are expected to be the next step of the electronic payment evolution. However, the level of penetration in European countries is lower than expected. The focus of most academic research has been in two main areas: (i) mobile payment adoption by consumers and (ii) technical aspects of the service. Consequently, a number of themes remain under-researched. In order to expand knowledge on reasons that affect the wider penetration of mobile payments, challenges related to the introduction of mobile payment services in the market have been explored in this thesis. More specifically, this research has addressed two problem areas: (i) why mobile payments have not been widely adopted by merchants; and (ii) what effects that the introduction of mobile payments has had on the business networks of the involved actors. As an example, we use the mobile payment services applied in the Swedish retail industry. The study is focused on the main groups of stakeholders – the mobile payment providers, the retailers, and the consumers. First, this study has helped to identify what different stakeholders expect of mobile payments and how these services correspond to their needs. In order to analyse the expectations of stakeholders, we have developed an analysis framework based on the theory of diffusion of innovations, the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and the theory of network externalities. The analysis highlights the expectations of stakeholders and helps to understand what kind of mobile payment service merchants expect and are willing to adopt. One key finding is that existing mobile payment services for retailing could be further improved in order to ensure an enhanced purchasing process for consumers. Second, the research has explored the impact of mobile payment services on the business networks. In order to analyse the relationships and cooperation between business actors, and changes in business strategy and network structure, we used the approach proposed by the Industrial Marketing and Purchasing (IMP) Group. The performed analysis illustrates the following changes in the structure of business networks for the traditional payment solutions (bank cards): (i) emergence of new business actors (i.e. independent mobile payment providers); (ii) new roles and activities of business actors; and (iii) exclusion of traditional business actors (i.e. banks) from the mobile payment systems. All these changes lead to increased complexity of relationships and increased level of interdependence between business actors within the networks. The following changes in the strategies of involved actors have been identified: (i) mobile payment providers seek to achieve a control over the business network; (ii) the retailers affect strategies of the mobile payment providers; (iii) the marketing strategies of business actors include cross-marketing in different sectors. All these changes result in additional value and enhanced quality of service for consumers. In order to analyse a complex and multidisciplinary area such as mobile payments, it is beneficial to use more than one analysis approach. A combination of different complementing methods helps to explore different aspects of the phenomenon and provides a more comprehensive overview of several research aspects. This work contributes to the academic research of mobile payment service adoption by merchants through proposing a theoretical analysis framework. More specifically, the research addresses a new area – expectations of retailers when new solutions are introduced. The framework consists of the following criteria and aspects: technological feasibility, economic benefits, lower service costs, added value of services, network externalities and the problem of critical mass, and finally, ease of use. This framework helps to identify what merchants can expect of mobile payment services. Another area of contribution is the analysis of the effect that mobile payments make on the actors and business networks of traditional payment services. The introduction of new services results in emergence of new business actors, a need to establish new relationships, and increased complexity of a business network. Moreover, in order to succeed, cooperation between all network actors is needed. As a result, business actors have to adjust their services and strategies according to needs of others. / <p>QC 20150828</p>

《電子支付機構管理條例》自2015年2月實施後，陸續有相關子法作為補充。2015年底，金管會目標台灣非現金支付要在5年內達到52%，因此2016年被稱為｢支付元年｣。推廣線上支付最重要的除了市場動向外，莫過於法規的設置，因此本文探討目前的法制是否足以因應如此新興產業的需求，從進入門檻監理、消費者保護與產業發展三大個面向討論現行法規，並剖析是否有檢討之處。 由法制面審視我國對支付產業進入門檻的規定，反映了產業的競爭與發展的機會。而消費者的使用經驗是支付產業最佳的廣告，尤其支付系統多由小額且龐雜的交易組成，一旦紛爭發生，使用者大多自認倒楣，因此具有完備的防止糾紛或詐騙機制、資訊安全規範，產業才能永續發展。 / Since the implementation of the《Law on the Administration of Electronic Payment Institutions》in February 2015, the related regulations have been supplemented one after another. By the end of 2015, Financial Supervisory Commission set the target for non-cash payments in Taiwan to reach 52% of the total transaction within 5 years. So 2016 is called "the first year of payment". The most important thing promoting online payment is not only market trends, but also the establishment of legal system. Therefore, this article examines whether the current legal system is sufficient to meet the needs of such emerging industries, From entry barriers and supervision, consumer protection, industrial development, the three-oriented discussion of existing laws and regulations. From the legal point of view of Taiwanese payment industry entry barriers, it reflects the competition and development opportunities. The consumer experience is the best advertisement of payment industry. Especially the payment system is composed of small amount and complex transactions, once the dispute occurs, most users claim to be unfortunate. So there is a comprehensive mechanism to prevent disputes or fraud, information security norms, industry will be sustainable.

The digital payment industry has become one of the fastest evolving markets in the world, but in the wake of its rapid advancement, an ever increasing gap between academic theory and the actual reality of this market widens - and especially so when it comes to entry theory. It is widely acknowledged that the world is moving towards an ever more homogeneous economy, but despite the fact that payment preferences differ greatly from country to country - research on this subject continues to revolve mainly around localized efforts. But as historical inequalities between poor and rich societies continue to dissipate - learning from nations at the forefront of technological advancement increases the likelihood that the developed strategy becomes applicable to an increased number of countries. By selecting a nation most conducive to technological growth, the purpose of this report is to map the present dynamics in its digital payment industry using both recent and traditional market entry theory. However, studies geared towards globalized strategy formulation cannot be assumed as having guaranteed access to internal company-data at all times. So in order to facilitate such studies, the level of dependency on primary data required for conducting such research needs to be understood first, which is why the work in this report is constrained strictly to data of secondary nature. This, not only to further map the characteristics of this market, but also to see how open the market is to public inspection. Ultimately, the academic contribution becomes that of providing a road-map towards adapting currently available market entry theory to suit the rapidly evolving conditions of the digital payment industry from a global perspective and, when failing to do so, the aim is to also explore avenues for further research towards this end goal.