La protection diplomatique, autrefois institution centrale des relations internationales peut-elle être considérée aujourd’hui comme une sorte de vieil outil désormais rarement utilisé et promis sans doute très prochainement à un rangement définitif au grenier des concepts d’antan ? On pourrait au vue des mécanismes de protection internationale des droits de l’homme répondre par l’affirmative. Il ne s’agit nullement d’enterrer définitivement l’institution, mais de la replacer dans le contexte qui est celui de l’évolution d’autres mécanismes de protection des droits individuels dans le système international. Quel est l’état du droit applicable sur la mise en œuvre de la protection diplomatique ? Existe-t-il des instruments internationaux protégeant les nationaux à l’étranger en dehors de la protection diplomatique ?Le principe de souveraineté peut-il peut devenir un obstacle pour l’individu ou l’Etat protecteur dans l’exercice de la protection diplomatique ? Peut- on parler de protection diplomatique en écartant systématiquement la souveraineté des Etats ?La protection internationale des droits de l’homme concurrence t-elle l’exercice de la protection diplomatique ? / Diplomatic protection, formally the central institution of international relations could be considered today as a guiding tool, rarely used and could be definitely put aside of antan concepts ? We could from the observation of certain mechanisms of international protection of human right answer by affirmations. These allegations do not mean a definite putting aside of the institution, but a reiterations in a context whereby other mechanisms geared to protect human rights evaluate in an international system. What is the state of the law applied in the implementation of diplomatic protection? Do international instruments protecting nationals abroad exist apart from diplomatic protection?Could the principle of sovereignty be an obstacle for an individual or the state protector in the implementation of diplomatic protection? Could we talk of diplomatic protection while putting aside systematically the sovereignty of States? Does international protection of human rights compete with the exercising of diplomatic protection?

Sporting nationality in the light of European Union law Jan Exner Abstract The aim of this master's thesis is to answer the question of how to grasp and categorize the concept of sporting nationality in the EU. Its goal is to consider compliance of the rules set up by international sporting governing bodies determining athletes' eligibility in national teams with the concrete provisions of EU law. The provisions under scrutiny are mostly those laying down the prohibition of discrimination on grounds of nationality in the fields of EU citizenship, internal market freedoms and competition. The master's thesis simultaneously aims at suggesting concrete recommendations to international sporting governing bodies in order to better adapt their rules to EU law requirements. The authors of this master's thesis first claims that rules governing athletes' eligibility in national teams fall within the scope of EU law since they have economic impact and effect. Secondly, it is submitted that these rules limit athletes' rights under EU law and constitute therefore a restriction to respective provisions of the EU legal order. That is why the question whether such a restriction to EU law may be justified is examined. In this respect, the Court of Justice provided sporting world with a useful manual on how to pass EU law...

The thesis pictures mutual relations of Croats and Serbs in the Dalmatian inland region (in the period from the Second World War until present) in selected novels of two Croatian and one Serbian novelist. To be specific, the thesis analyses following writings from the second half of the 20th century - Anđeli lijepo pjevaju (1953) from Vojin Jelić, Kostolomi (1960) and Klačina (1970) from Jozo Laušić and Braća po materi (1987) from Jovan Radulović. It also focuses on each of the authors' position towards respective theme and compares problematic facts associated with this culturally specific Croatian region. The thesis deals with denial of recognition of nationality and belonging to other culture and it aims on denial of certain problems of Serbian authors of Dalmatia. The thesis takes into account other Serbian and Croatian authors as well and includes them in the analyses. The thesis mentions for example Vladan Desnica, Vjekoslav Kaleb, Dinko Šimunović, Mirko Božić and Ivan Raos, whose writings describes co-existence of both nationalities, studied region and its people as well. However, those authors and their titles are not to be considered as the core of this final thesis. When analyzing the novel of Radulović Braća po materi, this part of the thesis also concerns the film processing together...

Topic of the diploma thesis is problematic of French citizenship acquisition. Specifically, it focuses on obstacles and problems that occur during a process of acquisition that applicants have to face. The first part of the thesis consists of theoretical and methodological framework of citizenship concepts, principles for its acquisition and atypical conceptions of citizenship. The second part is namely addressed to French citizenship, changes of its content, and possibilities of its acquisition. The third chapter specifies obstacles and problems during the process of French citizenship acquisition and defines whether discrimination occurs regarding its acquisition.

The aim of this study was to identify if digital games could be used as a method to study Cosmopolitan Democracy. Using a mixed methods approach, players of the Final Fantasy XIV (FFXIV) community were asked to answer a questionnaire concerning the importance of age, gender and nationality of other players, in order to see if their values aligned with those of Cosmopolitan Democracy. The questionnaire also investigated the use of the Auto-Translate feature in FFXIV to examine its usefulness as a lingua franca to bridge gaps in language equality. Furthermore a literature review on the use of digital games in education and ideologies was conducted. The results showed that the values of the FFXIV community do align with those of Cosmopolitan Democracy, that Auto-Translate successfully acts as a lingua franca, and that games have a history of teaching players about differing ideologies. The conclusions advocated the creation of a game based on Cosmopolitan Democracy, allowing for players to experience the democratic model and for researchers to gather data on its functionality.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att identifiera vilka nationaliteter som finns representerade, och hur utländskt och svenskt framställs i 12 kokböcker för barn utgivna i Sverige 1960-2014. Först gjordes en innehållsanalys för att finna lämpliga analyskategorier för att beskriva hur nationell och icke-svensk proveniens kommer till uttryck. Följande kategorier identifierades: explicit omnämnande av nationalitet, t.ex. land, världsdel eller område; delar av eller hela receptnamn på annat språk än svenska; recept med ingredienser på annat språk än svenska; informerande och förklarande text samt andra belägg som anknyter till utländskt ursprung. I ett andra steg undersöktes gestaltningen av utländskt och svenskt genom diskursanalys för att synliggöra hur normer och värderingar uttrycks diskursivt. Resultatet visar att förekommande nationaliteter överlag överensstämmer med kokböcker för vuxna under samma period, även när det gäller de kulinariska Andra. Resultatet visar också att det finns olika sätt att diskursivt uttrycka normer och värderingar om mat, länder och kulturer, vilket ibland innefattar stereotypiska föreställningar, och att barnkokboksförfattare har ett ansvar ur ett bredare didaktiskt perspektiv när de gäller dessa aspekter genom att de är förmedlare av kunskap och vänder sig till barnet som läsare. / The aim of this study is to identify which nationalities are represented, and how the foreign and the Swedish is depicted, in 12 cookbooks for children published in Sweden between 1960 and 2014. First, a content analysis was carried out in order to identify adequate analytical categories to describe how national and non-Swedish origin can be expressed. The following categories were identified: explicit mentioning of nationality such as country, continent, and other expression for specific areas; part or whole recipe names with foreign, i.e. non-Swedish words, and type of kitchen; recipes with non-Swedish names of ingredients; informative texts and explanations, and other evidence for foreign origin. Secondly, the depiction of the foreign and the Swedish was studied through discourse analysis to unveil how norms and values is expressed discursively. The study shows that the occurring nationalities overall correspond to those found in adults’ cookbooks, also in terms of the culinary Other. It also shows that there are various ways that norms and values can be expressed discursively regarding food, countries, and culture, which sometimes include stereotypical notions, and that authors of children’s cookbooks carry a responsibility regarding these aspects in a broader didactic perspective, by transmitting knowledge, and by addressing the child as a reader.

Le 5 juillet 1830, Husayn dey signe une reddition. Alger tombe aux mains de la puissance conquérante, et, mécaniquement, les Algériens sont dits français. Cette automaticité de la nationalité tire sa force d'un principe général du droit des gens : l'État annexant attribue sa nationalité aux sujets dont l'État annexé disparaît en tant que sujet de droit international. Cette mécanique du droit est aussi une charge narrative toute contenue dans cet énoncé : les Algériens sont français. Or, pour impérative que soit la formule, d'un strict point de vue juridique, elle n'en demeure pas moins un raccourci historique que je me propose d'examiner. L'examen de la question de la nationalité des Algériens fixés à l'étranger, principalement dans l'empire ottoman, restitue au moment 1830 son caractère premier : son indétermination. Ce déplacement de la pensée dans la migration pose la colonie comme un arbitraire narratif, cet après-coup écrasant ce moment d'indéterminations. Réinscrire les conflits de nationalité dans leurs dimensions internationales donne à voir tout ce que le droit de la nationalité a de pragmatique dans l'essai de définition de l'Algérien, sujet français. Nous interrogeons le droit et ses récits comme opérateur d'une transaction historique, et, partant tentons de mesurer l'incidence du droit sur nos historiographies. L'examen attentif de suppliques en nationalité permet alors de raconter une autre histoire, déduite non plus des énoncés élémentaires du droit mais du droit en action et en contexte. / On July 5th, 1830, Dey Husayn surrendered. Alger fell to the hands of the conquering power and, mechanically, Algerian were said to be French. This automatic granting of nationality emanated from a general principle of the law: the annexing State grants its nationality to the subjects whose State disappears as an object of international law. Such mechanics of the law also held a narrative power expressed in this statement: Algerians were French. No matter how imperious the formula was legally, it nevertheless accomplished a historical leap that I offer to re-explore. Examining the question of the nationality of Algerians established abroad, principally in the Ottoman Empire, renders to the moment of 1830 its initial dimension: that of indetermination. The intellectual displacement created by studying migration reveals the colony as a narrative arbitrary, an after-the-fact that crushes the moment of indeterminations. Re­exploring conflicts of nationality in their international dimensions reveals the pragmatic aspect of the law on nationality when it comes to defining the Algerian as a French subject. This work questions the law and its narratives as the operator of a historical transaction and it aims to explore the impact of the law on our historiographies. The careful examination of petitions for nationality allows to tell another story, a story no longer produced from elementary statements of the law, but from the law in action and in context.

TREATY SHOPPING IN INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT LAW ABSTRACT Treaty shopping is a term used to describe a change of the corporate structure of an investor with the aim of falling within the scope of a chosen investment treaty that would otherwise not be accessible to the investor in order to take advantage of its benefits. This thesis offers a comprehensive overview and analysis of treaty shopping in international investment law with the aim of clarifying what the limits of treaty shopping are and whether they are currently taken into account by investment tribunals. The thesis first examines several related theoretical issues. After introducing the notion of treaty shopping and outlining the negative impacts it may have (Chapter 1), the attention is turned to the question of how to approach the nationality of legal persons in international law and under investment treaties, since nationality is the key concept that enables treaty shopping (Chapter 2). Different corporate nationality criteria - incorporation, seat, control and effective activities - are introduced and described. The chapter also strives to illuminate how nationality is understood under the ICSID Convention. The subsequent analysis focuses on the denial of benefits clauses (Chapter 3) that are inserted into some treaties to prevent treaty...

No description available.

No description available.