Σήμερα διανύουμε μια νέα εποχή, η οποία χαρακτηρίζεται από πολιτισμική και εθνική ανομοιογένεια. Η πολυπολιτισμική σύνθεση της κοινωνίας και η συνακόλουθη αρχή του σεβασμού της διαφορετικότητας έχουν εμφανέστατα μεταφερθεί στην εκπαίδευση, η οποία είναι άρρηκτα συνδεδεμένη με το κοινωνικό περιβάλλον όπου συντελείται. Οι δημογραφικές αλλαγές έχουν προφανώς αντίκτυπο στο εκπαιδευτικό σύστημα, το οποίο καλείται να διαδραματίσει σημαντικό ρόλο στη δημιουργία προϋποθέσεων αποδοχής και αναγνώρισης του πλουραλισμού και της ετερότητας ως βασικών γνωρισμάτων των σύγχρονων κοινωνιών. Η εκπλήρωση του ρόλου αυτού απαιτεί προσαρμογή του ίδιου του εκπαιδευτικού συστήματος στα νέα δεδομένα κοινωνικοποίησης που χαρακτηρίζουν την εποχή μας. Απαιτεί ταυτόχρονα πέρα από την αναθεώρηση του νομοθετικού πλαισίου, του Αναλυτικού Προγράμματος και των προσφερόμενων προγραμμάτων και διδακτικού υλικού, τον εφοδιασμό των εκπαιδευτικών και των στελεχών της Εκπαίδευσης με σύγχρονες γνώσεις και δεξιότητες, οι οποίες θα τον καταστήσουν ικανό να χρησιμοποιεί την κατάλληλη μεθοδολογία και να εφαρμόζει τις απαραίτητες στρατηγικές, ώστε το εκπαιδευτικό και διοικητικό του έργο να είναι αποτελεσματικό. Ο ρόλος του Διευθυντή είναι καθοριστικός για την ομαλή και αποφασιστική λειτουργία του σχολείου. Η Διαπολιτισμική εκπαίδευση μπορεί να επιτύχει τους στόχους της αν υπάρξει αλλαγή στάσεων στο εκπαιδευτικό δυναμικό τόσο στο επίπεδο της διοίκησης όσο και στο επίπεδο της διδακτικής και παιδαγωγικής πρακτικής. Στην παρούσα εργασία το ερώτημα που τίθεται είναι αν ο κάθε Διευθυντής της κάθε σχολικής μαινάδας διαθέτει τα απαραίτητα προσόντα και τις ικανότητες να ανταποκριθεί αποτελεσματικά στο έργο του, δηλαδή αν έχει Διαπολιτισμική και διοικητική επάρκεια και ετοιμότητα σε θέματα που σχετίζονται με την ύπαρξη αλλά και τον τρόπο εργασίας με αλλόγλωσσους μαθητές. / Today we are going through a new area, which is characterized by a cultural and ethnic heterogeneity. The multicultural composure of society and the following principles of respect towards differencicition have obviously transfer to education, which is inseparable linked to the social environment where it takes place. The demographic changes have an obvious impact on the educational system. Which is summoned to a role of creating conditions of acceptance and recognition of pluralism and otherness as the basic characteristics of modern societies. The fulfillment of this role requires adjustments to the educational system itself towards the new data of social inclusion that characterizes our societies. Expect of the simultaneous adjustments to the legal framework, changes are also required concerning the curriculum, the offered programs, the teaching material, the supplement of teachers and executives of education with modern knowledge and abilities which will make them capable of using the right method and following the needed strategies so their educational and leading work is effective. The principals role is defining for the smooth and effective function of a school intercultural education can reach its goals if theirs is a change of attitudes in educational dynamic as much on an executive level as in teaching and educational practice. In this thesis the given question is whether each principal of each school unit has the required qualifications and abilities to react accordingly concerning his work, meaning whether or not he has intercultural and leading capabilities and confidence concerning intercultural issues about working with foreign speaking students.

This thesis focuses on the relationships between Czechs and Germans in České Budějovice during the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. The main emphasis is on the influence the church had on the relationships between the two nations in the time and place mentioned above, as they were described in the collected sources and historic literature. This thesis concentrates mainly on these topics: religious life, community life and education. The conclusion of my work is the discovery that the church and the individual congregations did not participate in the national struggle in the town. They only tried to work to the benefit of the town and its citizens. In case they set up organizations such as schools, clubs, hospitals, it was because they were missing in the town or because they did not exist in sufficient numbers for the ever-evolving town of České Budějovice. It did not matter whether it was a school for Czech or German children, for example. Also, the nationality of the members of the church and congregations themselves was not necessarily decisive. Although the knowledge of both Czech and German language in the town was an important prerequisite. More significant problems arose only with the Redemptorist college, which became unintentionally by the...

This study aims to analyze the impact of the rule of choice of nationality as a factor reducing the polipatria, as is most common in use today by the Democratic State of Law. This analysis is done from the perspective of the primacy International Law over National Law. So, therefore, is that it questions the possibility of positive, the original constituent power of constitutional rule unconstitutional on loss of nationality. With the support of the constitution also asks the possible existence of unconstitutional standards in the discipline of legal naturalization. It is using the theory of nationality and the legal concept of law of International Law, both in Pontes de Miranda. / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / O presente estudo objetiva analisar a incidência da regra da optabilidade por uma nacionalidade como fator redutor da polipatria, conforme é o uso mais comum na atualidade pelos Estados Democráticos de Direito. Tal analise é feita a partir da perspectiva de primazia do Direito das Gentes sobre o Direito Nacional. Assim, portanto, é que se questiona a possibilidade de positivação, pelo poder constituinte originário, de norma constitucional inconstitucional em matéria de perda da nacionalidade. Com amparo na constitucionalização dos direitos também se indaga a possível existência de normas inconstitucionais na disciplina legal da naturalização. Faz-se uso da teoria da nacionalidade jurídica e da noção de Direito das Gentes, ambas em Pontes de Miranda.

In my doctoral thesis, which I have elaborated on the basis of my diploma thesis Doubled Identity of Crew Members on Cruise Ships as the Instrument of Cultural Adaptation, supervised by Mgr. Helena Tužinská, PhD., I have analysed the way of life of crew members sharing the multiethnical territory of cruise ships. Crew members working there come from over 50 different countries. In spite of their different origins and cultures which have been forming their behaviour and way of thinking, they share small space without any conflicts. My goal is to sum up the basic conditions which should be met in any multiethnical society to ensure that there would not be any conflicts between its habitants. According to my hypothesis there is a need of other than ethnical identity which could unify them on other than ethnical basis. In the territory of cruise ships it is the socio-professional identity of 'crew member '. I found out that there are two main factors responsible for successful co-existence of people from different cultures here - communication and the system of values. That is why from all factors in which we can observe socio-professional identity of crew members I preferably analyse rules and norms established by crew members and lingua franca used on cruise ships called 'ship language'. The specific...

Charles University in Prague Faculty of Arts Institute of Czech Studies Historical Sciences - Czech History Zdenko M a r š á l e k ABSTRACT OF THE PhD THESIS "Česká", nebo "československá" armáda? Národnostní složení československých vojenských jednotek v zahraničí v letech 1939-1945 "Czech", or "Czechoslovak" Army? The ethnic and nationality composition of the Czechoslovak military units-in-exile in 1939-1945 tutor: prof. PhDr. Jan Kuklík, CSc. (†) PhDr. Jan Gebhart, DrSc. 2014 ABSTRACT General background One of the most important phenomena, which is important especially in current and future Europe, is the problem of the personal self-identification of individuals in the multinational and multicultural environment of higher (e.g., political) units, in particular national self- identification. For research about the problems connected with this phenomenon, the sample of the Czechoslovak units-in-exile during the World War II is an almost ideal historical model. The Czechoslovak units were, by far, the most diverse armed forces among the all exile-armies; yet this issue has not attracted the attention it deserves, neither in terms of different nationalities, nor from the perspective of ethnic issues in the units as a whole. The issue of the nationality in the resistance-in-exile was determined by the needs...

The mission of the Gareganze's Brothers in Christ Church facing the chaos of the socio-political situation in DRC resulting mostly from the question of the Congolese nationality is to dynamise the christian mission and to protect the poor, set free the captives, because God is always at their side. The DRC, though, has enormous natural resources and the competent human resources capabilities. The national institutions seem to be unable to handle this situation because of the lack of political culture, mismanagement and moral untidiness. The successive Congolese crises mostly are the same, the common denominator resides in the causes that brought them about. The main objectives of the antagonist groups are political leadership and material wealth. The findings of our analysis will help the Church of Christ in Congo, to fulfill the prophetic mission and the vision of God, for the positive transformation of the Congolese society. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Div. (Missiology)

The work deals with concepts related to education for tolerance and multiculturalism, defining its main ideas and goals. They are given the contemporary concept of education for tolerance. Specifically, it is our Republic, the European Union (Austria, Slovakia, Poland, Germany, France) and powers outside the European Union such as the U.S. and Russia.

This master thesis deals with life of roman-catholic parish of Hosin focused to the 2nd period of 19th century till the beginning of the 1st world war period. 1st two chapters are describing the religious events in Bohemia and in Ceskobudejovicka diocese during the mentioned period. Furthermore this master thesis summarizes events and relationships in Hosin?s parish given by political changes in our country including the significant event of old church demolition and construction of a new one. T is tract includes picture attachments with a outlining character. This master thesis is based on historical sources presenting the tracts of famous historian ass well as information sources less known.

As a result of globalization, multinational teams are being more frequently used in today´s businesses. This specific type of team can be described as heterogeneous when it comes to nationality and linguistics. The aim of this study was to explore the concept of multinational teams. This was made using culture as a main concept, and nationality, linguistics, and organizational culture in order to describe it. We intended to say something about how this type of team´s efficiency; when it comes to satisfaction and performance; was affected by national and linguistic heterogeneity within the team. While analyzing differences between the teams’ efficiency when it comes to satisfaction and performance, we also intended to say something about how organizational culture can affect this. This study was made by using a qualitative approach, with focus on a deductive way of doing it. Four different case studies were conducted in order to support this study. A total of seven different respondents where used in this study and their narratives are together with the theoretical framework the basis for this study´s analysis and conclusions. This study reveals that perceived efficiency when it comes to satisfaction and performance can be affected by national and linguistic heterogeneity among team members in multinational teams. It also suggests that organizational culture can be used in order to overshadow these differences among team members, and that this in turn affects the perceived efficiency. A straightforward answer regarding nationality, linguistic, and organizational culture´s influence on multinational team´s efficiency, was never given from the case studies. Instead, this seemed to vary from case to case. Two extremes were yet to be found. When nationality and linguistic heterogeneity were easy to observe, low efficiency was perceived in the multinational team. In contrast, when organizational culture was easy to observe, high efficiency was perceived within the multinational team. This suggests that organizational culture can override national and linguistic heterogeneity when it comes to creating high performance and satisfaction among members of multinational teams.

Cette thèse comparative interroge l'influence du racisme et de l'islamophobie sur les parcours d'une séries de familles dont un partenaire se déclare Arabe. À partir des récits de vie et des participations observantes, le travail accorde une attention particulière aux enjeux qui dérivent de la nationalité et de la citoyenneté, de la religion et de la dimension linguistique. L'intérêt porté à ces trois indicateurs se dévoile grâce à une série des « scènes-situationnelles » (Szene) qui permettent de saisir l'action individuelle et l'action collective des individus qui résistent face à la stigmatisation que leur mixité particulière génère. L'analyse de cette mixité conjugale et du conséquent métissage se fonde sur le principe que les orientations individuelles ne peuvent pas être saisies sans une analyse de l’entourage social complexe des individus composant ces familles. L’hybridation, le dépassement de l’appartenance, le glissement de statut et la puissance d’agir des couples déclenchent des mécanismes micro- conflictuels dont l’articulation s’avère bien souvent difficile à saisir, toutefois utile pour dépasser des binômes classiques qui affectent les études sur la présence du monde arabe, voire musulman, en Italie et en France. Parmi les multiples variables qui agissent sur la vie de couples, les effets des lois de migration, les discriminations existantes entre la réalité « ici et là-bas », la monté des préjugés envers le monde arabe et musulman apparaissent des éléments incontournables. Avec l’objectif de sortir des dichotomies et de la domination en tant qu’angle d’analyse de ces dynamiques conflictuelles, il est envisagé de comprendre certaines stratifications complexes, fondées sur les rapports sociaux de genre, de classe sociale, de racisation et de génération, qui sont le fruit de la rencontre de la migration avec les structures et les stratégies familiales et institutionnelles. L'originalité de ce travail vient du fait que l’évolution de la mixité conjugale est étudiée en rapport à la migration physique d’un des membres du couple et à la migration « intérieure » de l’autre, ainsi qu’aux étapes de la création du groupe familial même. / This comparative PhD thesis aims to investigate the influence – in Veneto and in Alsace – of racism and islamophobia on the life course of couples whose one partner is Arab. Based on life histories and participant observations, the analysis focuses on the effects of laws and decrees on nationality and citizenship, of national belonging, and of religious affiliation. These contextual elements help to understand the individual and collective actions in reaction to the stigmatization of mixité. The analytic originality consists in studying marriage dynamics by considering the physical migration of the Arab partner but also the « intimate » or « inner » migration of the other. Laws and decrees, political and media discourses and stigmatizing representations do affect the lives of these couples. But instead of weakening them, the research shows how quite often they may strengthen the actors and led them to emerge as agents of change for themselves, their families, and their society.