Architecture, as a discipline, has the potential to serve as a catalyst for cultivating an awareness of our intrinsic connection to the Earth and the broader universe. However, in the contemporary world, architectural practices frequently tend to alienate us from the natural environment, compelling many of us to inhabit indoor spaces reliant on centralized utility systems. This reliance, in turn, exerts significant stress on the Earth's ecosystems. The essence of architecture should instead lie in its capacity to engage with the surrounding natural elements, including the sun, wind, earth, and rain, thereby prompting individuals to acknowledge their geographical and planetary context. By harnessing these natural forces at the local level, architectural structures could autonomously provide their occupants with essential resources such as energy, water, and sustenance throughout the year. This thesis embarks on an exploration of the feasibility of integrating these principles of passive design into architectural structures, with the overarching goal of imparting experiential learning opportunities to the broader public. Through this endeavor, architecture can transcend its conventional role and emerge as a conduit for disseminating knowledge and awareness about sustainable living practices. Ultimately, this reimagined role for architecture can play a pivotal part in catalyzing the ongoing human evolution towards enhanced health and resilience, both as individuals and as a species. / Master of Architecture / Architecture should make us aware of how we are connected to the earth and by its extension, the universe. In today's world, it often closes us off from nature instead. Many of us are plugged in to an indoor culture that relies on centralized utility infrastructure to sustain, which often puts great strain on the natural environment. By interacting with surrounding natural phenomenon such as the sun, wind, earth, and rain, our buildings should remind us of our geographical and planetary context. By gathering these natural forces local, a building could supply its inhabitants with energy, water, and facilitate food production year round. This thesis aims to explore how a building could demonstrate these principles of passive design to the general public by using architecture as a vessel for experiential learning. This is the role Architecture can play in the process of human evolution towards becoming a healthier and more resilient species.

As an orbiter cruising to Jupiter will encounter different plasma environments, variety of spacecraft surface charging is expected. This surface potential can lead to inaccurate and wrong in-situ plasma measurements of on-board sensors, which explain the interest in simulating the charging.In this thesis the spacecraft-plasma interactions for a future mission to Jupiter are modelled with the help of the Spacecraft Plasma Interaction System, taking the case of a Jupiter Ganymede Orbiter (JGO) and a Jupiter Europa Orbiter (JEO) as an archetype for a future mission.It is shown that in solar wind at Earth and Jupiter, spacecraft potentials of about 8 V for the JEO, and 10 V to 11 V for the JGO are expected. Furthermore, at a distance of 15 Jupiter radii from Jupiter, the JGO is expected to charge to an electric potential of 2 V, except in the planetary shadow, where it will charge to a high negative potential of -40 V. Moreover, close to the orbit of Callisto, JGO will charge to 12 V in the sun and to 4.6 V in eclipse, due to a high secondary electron emission yield. / <p>Validerat; 20120115 (anonymous)</p>

No description available.

Diese Arbeit handelt von der Anwendbarkeit laserinduzierter Plasmaspektroskopie (englisch: laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, LIBS) mit Detektion im vakuumultravioletten Spektralbereich (VUV), im Folgenden VUV-LIBS genannt, im Bereich der Planetenforschung. Für LIBS wird ein gepulster Laser auf die zu untersuchende Probe fokussiert. Dabei wird Probenmaterial abgetragen, verdampft und teilweise ionisiert. Die im Plasma enthaltenen Atome und Ionen werden elektronisch angeregt und strahlen in der Folge Licht charakteristischer Wellenlängen ab, welches spektroskopisch analysiert werden kann. Diese Analyse erlaubt einen Rückschluss auf die im Plasma und somit in der Probe enthaltenen chemischen Elemente. Mit LIBS können alle Elemente detektiert werden. Allerdings sind insbesondere die Nichtmetalle schwerer zu detektieren, deren intensivste Emissionslinien im VUV-Bereich liegen, d.h. bei Wellenlängen kürzer als 200 nm, der oft nicht untersucht wird. In diesem Spektralbereich wird ein Großteil der Strahlung von der irdischen Atmosphäre absorbiert. Auf atmosphärelosen Himmelskörpern wie dem Mond ist dies nicht der Fall, sodass für die Elemente C, Cl, H, N, O, P und S eine verbesserte Detektierbarkeit erwartet wird als mit konventionellem LIBS im typischerweise untersuchten Spektralbereich über 200 nm. Die hier präsentierten Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass VUV-LIBS in der Tat eine verbesserte Detektierbarkeit für S und Cl im Kontext einer Mondmission bewirken kann. Für eine umfassende Beurteilung der Methode in dieser Anwendung und zur Verbesserung der Nachweisgrenzen sind jedoch weitere Untersuchungen mit einem verbesserten Messaufbau notwendig. Da wichtige gesteinsbildende Elemente wie Ca, Na und Mg im VUV-Bereich keine oder nur schwache Emission zeigen, liegt das größte Potenzial von VUV-LIBS möglicherweise in der Kombination mit LIBS in anderen Spektralbereichen oder mit anderen analytischen Methoden. / This thesis investigates the application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) with detection in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectral range for in-situ space exploration. For LIBS, a pulsed laser is tightly focused onto the sample, thereby ablating material and exciting a luminous plasma. The atoms and ions contained in the plasma radiate light of characteristic wavelengths, which can be analysed with spectrometers. The spectral analysis allows to identify the chemical elements in the plasma, which are assumed to be representative for the elements contained in the sample. With LIBS, all elements can be detected. However, especially the non-metal elements are challenging to detect because their strongest lines are located in the VUV spectral range, i.e. below 200 nm, which is often not investigated. Detection in this range brings its own challenges, since large parts of the radiation spectrum are absorbed by the atmosphere surrounding the sample. On celestial bodies without an atmosphere, such as the Moon, the ambient conditions are well suited for VUV-LIBS analyses. In such a scenario, a better detectability for the otherwise challenging elements C, Cl, H, N, O, P and S is expected compared to LIBS in the usually employed detection range above 200 nm. The results shown in this thesis indicate that VUV-LIBS is promising for the improved detection of light elements such as S and Cl in a lunar context. However, more extensive studies with an optimized set-up are necessary to properly assess the true capabilities of the method and to further reduce the detection limits. Although emission from the most abundant chemical elements in geological samples, Al, Si and O, could be reliably detected in all samples containing them, VUV-LIBS might in the end be best used in combination with LIBS in the UV-VIS range or with other analytical techniques, because the major rock forming elements Ca, Na and Mg hardly show emission lines in the VUV spectral range.

No description available.

No description available.

In-orbit calibrations of space instruments are often necessary to ensure the accuracy of the measurements. The Moon provides a target with very predictable characteristics. In this report, the opportunities to perform in-orbit lunar calibrations of the MicroCarb instrument are evaluated and a procedure for conducting the Mission Planning for these calibrations is developed. Through modeling the spacecraft in its orbit, simulations show that continuous observation sequences of up to 48 minutes can be expected each lunation. The variability of the optical properties of the Moon during an opportunity is related to the orientation of the plane of the orbit of the spacecraft with respect to the cone with axis the Moon-Sun direction and apex the center of the Moon that contains the spacecraft. Choosing a value of the phase angle (Sun-Moon-Spacecraft angle) around −20 degrees to plan the lunar calibrations allows to minimize the variations of apparent radiance of the Moon during the observation. The results make it possible to refine the choice of the best moments to plan the lunar calibrations. This also allows the satellite operations team to anticipate the planning of lunar calibrations on the scale of several months. / Kalibreringar i omloppsbana för rymdinstrument är ofta nödvändiga för att säkerställa mätningarnas noggrannhet. Månen utgör ett kalibreringsmål med mycket förutsägbara egenskaper. I denna rapport utvärderas möjligheterna att utföra månkalibreringar i omloppsbana för MicroCarb-instrumentet och ett förfarande för genomförande av uppdragsplanering för dessa kalibreringar har utvecklats. Genom att modellera rymdfarkosten i sin bana visar simuleringar att kontinuerliga observationssekvenser på upp till 48 minuter kan förväntas varje månvarv. Variationen hos de optiska egenskaperna för månen under ett tillfälle är relaterad till orienteringen av rymdfarkostens plan i förhållande till konen med axeln för månen-solens riktning. Att välja ett värde för fasvinkeln (Sun-Moon-Spacecraft-vinkel) på runt −20 grader vid planering av månkalibreringarna gör det möjligt att minimera variationerna i månens strålning under observationen. Resultaten gör det möjligt att förfina valet av de bästa tidpunkterna för månkalibreringarna. Detta gör det också möjligt för satellitoperationsteamet att förutse planeringen av månkalibreringar flera månader framåt.

Architecture and Film - A Symbiotic Relationship. This project is not intented to be revolutionary, but rather exploratory. To delve deeper into ones interests and better understand them. My architectural studies are five years young, and my passion for film has been with me for as long as I can remember. That is why I see my diplomaproject as an opportunity to bring both worlds that fuel my creativity together. I do not see myself as an architect without being a filmmaker and I cannot create worlds as a filmmaker without exploring architecture. An anomaly was detected in the northern region of Europe. Satellite images show an island not included in any of our maps on which monolithic structures are resting. The clean geometry and the elusive dimensions show monuments difficult to specify in time. These monuments seem ancient, but they are not primitive. They show advanced knowledge of our celestial bodies from however long ago. These are The Monuments of The Ones Before. Once, before our time. To you the reader: We have made a startling discovery. This is the birthplace of astronomy.

The dynamics of a complex system can be understood by analyzing the phase space structure of that system. We apply geometric and statistical techniques to two Hamiltonian systems to find and exploit structure in the phase space that helps us get qualitative and quantitative results about the phase space transport. While the structure can be revealed by the study of invariant manifolds of fixed points and periodic orbits in the first system, there do not exist any fixed points (and hence invariant manifolds) in the second system. The use of statistical (or measure theoretic) and topological methods reveals the phase space structure even in the absence of fixed points or stable and unstable invariant manifolds. The first problem we study is the four-body problem in the context of a spacecraft in the presence of a planet and two of its moons, where we exploit the phase space structure of the problem to devise an intelligent control strategy to achieve mission objectives. We use a family of analytically derived controlled Keplerian Maps in the Patched-Three-Body framework to design fuel efficient trajectories with realistic flight times. These maps approximate the dynamics of the Planar Circular Restricted Three Body Problem (PCR3BP) and we patch solutions in two different PCR3BPs to form the desired trajectories in the four body system. The second problem we study concerns phase space mixing in a two-dimensional time dependent Stokes flow system. Topological analysis of the braiding of periodic points has been recently used to find lower bounds on the complexity of the flow via the Thurston-Nielsen classification theorem (TNCT). We extend this framework by demonstrating that in a perturbed system with no apparent periodic points, the almost-invariant sets computed using a transfer operator approach are the natural objects on which to pin the TNCT. / Ph. D.

Originally presented as the author's Thesis (doctoral)--Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Katholisch-Theologischen Fakultät, Tübingen, 1997-1998. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 605-644) and indexes.