This thesis deals with analysis of company’s MBG, spol. s r.o. problems, following with teoretical basis for these problems and in the end, it suggests the solutions. These problems are insufficient monitoring, any of used technology are old and absent of any information security management system. The first part is focused on a teoretical basis for the described problems, the second part will completely analyze all mentioned problems of a company. Final part will contain a solution for every company’s problem, based on theory and analysis with taking care about company’s demand too.

Pour répondre aux enjeux de la longue vie opérationnelle des systèmes et de l’incertitude de l’environnement, la résilience complète la sûreté de fonctionnement pour prendre en compte les situations imprévisibles, sans précédent : l’objectif est de comprendre la situation pour éviter un accident. La qualité de l’interaction homme-machine est essentielle pour atteindre cet objectif. L’état de l’art présente la résilience des systèmes sociotechniques comme complémentaire à la sécurité. Mettre en œuvre la résilience affecte tant l’architecture système que les processus d’ingénierie système. Enfin, elle affecte aussi l’interaction homme-machine, tant son processus de conception centrée utilisateur, ses modèles utilisateur (persona), que ses modèles d’architecture. Nous avons créé le patron de conception « surveiller et alerter » appliqué à la fonction « éviter » de la résilience, pour donner aux opérateurs la capacité de comprendre la dynamique du système, le conduire à vue face à des situations imprévisibles, sans précédent afin d’éviter la survenue d’un accident. La proposition comprend aussi des processus à mettre en œuvre pour contribuer à la résilience d’un système critique à longue durée de vie. L’application au domaine ferroviaire s’appuie sur l’analyse de rapports d’enquête technique d’accidents. Elle se décline sur le patron de conception « surveiller et alerter » et sur le persona, in fine pour proposer des améliorations des interfaces utilisateur. Des perspectives de recherche complètent le mémoire. / The long operational lifecycle of systems and the uncertainty of the environment are a great challenge to engineers. Resilience enhances reliability and safety to take into account the unforeseeable situations, without precedent. The goal is to understand the situation to avoid an accident. The quality of the human-machine interaction is the key issue to achieve this goal. The state of the art explains that sociotechnical systems resilience completes safety approach. Implementaing resilience impacts both system architecture and systems engineering processes. At the end, implementing resilience impacts human-computer interaction, user centred design as well as architecture models. We created the design pattern “to monitor and alert” applied to the function “to avoid” of the resilience. Its goal is to give to the operators the capacity to understand the dynamics of the system, to control at sight vis-a-vis unforeseeable situations, in order to avoid an accident. The proposal contents the processes to be implemented to contribute to the resilience of long lifecycle critical systems. The application to the railway domain is based on the analysis of three accident technical reports. It is declined, on the processes to be implemented to contribute to the resilience of a system, on the design pattern “to monitor and alert” for the architecture of a resilient system and to propose improvements of the user interface. Research forecasts supplement the report.

Background: Indicators, primarily administrative indicators, the field of addiction studies are considered imperfect, approximate and associated with a number of issues. Among others, these issues are based in the fact that administrative indicators are not primarily research indicators. In spite of their shortcomings, these indicators are an important part of public policy making, as they are part of strategic documents and can be used to assess the situation and develop policies in the field of addictive substances. Objectives: The first objective of this thesis was to identify issues related to the administrative indicators. The second objective was to propose the directions for development in areas that had been identified as problematic, i.e., the theoretical and methodological framework. The third objective was to apply selected procedures that had been proposed in the previous parts of the thesis. Methods: To meet the first objective, the basic issues associated with the use of administrative indicators were identified using a narrative review of the literature. The directions for the development of the theoretical and methodological framework were elaborated, responding to the issues identified in the review. The third objective was achieved by application of the approaches described in the...

Oleanolic and ursolic acid (OA and UA) are triterpenic acids with diverse biological activities that are of interest to the pharmaceutical industry. To investigate the scope for producing these compound using cell suspension cultures of Salvia species, calli from S. officinalis, S. virgata and S. fruticosa were induced using several plant growth regulator (PGR) combinations. Eleven lines were selected for suspension induction from a pool of calli. Six suspension cultures were established successfully and cultivated in the Respiration Activity MOnitoring System® (RAMOS®) to obtain online data on their growth kinetics and to establish appropriate sampling schedules for the determination of their OA and UA production. Based on their observed growth behaviour, OA and UA contents, and aggregation properties, one suspension culture from each studied Salvia species was selected for further optimisation. The μmax values for these suspension cultures ranged from 0.20 to 0.37°d-1, their OA and UA contents were greater than 1.3 and 1.2 mg g-1, respectively, and they afforded maximum volumetric yields of 21.0 mg l-1 for OA and 32.8 mg l-1 for UA. These results will be useful in the development of a refined Salvia suspension-based process for OA and UA production.

This thesis project was conveyed in collaboration with Block Zero, a strategic Design Studio in Malmö, Sweden, with the purpose to design a product that develops a new type of interaction within the Smart Home. This design project will primarily focus on the research, exploration and definition of possible solutions, and the resulting design and development of the final product, a Smart Home Health Hub. From a global perspective, throughout the following document is covered a description of the design process from initial research to the final prototype. The project is defined in this approach and establishes the mentioned principles to guide the execution of the project through a deductive method, synthesising until the final result.

Magister Public Health - MPH / The introduction of National Health Insurance (NHI) and the Ideal Clinic Monitoring System have highlighted gaps and challenges with regard to medicine supply management (MSM) at primary health care (PHC) facilities. PHC facilities are the first point of contact communities have for their health needs, however, frequent stock-outs of medicines at PHC facilities in uMkhanyakude district, a rural district in KwaZulu-Natal, and have raised questions as to how medicine stock is managed at these facilities.

This Master Thesis was conducted in the Industrial Design Engineering program at theChalmers University of Technology in collaboration with RISE and Volvo Cars. The aimwas to investigate the difference in driving performance between a traditional mirror, CameraMonitoring System (CMS), and CMS with augmented reality information (AR). It wasfurthermore to develop guidelines for applying this knowledge when designing CMS forincreased user performance in cars. Literature studies, expert interviews, workshops, anduser tests were used to discover this knowledge.The user test was conducted in a virtual environment, with four driving scenarios definedfor testing. The scenes and animations for the test were built in Unity, and the test wasconducted in a simulated driving environment with VR-rig. Four categories of data werecollected in the test. Twenty-one participants from Volvo Cars completed the test and providedrelevant feedback on the design of CMS & AR.The user test results revealed that the participants’ driving performance using CMS (withoutaugmented information) did not improve over traditional mirrors. Most participantsindicated that they would only upgrade from a traditional mirror to a CMS car with AR,rather than just a CMS car, as CMS did not provide enough benefit over traditional mirrors.The paper also discussed possible reasons behind this finding.The feedback and suggestions from the participants on the design of CMS & AR obtainedthrough questionnaires and interviews are organized into a guideline on the design ofCMS & AR. In addition, this paper gave recommendations for future study.Finally, this paper also discussed the challenges and experiences encountered in this study.Among them, the limitation of doing tests in a VR environment is highlighted to helpfuture CMS research and testing. / Safe Car Driving with Head Up Displays andCamera Monitor Systems: (SCREENS) (Vinnova Dnr: 2020-05129)

La quantification de l’utilisation des antimicrobiens (UAM) est un élément clé des programmes de surveillance de la résistance aux antimicrobiens. Cette thèse a pour objectif général d’évaluer plusieurs méthodes de quantification de l’UAM dans les fermes laitières québécoises. Plus précisément, elle vise à définir un indicateur adapté au contexte canadien pour rapporter l’UAM chez les bovins, à déterminer le taux d’UAM annuel moyen dans les fermes laitières québécoises et à comparer différentes méthodes de quantification afin d’identifier une méthode potentielle de surveillance de l’UAM dans les fermes laitières québécoises. Une étude observationnelle de cohorte a été menée à partir du recrutement de 101 producteurs laitiers du Québec. Un inventaire des antimicrobiens utilisés a été réalisé pendant un an pour chaque ferme à partir de la collecte (1) des emballages de médicaments utilisés pour traiter les bovins et (2) des factures de meunerie détaillant les quantités d’aliments médicamenteux livrées. Le taux d’UAM a été estimé en nombre de doses définies par 100 vache-années. Les doses définies n’existaient pas pour les bovins au Canada et ont été développées : dose journalière (DDDbovCA) et dose pour un traitement complet (DCDbovCA). Étant donnée l’utilisation de formulations à action prolongée en production laitière (comme les intra-mammaires au tarissement), l’unité DCDbovCA a été privilégiée pour les analyses. Un taux moyen de 537 DCDbovCA/100 vache-années a été observé, soit 537 traitements antibiotiques administrés annuellement dans un troupeau standard de 100 vaches laitières. La voie d’administration intra-mammaire était la plus utilisée. Les antimicrobiens d’importance critique les plus prioritaires en médecine humaine représentaient 17,5% de l’utilisation totale. Une faible proportion de fermes utilisait des antimicrobiens médicalement importants dans l’alimentation des animaux. L’incidence des maladies n’expliquait que partiellement la variance de l’utilisation totale. D’autres facteurs restent à déterminer pour expliquer les pratiques d’UAM dans les fermes laitières québécoises. Les données issues de plusieurs méthodes de quantification ont été comparées aux données de l’étude observationnelle. Pour les médicaments vétérinaires d’une part, le taux d’UAM estimé à partir des factures vétérinaires décrivait de façon presque parfaite le taux d’UAM réel (coefficient de corrélation de concordance, CCC = 0,83) alors que les méthodes utilisant les données du programme gouvernemental « Amélioration de la santé animale au Québec » ou des registres de traitements complétés à la ferme performaient moins bien. Pour les aliments médicamenteux d’autre part, le taux d’UAM estimé à partir des prescriptions vétérinaires pour aliments médicamenteux ou à partir des informations obtenues lors d’une entrevue individuelle avec le producteur corrélait bien le taux d’UAM réel (CCC = 0,66 et 0,73 respectivement). Le projet a permis de quantifier l’UAM annuelle dans les fermes laitières québécoises (par catégorie d’antimicrobiens et voie d’administration) en utilisant un nouvel indicateur de mesure (DCDbovCA). De plus, ce projet démontre la validité des données issues des factures et prescriptions vétérinaires pour quantifier l’UAM dans les troupeaux laitiers québécois. Le logiciel de facturation utilisé par la majorité des médecins vétérinaires praticiens du Québec pourrait servir au développement d’un système provincial de surveillance et de benchmarking de l’UAM. / Quantification of antimicrobial usage (AMU) is a key component of surveillance programs on antimicrobial resistance. The general objective of this thesis was to assess different quantification methods of the AMU in Québec dairy farms. More specifically, the project was designed to define a metric adapted to the Canadian context for AMU reports in cattle, to determine the mean annual AMU rate in Québec dairy herds, and to compare several quantification methods in order to identify a potential method suitable for AMU surveillance in Québec dairy farms. An observational cohort study was conducted from the recruitment of 101 Québec dairy producers. Antimicrobials used to treat dairy cattle were quantified over one year using a garbage can audit involving the collect of (1) veterinary drugs into a receptacle and (2) medicated feed delivered on the farm from feed mills invoices. The AMU rate was estimated in number of defined doses per 100 cow-years. Defined doses were not available in Canada for cattle and were assigned as part of the project: daily doses (DDDbovCA) and course doses (DCDbovCA). Due to usage of long-acting products in dairy cattle (such as intramammary formulations for dry cows), the DCDbovCA unit was preferred for analyses. Overall, an estimated mean of 537 DCDbovCA/100 cow-years was observed, meaning that an average of 537 antimicrobial treatments were administered annually in a standard 100-cow herd. The intramammary route during lactation was the most frequently observed. Highest priority critically important antimicrobials accounted for 17.5% of the total usage. A low proportion of farms used medically important antimicrobials in animal feed. Incidence of diseases explained only partially the variance in total AMU rate. Other factors have to be determined to explain the AMU in Québec dairy farms. Data from several quantification methods were compared to the observational study data. First, for veterinary drugs, the AMU rate estimated from veterinary sales described almost perfectly the actual AMU rate (concordance correlation coefficient, CCC = 0.83), whereas other methods using data from the governmental program “Amélioration de la santé animale au Québec” or from treatment records completed on the farm were not as reliable. Second, for medicated feed, the AMU rate estimated from veterinary prescriptions for medicated feed or from information obtained by individual interviews with producers were well correlated with the actual AMU rate (CCC = 0.66 and 0.73, respectively). Quantification of AMU was successfully performed by antimicrobial category and by route of administration in Québec dairy farms over one year using a newly defined unit of measure (DCDbovCA). This project demonstrates the validity of the data extracted from veterinary invoices and prescriptions to quantify the AMU in Québec dairy herds. The billing software used by most of Québec veterinary practitioners could be used to develop a monitoring and benchmarking system of the AMU at the provincial level.

En del förare ägnar sig åt sekundära aktiviteter som bidrar till en minskad trafiksäkerhet när de kör. User Experience kan informera och hjälpa människor till att göra säkrare och mer medvetna val i trafiken. Forskning från självrapporterad mobiltelefonanvändning visar att ett förbud mot mobilanvändning under bilkörning inte har lett till att människor helt upphört från beteendet. Arbetet undersökte om ett förarövervakningssystem bidrar till säkrare bilkörning när bilförare är distraherade av mobiltelefoner och om systemet påverkade deras känsla av säkerhet. En ytterligare frågeställning undersökte om det fanns någon skillnad mellan kvinnor och mäns förarbeteende och uppfattning av förarövervakningssystem. Detta undersöktes meden experimentellt mixad metoddesign med tester i simulator, enkäter och intervjuer. Simulatorstudien hade en mellangruppsdesign där 16 deltagare delades upp i tre grupper och körde tre banor i tätort och stadstrafik: deltagarna delades in i en kontrollgrupp (grupp A) utan mobil eller förarövervakningssystem, grupp B fick distraherande SMS och grupp C fick distraherande SMS och varnades av förarövervakningssystemet AIS12. Deltagarna intervjuades och fick fylla i en utvärderande enkät efter simulatorn. En enkät skickades ut online för att ta reda på förarbeteende och åsikter om förarövervakningssystem. Trots att resultaten från simulatorn ej var signifikanta så framkom åsikter om för- och nackdelar med förarövervakningssystem från intervjudeltagarna. Simulatorexperimentet hade ett litet stickprov, vilket kan bidragit till att resultatet inte visade sig vara signifikant. / Some drivers engage in secondary activities that contribute to decreased traffic safety. User Experience can inform and help people make safer and more conscious choices in traffic. Previous research on self-reported mobile phone use shows that a ban on mobile phone use while driving has not led people to completely cease the behavior. The study investigated whether a driver monitoring system contributes to safer driving when drivers are distracted by mobile phones and whether the system affected their sense of safety. An additional question examined whether there was a difference between male and female drivers' behavior and perception of the driver monitoring system. This was investigated using an experimental mixed-method design with a simulator, surveys, and an interview. The simulator study had a between-groups design where 16 participants were divided into three groups and drove three tracks in urban and city traffic: group A was a control group without mobile or driver monitoring system, group B received distracting SMS messages, and group C received distracting SMS messages and were warned by the driver monitoring system AIS12. Participants were interviewed and filled out an evaluative survey after the simulator. Another survey was sent out online to investigate driver behavior and opinions about driver monitoring systems. Although the results from the simulator were not significant, opinions about the pros and cons of the driver monitoring system emerged from the interview participants. The simulator experiment had a small sample size, which may have contributed to the result not being significant.

L’hypoglycémie est une barrière au traitement du diabète de type 1 (DbT1). La collation au coucher est recommandée pour prévenir l’hypoglycémie nocturne (HN), mais son efficacité n’est pas démontrée. Objectif : Déterminer si une prise alimentaire en soirée est associée à la survenue d’HN. Étude observationnelle : 100 DbT1 ont porté un lecteur de glucose en continu et complété un journal alimentaire pendant 72 heures. L’HN est survenue durant 28 % des nuits. Une prise alimentaire en soirée n’était pas associée à l’HN. Toutefois, dans un modèle ajusté, l’apport en glucides en soirée était positivement associé aux HN (avec injection d’insuline rapide) et l’apport en protéines inversement associé aux HN (sans injection d’insuline rapide). Manger en soirée ne semble pas associé à moins d’HN. Des études contrôlées sont nécessaires pour comprendre l’effet de la collation au coucher sur le contrôle glycémique et le rôle de l’insuline rapide injectée en soirée. / Hypoglycemia remains a limiting factor of type 1 diabetes (T1D) treatment. Bedtime snack is often suggested to reduce nocturnal hypoglycemia (NH), but its effectiveness is not supported by evidence-based data. Objective: To determine the association between post-dinner dietary intake and NH occurrence. This is an observational study during which 100 T1D wore a blinded continuous glucose monitoring system and completed a food diary for 72 hours. NH occurred on 28 % of the 282 nights studied. Post-dinner dietary intake was not associated with NH. However, in multivariate models, carbohydrate intake was positively associated with NH (when rapid insulin was injected) and protein intake was inversely associated with NH (without rapid insulin injected). Post-dinner dietary intake does not seem to be associated with a reduce occurrence of NH. Further studies are needed to better understand the impact of bedtime snack on glycemic control and the role of the injection of rapid insulin in the evening.