A produção artística de Patrícia Galvão possui uma matriz política na qual a teoria e a prática comunista se entrelaçam à experiência modernista. Confrontada com a trajetória da autora, a estrita consonância de seu livro de estreia com as palavras de ordem do PCB nos permite reconhecer e avaliar tensões, conflitos e impasses da esquerda brasileira. A figuração do outro, no caso, o proletariado emergente pós-revolução de 1930, e as dificuldades do escritor, ou intelectual, em lidar com esta matéria são chaves importantes de nossa análise. O estudo de Parque industrial (1933), tanto de suas características internas quanto de seu lugar na história do modernismo brasileiro, ocupa a maior parte desta dissertação. / Patrícia Galvão\'s artistic work has a political framework in which communist theory and practice are intertwined with the modernist experience. Taking into consideration the author´s trajectory, the strict correspondence between her first book and PCB\'s watchwords allows us to recognize and evaluate tensions, conflicts and dilemmas of the Brazilian left-wing. The figuration of the other, in this case, the emerging proletariat after the 1930 revolution, and the difficulties faced by the writer, or intellectual, in dealing with this matter play a key role in our analysis. The study of Parque industrial (1933), both in its internal characteristics and in its place in the history of Brazilian modernism, occupies most of this work.

Este ensaio propõe a obra Os Malavoglia (1881), de Giovanni Verga, como um romance-tese do Verismo, a partir do estudo de suas instâncias narrativas e da análise de seus principais procedimentos compositivos, à luz das teorias de Mikhail Bakhtin, Iúri Tyniánov, Erich Auerbach, Eleazar Meletínski e outros. / This essay proposes Os Malavoglia (1881), of Giovanni Verga, as roman à thèse of the Verismo, from the study of his narrative´s instances and the analysis of his main compositive´s proceedings, according to the teories of Mikhail Bakhtin, Iúri Tyniánov, Erich Auerbach, Eleazar Meletínski and others.

O foco dessa dissertação é o estudo do narrador de uma importante fase da obra em prosa de Samuel Beckett. O período escolhido inicia-se com as novelas Premier Amour (1970), Lexpulsé, Le calmant e La fin (1955), primeiros textos em francês do autor, e encerra-se com a obra Textes pour rien (1955), o que abrange a produção em prosa de Beckett entre 1945 e 1950. A importância deste período está no surgimento e desdobramento do narrador em primeira pessoa tipicamente beckettiano, caracterizado por seu discurso instável, movido a impasses e questionamentos sobre a própria história narrada. O trabalho acompanha a trajetória deste narrador, discutindo também seu importante papel na ruptura com os moldes do realismo formal na narrativa do século XX. / This dissertation studies the narrator in Samuel Beckett s prose, particularly focusing on a critical phase in the authors literary production covering the years of 1945 to 1950. The chosen period begins with the novellas Premier Amour (1970), Lexpulsé, Le calmant and La fin (1955) Becketts first narratives written in French and closes with the work Textes pour rien (1955). The importance of this phase lies in the creation and development of Becketts characteristic first person narrator, whose unstable discourse is fraught with impasses, questioning the very story being narrated. The dissertation follows this narrators journey to discuss the key role it played in breaking with formal realism patterns of the twentieth centurys narrative.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:55:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caroline De Bastiani.pdf: 1257009 bytes, checksum: 9ab2d74703ed004e73e315f48e24d2fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-20 / This study aims to highlight the Manuel Puig city perspective as well as the imagery of the city design developed by the author throughout his life, based on the study of living space, memory, national identity and city look that have been recorded in their works through interaction with the arts. The Puig novels A Traição de Rita Hayworth (1968), The Buenos Aires Affair (1973) and Cae la Noche Tropical (1988), present different points of view linked to the various stages of his life. The first project, as an example, puts the reader on the mediocrity of the inhabitants of a town in Argentina, whose ideal reference is the capital city Buenos Aires, which aims New York City as a symbol of chimeric city while refusing his hometown, dismissing it. The third work, when dealing with the lives of two Argentine women who are living in Brazil, puts the caller on a breakup of the protagonists with their home country, showing the beauties and privileges of the city of Rio de Janeiro, while denying the city of Buenos Aires. The works were selected as the corpus of study for presenting elements that enable the configuration of the city imaginary showed by Puig: a cinematographic mark, visual arts, music and poetry. The city perspective of the characters evolves in each of the three novels, in relation to the conception of Argentina as the ideal city, changing as the life of the Argentine writer suffers multiple cultural shock upon contact with the reality of many countries and cities that were passed by him due to exile experienced as a result of the Argentine political moment / Este estudo objetiva evidenciar o olhar citadino em Manuel Puig, assim como a concepção imagética de cidade desenvolvida pelo autor ao longo de sua vida, tendo como base de estudo os espaços habitados, a memória, a identidade nacional, e o olhar citadino, aspectos que foram sendo registrados em suas obras mediante a interação com as artes. Os romances La traición de Rita Hayworth (1968), The Buenos Aires Affair (1973) e Cae la Noche Tropical (1988), de Manuel Puig, apresentam diferentes pontos de vista vinculados às diversas etapas de sua vida. A primeira obra, por exemplo, coloca o leitor diante da mediocridade dos habitantes de uma cidade do interior da Argentina, que têm como referência de cidade ideal a capital Buenos Aires. A segunda obra o faz mergulhar nos sonhos e desejos de Gladys, argentina de Buenos Aires, que almeja Nova Iorque como símbolo de cidade quimérica ao mesmo tempo em que recusa sua cidade natal, menosprezando-a. A terceira obra, ao tratar da vida de duas senhoras argentinas que estão vivendo no Brasil, coloca o interlocutor diante de um rompimento das protagonistas com seu país de origem, evidenciando as belezas e privilégios da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, enquanto recusa à cidade de Buenos Aires. As obras citadas foram selecionadas como corpus de estudo pois apresentam elementos recorrentes que possibilitaram a configuração do imaginário citadino apresentado por Puig: a marca cinematográfica, as artes plásticas, a música e a poesia. O olhar citadino das personagens evolui em cada um dos três romances citados em relação à concepção da Argentina como cidade ideal, transformando-se à medida que a vida do escritor argentino sofre múltiplos choques culturais ao entrar em contato com a realidade dos diversos países e cidades pelos que transitou devido ao exilio vivenciado como resultado do momento político argentino

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:56:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PATRiCIARADAELLI.pdf: 953660 bytes, checksum: 372d3623f71434dc5e2c834dd57d92b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-16 / This work presents a study about the work of Nelson Rodrigues, with a focus on the indissoluble relationship among the author, the narrator and his multiples in the literary production of his chronicles and short stories. Stand out in the analysis, the historical and social resonances which are understood from the fictional work of this author, with a latent itinerary, produced more than two thousand texts, during five decades, in a transit among textual genres. From the hybridization processes in the composition of the Rodriguean narrator, it was evidenced the creation and recreation of archetypes framed by themes about love relationships, betrayal and death, bounded by tragic, mythical and psychological aspects, in a writing denominated, in this research, of Performance. In this study, excerpts from the works include: O óbvio ululante (1968), A vida como ela é...(de 1961), A menina sem estrela: Memórias (de 1967) e O reacionário: memórias e confissões (do ano de 1977) e A vida como ela é... O homem fiel e outros contos (1992). From this corpus, it was searched to explore how Nelson Rodrigues records and reflects the daily life of his time and human problems.The study was based on a qualitative bibliographical research, with a methodological basis based on analyzes of the comparative literature, with theoretical approaches that subsidized reflections on the status of the author, the narrator and the intertextual processes. Besides that it also was searched the theoretical bases of the mitochristian and the critical of psychoanalytical basis. The text is organized in three chapters. The first one that presents an approach on literature as a form of aesthetic apprehension of the real and points out aspects that evidence Nelson Rodrigues as a creative subject, with a production permeated by echoes between reality and fiction. As a theoretical source, there are the contributions of Freud (2011), Benjamin (1996), Santiago (2002), Bakhtin (2002) and Lejeune (2008). Then, a second chapter, whose purpose was to exemplify the tone of an autobiographical narrative, with retrospectives and sections of self-portrait, in time and space demarcations, trying to show how Nelson Rodrigues puts the double as a narrator character in order to transcend The "real" space, to rescue the memory, in a fictional hybrid creation, with demarcations and rites of passage of love and, mainly, death, involving figures of literature and other cultural, social and political practices. For the discussions about memory, the contributions of the triad of French authors - Ricoeur (2007), Nora (1993) and Halbwachs (2006) were used. Finally, a third chapter with the study about the different aesthetic elements present in the stories with the objective of unveiling the expressive effects of these fictional projects and analyzing how these compositions, when dialoguing with other texts, reflect an archetypal and performatic nelsonrodrigueana script; the analyzes are supported by studies by Goffman (1985) Zumthor (2005/2014). With the integration of the three chapters, it was searched to highlight the insertions of the textual and contextual structures of Rodrigues, with the interpretation of the resonances provoked by the dialogues and adaptations of the texts of Nelson Rodrigues with his context of production and with his memories / Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a obra de Nelson Rodrigues, com enfoque para indissolúvel relação entre o autor, o narrador e seus múltiplos na produção literária de suas crônicas e contos. Ressaltam-se, na análise, as ressonâncias históricas e sociais que se depreendem da obra ficcional desse autor, que, com um itinerário latente, produziu mais de dois mil textos, durante cinco décadas, num trânsito entre gêneros textuais. A partir dos processos de hibridização na composição do narrador rodrigueano, evidenciou-se a criação e a recriação de arquétipos emoldurados por temáticas sobre relacionamentos amorosos, traição e morte, cingidas de aspectos trágicos, míticos e psicológicos, numa escrita denominada, nesta pesquisa, de performática. Figuram, neste estudo, trechos das obras: O óbvio ululante (1968), A vida como ela é... (de 1961), A menina sem estrela: Memórias (de 1967) e O reacionário: memórias e confissões (do ano de 1977) e A vida como ela é... O homem fiel e outros contos (1992). A partir desse corpus, buscou-se explorar o modo como Nelson Rodrigues registra e reflete o cotidiano de seu tempo e as problemáticas humanas. O estudo deu-se a partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, qualitativa, com a base metodológica amparada em análises da literatura comparada, com abordagens teóricas que subsidiaram reflexões sobre o estatuto do autor, do narrador e dos processos intertextuais. Além disso, também foram buscadas as bases teóricas da mitocrítica e a crítica de base psicanalítica. O texto encontra-se organizado em três capítulos. Um primeiro que apresenta uma abordagem sobre a literatura como forma de apreensão estética do real e pontua aspectos que evidenciam Nelson Rodrigues como um sujeito criador, com uma produção permeada de ecos entre realidade e ficção. Como fonte teórica, estão explicitadas as contribuições de Freud (2011), Benjamin (1996), Santiago (2002), Bakhtin (2002) e Lejeune (2008). Depois, um segundo capítulo, que teve por proposta exemplificar o tom de uma narrativa autobiográfica, com retrospectivas e seções de autorretrato, em demarcações de tempo e espaço, buscando-se evidenciar como Nelson Rodrigues põe em cena o duplo como personagem narrador, para transcender o espaço real , resgatar a memória, numa criação ficcional híbrida, com demarcações e ritos de passagem de amor e, principalmente, de morte, envolvendo figuras históricas da literatura e de outras práticas culturais, sociais e políticas. Para as discussões sobre a memória, foram utilizadas as contribuições da tríade de autores franceses Ricoeur (2007), Nora (1993) e Halbwachs (2006). Por fim, um terceiro capítulo com o estudo sobre os diferentes elementos estéticos presentes nos contos com o objetivo de desvendar os efeitos expressivos desses projetos ficcionais e analisar como essas composições, ao dialogarem com outros textos, refletem uma escritura nelsonrodrigueana arquetípica e performática; as análises estão amparadas em estudos de Goffman (1985) e Paul Zumthor (2005/2014). Com a integração dos três capítulos, buscou-se evidenciar as inserções das estruturas textuais e contextuais rodrigueanas, com a interpretação das ressonâncias provocadas pelos diálogos e adaptações dos textos de Nelson Rodrigues com seu contexto de produção e com suas memórias.

Esta tese consiste no estudo da representação de personagens escritores da obra narrativa de Max Aub (Paris, 1903 Cidade do México, 1972). O corpus está constituído por Campo cerrado (1943), Campo abierto (1951), Campo de sangre (1945), Campo del moro (1963), Campo francés (1965), Campo de los almendros (1968) e Vida y obra de Luis Álvarez Petreña (1971). Propõe-se que os romances citados colocam em movimento um processo de corrosão da imagem de autoridade dos personagens escritores. Tal processo contamina também a figura de Aub, que encena, nos Campos e em Vida y obra..., um debate sobre a diluição de seu poder de narrar. O lócus de enunciação do autor, que escreve a partir do exílio, consciente da derrota dos republicanos na Guerra Civil Espanhola (1936-1939), incrusta-se na forma dos romances, fraturando a imagem de potência dos personagens escritores. / This thesis examines the representation of characters who are writers in Max Aubs narrative work (Paris, 1903 Mexico City, 1972). The corpus is composed of Campo cerrado (1943), Campo abierto (1951), Campo de sangre (1945), Campo del moro (1963), Campo francés (1965), Campo de los almendros (1968) and Vida y obra de Luis Álvarez Petreña (1971). The study proposes that the aforementioned novels put in motion a process of corrosion of these characters image of authority. This process also contaminates the figure of Aub, who performs in Campos and Vida y obra..., a debate about the dilution of his power to narrate. The lócus of the authors enunciation, who writes from exile, and is aware of the Republicans defeat in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), embeds in the form of those novels, and fractures the image of potency of the characters who are writers.

This essay uses some tenets of structuralism as well as the concept of “discourse” to analyze David Lodge’s novel Nice Work (1988). The opposite discourses of Academia and Industry, as expounded through the life and character of the main protagonists, are analyzed as they are exposed throughout the novel through the involuntary mingling of the main characters. The governing idea is that three separate discourses can be gleaned as a basic structure in the novel, forming a triad that suggests the idea of a possible synthesis, which is shown to be what propels the plot of the novel onward. As in Hegelian dialectics the clash between a thesis and its antithesis makes the reader expect the third term, a synthesis, which is offered in the mediating discourse of the narrator. Further, this essay focuses on three levels of exchange within the novel and its protagonists: the intellectual, emotional and practical ones. The synthesis of discourses is shown to come to a halt in the end, and the opposites seem to stand unperturbed, even though an exchange of values, ideas and actions has occurred.

Née d’un esprit critique qui la rapproche du Nouveau Roman français, l’oeuvre de l’écrivain argentin Juan José Saer (1937-2005) constitue l’une des tentatives de renouvellement des formes narratives les plus importantes dans la littérature latino-américaine de la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle. Ce renouvellement concerne tous les aspects du récit, en particulier celui de la fonction narratrice et, à l’intérieur de celle-ci, la figure du narrateur sous toutes ses formes. Le présent travail a pour objectif d’étudier les différentes manières dont cette instance est mise à l’épreuve d’un questionnement et d’une recherche intenses, donnant comme résultat des textes d’une grande complexité. Divisé en trois parties, il s’occupe, dans la première, de quelques cas de narrateurs impersonnels, en mettant l’accent sur leur rapport à la convention de l’omniscience, tandis que dans la deuxième il analyse des narrateurs personnels en les reliant à des expériences de voyage et d’immobilité. Enfin la troisième partie aborde quelques exemples de narrateur au second degré, considérés comme l’un des multiples moyens dont l’auteur se sert pour construire une réflexion autoréférentielle à l’intérieur de l’oeuvre. Dans tous les cas, le narrateur se trouve redéfini comme un outil privilégié de l’exploration du réel qui est au coeur du projet littéraire de l’auteur. / Arising from a form of critical thought that approximates him to the french Nouveau Roman, the work of the Argentine writer Juan José Saer (1937-2005) demonstrates one of the most important attempts to renew the narrative form in Latin-American literature within the second half of the twentieth-century. While this renewal concerns all aspects of the story, this dissertation will closely analyze the narrative function in particular and within this, the figure of the narrator in all of his forms. The present work aims to study the ways in which intense questioning and investigation have put this body of work to the test—a practice that has resulted in highly complex texts in which the narrator is redefined as a valuable tool to explore the idea of reality that is at the heart of the author’s literary project. The work is divided into three sections: the first deals with impersonal narrators by focusing on their relationship to the conventions of omniscient narration. The second section analyzes the personal narrators by studying their experiences with travel and immobility. The third section studies some of the many cases of second-degree narrators by treating them as one of the several means used by the author to construct a self-referential reflection within the work itself.

(in English): The focus of this diploma thesis is disillusion in the works of the contemporary novelist Ian McEwan, particularly in his twenty-first century novels. The thesis analyses the disillusionment of the reader based on McEwan's work with traditional narratives and the reader's expectations, which is achieved through the employment of the unreliable narrator in Atonement (2001) and Sweet Tooth (2012), depiction of self-deception in Saturday (2005) and Solar (2010), and the misunderstanding on the interpersonal and intrapersonal level in On Chesil Beach (2007) and The Children Act (2014). The analysis uses the method of close reading and critical evaluation through the hermeneutic process in combination with Iser's theory about the reader, Foucault's definition of discourse and some generally accepted ideas based on psychology. The analysis reveals that Ian McEwan uses disillusion in his novels as a device through which he tries to encourage the reader to critically evaluate the reader's preconceptions about the world, the conventional narratives, and the roles the reader ascribes to him/herself and to the society around him/herself. By allowing the reader to build his/her expectations of the story's denouement and then crushing them, McEwan points out the reader's routine regarding a given...

Paradoxe de la prolepse : en dévoilant par avance un événement de l’histoire, elle risque de ruiner le suspens ; en n’évoquant qu’allusivement ce qui va suivre, elle peut au contraire y contribuer. Le traitement des anticipations a toujours été au cœur des débats sur la tension narrative. L’examen de poétiques et de rhétoriques antiques et classiques, leur confrontation avec les théories contemporaines permettent de retracer la longue histoire d’un procédé à travers les discours contradictoires qui l’ont défini.Lisons les romans de l’Ancien Régime, nous verrons ce paradoxe en action. Au seuil du XVIIe siècle, la prolepse appartient, comme le début in medias res, à la panoplie des artifices visant à maintenir suspendu l’esprit du lecteur et à structurer de grandes machines romanesques ; au siècle suivant, les pseudo-mémorialistes, tout en puisant dans ce fonds, la posent comme le symptôme d’une écriture naturelle, désordonnée, parfois défaite, peu soucieuse de suspens et d’architecture, bref, la marque par excellence d’une écriture du cœur.Tout se joue dans l’appréhension progressive du texte par le lecteur et l’interprétation de la voix narratoriale supposée le guider. Les outils de la narratologie sont réexaminés et affinés pour que puisse être pris en considération le cheminement pas à pas du lecteur ; afin d’étudier des unités plus petites ou des manœuvres narratives particulièrement subtiles, il faut combiner ces outils avec les instruments de la linguistique énonciative (reprises anaphoriques et annonces cataphoriques, usages des temps verbaux, phénomènes polyphoniques liés à la régie narrative). On évalue ainsi la manière dont, au long d’un siècle et demi d’une production romanesque très diversifiée, sont suscitées des attentes, souvent comblées, parfois frustrées : si l’anticipation est d’ordinaire un moment où une voix de régie organise le texte, il arrive en effet que ce procédé provoque des dérèglements dont nous pouvons, critiques embarrassés ou lecteurs amusés, suivre les aléas. / There is a paradox of prolepsis : because it tells in advance an event of the story, it runs the risk of ruining suspense ; because it only evokes this event allusively, it may, on the contrary, help to create suspense. The use of anticipation has always been at the core of the debate on narrative tension. Through the study of ancient and classical poetics and rhetorics, brought in comparison with contemporary theories, this work seeks to retrace the long history of a highly controversial narrative device.Reading the novels of the Ancien Régime, one may see this paradox at work. At the dawn of the seventeenth-century, prolepses belong, along with in medias res openings, to the repertoire of artificial contrivances used in the building of huge novelistic machines, as they keep the reader’s mind suspended ; in the first half of the following century, the Memoir-Novel uses the very same device to establish a new manner of writing : prolepses become the sign of an unsophisticated prose, attuned to the effusions of the heart.At stake here is the reader’s progressive apprehension of the text and the way he interprets the narratorial voice. Narratological tools are re-examined and refined so as to take into consideration the act of reading and its dynamics ; elements of enunciative linguistics are used for the study of small textual units and subtle narrative manipulations. Through this overview of one hundred and fifty years of prose fiction, we trace the different manners in which expectations are aroused, usually fulfilled, and exceptionally frustrated.