The permissible use of defensive force is a central tenet of the traditional legal and philosophical justification for war and its practice. Just War Theory holds a nation’s right to resist aggressive attack with defensive force as the clearest example of a just cause for war. Just War Theory also stipulates norms for warfare derived from a conception of defensive force asserted to be consistent with the moral reality of war. Recently, these aspects of Just War Theory have been criticized. David Rodin has challenged the status of national defense as an uncontroversial just cause. Jeff McMahan has charged that Just War Theory’s norms that govern warfare are inconsistent with the norms of permissive defensive force. In this thesis I defend the status of national defense as a clear case of a just cause. However, my defense may require revision of Just War Theory’s norms that govern warfare.

Thesis (M.A.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 2005. / Title from title screen (viewed Apr. 16, 2008). Cites June 2003 GAO report GAO-03-695, "Contractors provide vital services to deployed forces but are not adequately addressed in DoD plans." "June 2005." The original document contains color images. "ADA435597"--URL. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-96). Also issued in paper format.

Denna uppsats är en komparativ fallstudie som undersöker fyra länsstyrelsers planering av civilt försvar ur ett samverkansperspektiv. De undersökta länsstyrelserna är Halland, Västra Götaland, Värmland och Örebro län. Den övergripande frågan är vilka likheter och skillnader som finns mellan länsstyrelsernas planering. Empirin är inhämtad genom semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer med tjänstemän i chefs- samt handläggarnivå vid de undersökta länsstyrelserna. Det inhämtade materialet är kategoriserat och analyserat utifrån en analysmodell som bygger på ett ramverk, An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance. I analysen jämförs de fyra länsstyrelsernas arbete med att planera civilt försvar genom samverkan. Resultatet av studien påvisar att det finns stora skillnader mellan de undersökta länsstyrelserna i hur de har tagit sig an uppgiften och vilken verksamhet de bedriver för att skapa legitimitet, gränsöverskridande åtgärder och helhetsförståelse mellan aktörer för att skapa förutsättningar för planering av civilt försvar. Det finns även stora skillnader i hur de har uppfattat den styrning som kommer från central nivå. Resultatet påvisar även att det finns stora likheter i de behov de fyra länsstyrelserna lyfter fram, bland annat samordning i den hierarkiska organisationen från central- ned till lokal nivå avseende branschöverenskommelser och en sammanhållen planeringsprocess. Ramverket kan konstateras vara användbart som analysmodell avseende samverkan vid planering av civilt försvar. / This essay is a comparative case study that examines the planning of civil defense from Halland, Västra Götaland, Värmland and Örebro county administrative boards from a collaborative perspective. The overall question is what similarities and differences exist between the county administrative board planning. The empiric material is obtained through semi-structured qualitative interviews with officials at the executive and supervisory level of the investigated county administrative boards. The collected material is categorized and analyzed based on an analysis model based on a framework, An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance. The analysis compares the work of the four county administrative boards in planning civil defense through cooperation. The results of the study shows that there are major differences between the county administrative authorities in how they have taken on the task and what activity they are pursuing to create legitimacy, cross-border action and overall understanding between actors to create the conditions for civil defense planning. There are also major differences in how they perceived the governance that comes from national authority. The result also shows that there are major similarities in the needs of the four county administrative boards, including coordination in the hierarchical organization from national to local level regarding industry agreements and coherent planning. The framework can be found useful as an analysis tool for collaborative planning in civil defense.

Made available in DSpace on 2009-11-18T18:56:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ACF106.pdf: 4195394 bytes, checksum: b1933217adc2d893876fda996c22b16a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / The objective of this work is the study of the existing correlations between the strategical use of the information and the joint and implementation of defense politics and national security in the Legal Amazonian. For in such a way, the proposal was developed from the analysis of the systems of protection and monitoring of the Amazonian (SIPAM/SIVAM), where we search to inquire as these systems have contributed for the definition and implantation of these politics. For the Amazonian, with its natural wealth, threats and vulnerabilities, the perspectives of integration, security and national defense and of sustainable development constitute great challenges to be faced, where the efficient use of the technology is a basic reference that must be incorporated in the strategies and public politics in these areas. One is about a strategical project, conceived with vision of future, protection and development of the . The objective SIPAM/SIVAM the defense and the guarantee of the Brazilian sovereignty in the Legal Amazonian, beyond the systematization and accomplishment of the governmental actions in the region, by means of the intensive use of technological apparatus. In turn, they reflect the priority that the Amazon region has in terms of defense and security for the Country, and symbolize the strategy of the State to protect it. The SIPAM/SIVAM if finds in a boarding line in which the guarantee of the national sovereignty also involves the care with the development of the local population, inside of a proposal educative and integrator. Like conclusion we affirm that of the SIPAM/SIVAM creates a new paradigm for the public administration, where the organizations work with a shared set of information, beyond starting to act of integrated form. Thus, when searching permanently the rationalization of efforts and resources, trying an unknown form of institution relationship where infrastructure and products are shared, the SIPAM/SIVAM creates a new premise for the Brazilian public administration and contributes to give a new direction to the development of the Amazonian. / O objetivo deste trabalho é o estudo das correlações existentes entre o uso estratégico da informação e a articulação e implementação de políticas de defesa e segurança nacional na Amazônia Legal. Para tanto, a proposta foi desenvolvida a partir da análise dos sistemas de proteção e de vigilância da Amazônia para a definição e implantação dessas políticas. Para a Amazônia, com suas riquezas naturais, ameaças e vulnerabilidades, as perspectivas de integração, segurança e defesa nacional e de desenvolvimento sustentável constituem grandes desafios a serem enfrentados, em que o uso eficaz da tecnologia é uma referência básica que deve ser incorporada nas estratégias e políticas públicas nessas áreas. Trata-se de um projeto estratégico, concebido com visão de futuro, de proteção e desenvolvimento da Amazônia Legal, uma área vital para o País. O SIPAM/SIVAM objetiva a defesa e a garantia da soberania brasileira na Amazônia Legal, além da sistematização e efetivação das ações governamentais na região, por meio do uso intensivo de aparato tecnológico. Por sua vez, refletem a prioridade que a região amazônica tem em termos de defesa e segurança para o País, e simbolizam a estratégia do Estado para protegê-la. O SIPAM/SIVAM se encontra em uma linha de abordagem na qual a garantia da soberania nacional na Amazônia, além do empreendimento estratégico-militar, envolve também o cuidado com o desenvolvimento da população local, dentro de uma proposta educativa e integradora. A guisa de conclusão afirmamos que o SIPAM/SIVAM cria um novo paradigma para a administração pública, em que as organizações trabalham com um conjunto compartilhado de informações, além de passar a agir de forma integrada. Assim, ao buscar permanentemente a racionalização de esforços e recursos, experimentando uma forma inédita de relacionamento interinstitucional em que infra-estrutura e produtos são compartilhados, o SIPAM/SIVAM cria uma nova premissa para a administração pública brasileira e contribui para dar uma nova direção ao desenvolvimento da Amazônia.

[pt] Esta pesquisa versa sobre as novas requisições postas aos assistentes sociais da Aeronáutica, abordando, particularmente, os impactos para o serviço social, ao considerar a relação entre as transformações que vem sendo efetivadas no universo do trabalho dos militares e as políticas de defesa nacional, aprovadas nos anos 2000. Buscou dar visibilidade às respostas, construídas pela profissão, a partir de um ponto ainda não analisado, que se relaciona à atuação dos assistentes sociais nas missões operacionais das Forças Armadas. O trabalho partiu de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as atuais políticas de defesa nacional e, em especial, daquelas de caráter subsidiário, bem como do exame das principais normas técnicas que regulamentam a atuação profissional. Para viabilizar tal estudo, foi realizada uma pesquisa com enfoque qualitativo, visando analisar o trabalho profissional dos assistentes sociais e as requisições do campo operacional. Dessa forma, recorreu-se a três eixos, a saber: Trabalhadores militares e os desafios do campo operacional subsidiário; Missões Subsidiárias: o olhar do Serviço Social e a construção do seu lugar; Serviço Social e a legitimação do espaço socio-ocupacional nas missões da Força Aérea Brasileira, envolvendo organizações militares do Comando da Aeronáutica nas áreas de assistência social, saúde, controle do espaço aéreo, logística operacional e aviação, de todo o país. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que o cenário de intensas transformações e novas requisições para a profissão, na Aeronáutica, é acompanhado por uma condição de trabalho, na maioria dos casos, marcada pelo caráter de instabilidade no serviço militar. Outro ponto sinalizado centra-se nos impactos para a profissão, oriundos, de um lado, pelas transformações em curso no mundo do trabalho e, de outro, das novas requisições que acompanham as atuais políticas de defesa nacional. Os resultados da pesquisa também indicam o caráter pontual e fragmentado das ações do serviço social no âmbito das missões subsidiárias. Tal questão é justificada pela própria lógica normativa, a qual prevê a transitoriedade nas operações militares dessa natureza, tendo em vista não ser essa a missão constitucional das Forças Armadas. A partir dos dados levantados, esta tese defende a necessidade de conhecimento, por parte da profissão, sobre as políticas de defesa nacional e, em particular, do emprego atual das missões subsidiárias, ao considerar que a invisibilidade desta área dificulta investimentos em estudos sobre o espaço socio-ocupacional das Forças Armadas, além de manter a distância entre as ações e possibilidades deste campo com o projeto ético-político do Serviço Social. / [en] This research deals with the new requests made to Aeronautics social workers. Addressing, in particular, the impacts to the social work, considering the relationship between the transformations that have been made in the universe of military work and defense policies of Brazil, approved in the 2000s. It sought to give visibility to the answers, built by the profession, from a point not yet analyzed, which is related to the work of social workers in the operational missions of the Armed Forces. The work started with a bibliographical review on the current national defense policies, and especially those of a subsidiary nature, as well as the examination of the main technical norms that regulate the professional performance. To make this study viable, a qualitative research was carried out, aiming to analyze the professional work of social workers and the requisitions of the operational field. In this way, three axes were used, namely: Military workers and the challenges of the subsidiary operational field; Subsidiary Missions: the look of Social Service and the construction of its place; Social Service and the legitimation of the socio-occupational space in the missions of the Brazilian Air Force, involving military organizations of the Aeronautics Command in the areas of social assistance, health, airspace control, operational logistics and aviation, throughout the country. The results of the research demonstrate that the scenario of intense transformations and new requisitions for the profession, in the Aeronautics, is accompanied by a work condition, in most cases, marked by the instability character in the military service. Another signaled point focuses on the impacts to the profession, originating, on the one hand, by the ongoing transformations in the world of work and, on the other hand, the new requisitions that accompany current national defense policies. The results of the research also indicate the punctual and fragmented nature of social work actions within the scope of subsidiary missions. This issue is justified by the normative logic itself, which provides for transitoriness in military operations of this nature, since this is not the constitutional mission of the Armed Forces. Based on the data collected, this thesis argues the need for the profession to know about national defense policies and, in particular, the current use of subsidiary missions, considering that the invisibility of this area makes it difficult to invest in studies on the socio-occupational space of the Armed Forces, besides maintaining the distance between the actions and possibilities of this field with the ethical-political project of the Social Work.

Este trabalho analisa as perspectivas de defesa e segurança de Brasil e Venezuela contextualizando com as dinâmicas políticas sul-americanas e mundiais tendo o objetivo de estabelecer as diretrizes básicas de cada estrutura assim como apontar para os pontos de convergência existentes entre ambos com o objetivo de compreender possibilidades futuras de ações coordenadas. Para tanto foi selecionado o período que vai de 1998 até 2010, para o caso venezuelano, e 2003 a 2010, para ocaso brasileiro. / This paper examines the prospects for defense and security issues of Brazil and Venezuela, contextualizing with the political dynamics of South America and worldwide with the goal of establishing the basic guidelines of each structure as well as targeting the points of convergence between both, in order to understand future possibilities of coordinated actions. Therefore we selected the period from 1998 to 2010 for the Venezuelan case, and from 2003 to 2010, going down to Brazil.

Submitted by Priscilla Araujo (priscilla@ibict.br) on 2016-09-30T18:09:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) JAQUELINE BARRADAS 10 jan 2016 para impressao e distribuição.pdf: 3148491 bytes, checksum: 67ddc4ad19e9d9dd3dbd3604d589bc73 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-30T18:09:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) JAQUELINE BARRADAS 10 jan 2016 para impressao e distribuição.pdf: 3148491 bytes, checksum: 67ddc4ad19e9d9dd3dbd3604d589bc73 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-15 / O tema desta pesquisa é a comunicação cientifica no campo acadêmico-científico da Defesa Nacional. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório em que se identificou e analisou a produtividade científica dos docentes inseridos nos programas de pós-graduação em Ciência Política e Relações Internacionais, com áreas de concentração e linhas de pesquisa em defesa e segurança no Brasil, no triênio 2010-2012. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é identificar, no processo de comunicação científica do campo da Defesa nacional, os seus componentes básicos relativos aos programas de pós-graduação, à produtividade dos docentes, às temáticas de pesquisa e aos canais de comunicação. Uma análise quali-quantitativa da produção técnico-cientifica dos docentes foi realizada a partir da contagem dos itens por ano; por tipo de publicação e por programa; o padrão de autoria; a endogenia e a publicação em canais de comunicação estrangeiros. Os resultados revelam que o Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais San Tiago Dantas destaca-se pela expressiva produção científica, seguido do programa da UNB. Já o programa da PUC-Rio teve mais da metade (51%) de suas publicações em periódicos QUALIS A e o mesmo percentual em canais de publicações estrangeiros. Entre as características da produção científica, os canais de comunicação preferenciais para disseminação dos resultados das pesquisas estão os capítulos de livros e artigos de periódicos, em igualdade de condições; o padrão de autoria é a publicação individual e as publicações em canais de comunicação estrangeiros não se constituem um habitus do campo. A pesquisa revelou, entre os 90 docentes dos programas, os 20 mais produtivos. A média é de 8 artigos por autores no triênio, o que significa 2,6 de média anual, por autor, índice considerado satisfatório. São três as temáticas evidenciadas: Política Externa e Integração Regional, com 25% de frequência; Globalização, Governança e Desenvolvimento, com 17% de frequência; e Economia Política Internacional, com 13%. A pesquisa constatou que não há consenso sobre o conceito de Defesa, nem sobre em qual área deve estar hierarquicamente vinculada. Para que ocorra a institucionalização da Defesa como área do conhecimento, tornam-se urgentes esforços políticos, especialmente das políticas de ciência, tecnologia e inovação, a fim de conquistar espaço em cena. Os resultados apontam uma produção significativa no período no campo em construção. A área de Defesa, ainda incipiente como campo de conhecimento, precisa demonstrar seu potencial de crescimento por meio dos resultados que apresenta e os avanços conquistados até o momento. / This research theme is the scholarly communication in the academic-scientific field of national defense. This is an exploratory study that identified and analyzed the scientific productivity of teachers included in the programs of post graduate Political Science and International Relations, with areas of concentration and lines of research in defense and security in Brazil, in the triennium 2010 -2012. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the technical-scientific productivity of teachers was held from the count of items per year; by type of publication and program; the authorship pattern; endogeny and publication in foreign communication channels. The Graduate Program in International Relations San Tiago Dantas distinguished by significant scientific output, followed by the UNB program. But the PUC-Rio program had more than half (51%) of their publications in journals QUALIS A and the same percentage in foreign publications channels. Among the features of the scientific production, the preferred communication channels for the dissemination of research results are the book chapters and journal articles, on equal terms; the authorship pattern is the individual publication and publications in foreign communication channels do not constitute a habitus of the field. This research revealed, among the 90 teachers of the programs, the 20 most productive. The average is 8 articles by authors in three years, which means 2.6 annual average, by author, index satisfactory. There are three highlighted themes: Foreign and Regional Integration, with 25% attendance; Globalization, governance and development, with 17% attendance; and International Political Economy, with 13%. This research found that there is no consensus on the concept of defense, nor about which area should be hierarchically linked. For the occurrence of institutionalization of Defense as area of knowledge, become urgent political efforts, especially of science policy, technology and innovation, and how, in order to gain space on the scene. The results show a significant production during the construction field. The area Defense incipient as a field of knowledge, needs to demonstrate its growth potential through the results and presenting the progress made to date.

Thesis (M.A.(Sociology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / The purpose of the study was to explore the impacts of military deployment on the nuclear families of military members of the South African National Defence Force. Qualitative, exploratory research was conducted to determine the impacts of military deployment on the nuclear families of the SANDF. Data were collected through qualitative interviews. A purposive sampling technique was used wherein six families were sampled to explore the impacts of deployment on families with a member previously deployed to foreign missions by the South African National Defence Force. Inductive qualitative content data analysis was performed to analyse data. The study highlighted the areas of potential effects that deployment had before and after deployment of a service member as well as the daily lived experiences of the family during deployment of a family member. The study found that the increase in the changes in the composition of the family structure during deployment; continuous communication was very vital during deployment and the beneficial impacts of deployment. Most military families did not experience dire challenges during deployment but were normal challenges most civilian families experience. Instead, the military families developed resilience during the deployment period. / National Research Foundation (NRF)

依據我國國防報告書指出，國防部近年基於我國「國防法」之立法精神，結合行政院「擴大內需」與「激勵市場」之政策指導，逐步推展各項「國防資源釋商」規劃及相關作為，藉以將國防資源挹注國內市場，提升我國科技及工業水準。 依現階段我國國防資源釋商規劃，除了增加國防預算投注國內金額比例，期達成有效提高民間參與國防建設之意願與能力，促進國家產業及經發展等目的，並且逐步落實一般性軍需全部向國內採購，現有武器裝備之非核心維持能量，亦逐步規劃釋出民間承接；新武器裝備需求，民間能自製者，則不向外採購，軍方得不建立能量；運用「減少軍中自辦業務」、「降低國外採購金額」及「擴大釋商預算規模」等3原則，進行國防資源配置調整，以擴大國內釋商規模。 以「國有民營」計畫為例，國防部自民國88年進入實驗規劃階段，並於民國90年11月依「國防法」第22條授權制定完成「國防部科技工業機構委託民間經營管理辦法」，業經行政院召開跨部會會議審核通過，於民國91年3月1日施行，據以加速國有民營個案推動。國防部現已完成軍備局第302經理品生產工廠轉型，成為軍方國有民營成功首例，未來可針對機敏性低且軍民通用性高之國防科技工業機構，逐依執行成效檢討辦理委託民營；本研究旨在探討國防資源釋商政策─國有民營案執行成效，並提出未來策略規劃精進建議。 / The National Defense Report indicates that the MND has been prosecuting various privatization plans of national defense resources. These plans are based on the conception of the National Defense Act and are to cooperate with the Executive Yuan's policy to expand domestic needs and to stimulating market. It also aims to inject capital to the domestic markets and to improve domestic technology levels. MND will reduce military engagement and foreign procurement expenditure to expand privatization budget. The capital injection into domestic market is intended to encourage non-military industries to participate in defense developments and to promote domestic economics. General military necessities will continuously be purchased from domestic supplier and the maintainance of the subordinate military components will be taken over by non-military industries. The future purchase of new weapons and equipment which can be domestically manufactured will be exclusive to non-military suppliers in Taiwan. Take the Government-Owned Company-Operated project (GOCO) for example. MND has initiated the test-run phase of the project since 1999. In November 2001, MND promulgated the draft of “Regulations of the Operation and Management of National Defense Technology Institutions by Private Entities”, according to Article 22 of the National Defense Act. The draft has been reviewed and approved by the Executive Yuan and took effect on March 1 2001 to boost the promotion of GOCO system. MND has completed the privatization of Military Necessity Factory No. 302, which is the first success of GOCO. MND will keep privatizing national defense industry of low confidentiality and high common utilities. This thesis aims to analyse the policy of defense resources privatization, by virtue of the case study of GOCO, and to offer suggestions for policy formulation in the future.

De nos jours, le motif de la « crise de l’éducation » est récurrent dans les discussions publiques sur le système éducatif, et ce des deux côtés de l’Atlantique. Aux Etats-Unis, c’est au lendemain de la seconde guerre mondiale qu’il prend une tournure nouvelle. Jusqu’alors on avait parlé de « crise » pour désigner les difficultés matérielles et financières du système, mais l’expression prend une autre signification après 1945, tandis que s’installe un débat entre les partisans de l’éducation moderne, modèle inspiré par les principes de l’éducation progressiste, et les défenseurs d’une éducation humaniste, qui dénoncent une dégradation des exigences intellectuelles et des résultats de l’enseignement public. Cette étude se propose de restituer les termes de ce débat et d’analyser ses répercussions sur les dynamiques du système éducatif américain. La confrontation entre deux philosophies de l’éducation ne se limite pas à la sphère des professionnels et on en retrouve les échos dans la presse de grande diffusion comme dans certains films hollywoodiens. Alors que les États-Unis font face à une crise de confiance après le lancement réussi du satellite Spoutnik, le gouvernement américain désigne le système éducatif comme maillon faible en s’appuyant sur les critiques formulées tout au long des années 1950 par les adversaires de l’éducation moderne. Le télescopage du débat sur l’éducation et des logiques de Guerre froide ouvre alors la voie à une intervention fédérale inédite dans le domaine de l’éducation, avec l’adoption du National Defense Education Act de 1958. / The “crisis in education” has been a recurrent theme in discussions about the American school system. In the United States, it was after WWII that the notion gained momentum and a new meaning. Until then, the term “crisis” had been merely used to evoke the dire material and financial state of education. The expression took another turn with the emergence of a debate between proponents of modern education (a model derived from the principles of progressive education) and partisans of liberal education who denounced an intellectual degradation in the school system. This dissertation analyzes this debate and its consequences on the dynamics of education in the United States. This strife between two conceptions of education is set apart by its significant influence and pervasion of society. Indeed, not only did it involve the circle of professional educators but it also touched lay men, so much so that it was integrated by popular culture. Confronted with a confidence crisis in the aftermath of the successful launch of satellite Sputnik, the U.S. government pinpointed the school system as the weak link of the American nation, taking advantage of the wave of criticisms against modern education that had dominated the 1950s. The combination of the debate on education with the logics of the Cold War paved the way for an unprecedented federal intervention in the field of education with the 1958 National Defense Education Act.