Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:44:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_diana_lourdes_pizzi_dal_piva.pdf: 642514 bytes, checksum: efea7e41d17d74ea9e213f5ff608314f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-17 / This paper aims to evaluate the physiological performance of cotton seeds that where chemically delinted with sulfuric acid and neutralized with sodium hydroxide. It was used cotton seeds (Gossypium hirsutum L.), of the FIBRAMAX 966 variety, produced in the Midwest region of Brazil, in the city of Primavera do Leste Mato Grosso. During the treatment and storage phases, the seeds remained in the Itaquere seeds delinting plant (UDESIL), which is located in the Industrial Park of Primavera do Leste, and the sowing was held in the experimental area of the agronomy course of the College of Agricultural and Accurate Sciences - UNIC Primavera do Leste Unit. The treatments consisted of sodium hydroxide concentrations (0%,, 10%, 20% and 30%) and the experimental delimitation used was entirely randomized, with five repetitions. The seed physiological quality was evaluated before storage and after ten months of storage, by PH evaluation, one thousand seeds weight, water content, germination, first counts of germination, germination speed rate, field emergency, first count of emergency and emergency speed rate. The seeding emergence, after ten months of storage, showed an increasing trend with the elevations of NaOH concentrations. The chemical delinting with sodium hydroxide, as its concentration, affects the performance of the cotton seeds, during storage. / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho fisiológico de sementes de algodão deslintadas quimicamente com ácido sulfúrico e neutralizadas com hidróxido de sódio.Foram utilizadas sementes de algodão (Gossypium hirsutum L.), cultivar FIBERMAX 966, produzidas na região Centro-Oeste, município de Primavera do Leste - Mato Grosso. Durante as etapas de tratamento e armazenamento, as sementes permaneceram nas Instalações da Usina de Deslintamento de Sementes Itaquerê (UDESIL), localizado no Parque Industrial de Primavera do Leste, e a semeadura foi conduzida na área experimental do Curso de Agronomia da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Exatas UNIC Unidade de Primavera do Leste. Os tratamentos consistiram de concentrações de hidróxido de sódio (0%, 10%, 20% e 30%) e o delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. A qualidade fisiológica das sementes foi avaliada antes do armazenamento e após dez meses de armazenamento, por meio da avaliação do pH, peso de mil sementes, teor de água, germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, emergência em campo, primeira contagem de emergência e índice de velocidade de emergência. A emergência de plântulas, após 10 meses de armazenamento, apresentou tendência ao aumento com a elevação das concentrações de NaOH. O deslintamento químico com hidróxido de sódio, conforme a concentração, afeta o desempenho de sementes de algodão, durante o armazenamento.

Translation is all about finding the similar word and expression in the target language ́s culture and to try to obtain the same message as the source text. What a translator does with a translation project from the source language to the target language includes a process where several elements interact: finding the correct terminology in the target culture and be able to transfer the connotation and the message to the reader in the target language. The aim of this investigation is to identify and analyze the difficulties that may appear in the process of translating cultural aspects between Swedish and Spanish. The source text is a Swedish study Mediebilden av Sverige efter Stieg Larsson och Millennium (Sweden beyond the Millennium and Stieg Larsson) by Joakim Lind (2012) that has been translated into Spanish. The purpose of this study is to investigate if the translation techniques neutralization and the cultural equivalent are most suitable to use in the translation of cultural elements. The results of the study showed what was expected from the beginning, that it was mostly these two translation techniques that were used: neutralization and the cultural equivalent, but in several cases it was necessary to use other techniques like literal translation. The process of translation cannot only depend on one or two translation techniques and the translator must be able to recognize when the appropriate technique should be used. In several cases it has to be a combination of two or three translation techniques to be able to reach a good final result of the translated text.

Dans les zones portuaires un dragage régulier des sédiments est indispensable afin de maintenir une profondeur satisfaisante des voies de navigation. Dans ce travail, nous avons cherché à étudier la faisabilité d'un traitement de stabilisation en mélangeant 5% et 20% les résidus de bauxite (Bauxaline®, Bauxsol et Bauxaline® neutralisé) avec les sédiments marins de dragage pollués. L'efficacité de cette méthode de traitement a été évaluée en mesurant la concentration en éléments traces lixiviés et la toxicité des lixiviats des sédiments. L’application d’amendements de 20% résidus de bauxite a permis une réduction significative la concentration des éléments traces cationiques de 40 à 80%, et la toxicité des lixiviats. Quel que soit l’amendement, une faible efficacité de la stabilisation a été observée pour les éléments anioniques (As, Mo) / Marine sediments concentrate various pollutants and subsequent sedimentation of harbors and ports require periodic dredging to maintain satisfactory depth of waterways. Direct land deposition of contaminated marine dredged sediments pose risk to the environment due to possible leaching of trace elements. In this context, we aimed to study the feasibility of trace elements stabilization by mixing 5% and 20% of bauxite residues (bauxaline®, bauxsol and neutralized bauxaline®) with composted dredged marine sediment. The treatment efficiency was evaluated by monitoring the leached trace elements concentration and toxicity of sediment leachates. 20% amendment application successfully stabilized cationic pollutants (Cu, Cd, Zn) up to 40-80%, and decreased the toxicity of sediment leachates. Whereas, anionic pollutants (As, Mo) were less immobilized require further investigation

This study explored the relationship between cheating among university students and their cognitive developmental levels, use of neutralization techniques, self-concept as a multifaceted cognitive construct, and attitude toward cheating. The purposes of this study were to investigate: (1) The relationships between academic dishonesty and each of the following overall independent variables: cognitive development, use of neutralization techniques, self-concept as a multifaceted cognitive construct, and attitude toward cheating, and (2) the reasons behind college student academic cheating behaviors. The study used data from anonymous, self-report surveys administered to undergraduate students in-class and at supplemental sessions. Student participation was voluntary. The study was correlational. The five hypotheses were: (1) Self-concept is significantly and negatively related to academic dishonesty; (2) Cognitive development is significantly and negatively related to academic dishonesty; (3) Attitude toward cheating is significantly and negatively related to academic dishonesty; (4) The use of neutralization techniques is significantly and positively related to academic dishonesty; (5) Cognitive development, self-concept, and attitude toward cheating will make significant contributions to the regression model for the dependent variables of academic dishonesty. The data supported the first, third, and fourth hypotheses. However, the second and fifth hypotheses were supported under certain conditions. The roles of cognitive development and self-concept in academic dishonesty represent major findings.

A diarréia por rotavírus tem sido umas das principais causas de mortalidade infantil. Pesquisas, que relatam a presença de IgA no leite e colostro humanos reativos com o rotavírus. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar a presença de anticorpos IgA anti-G3P[2] em amostras de leite e colostro e anti-G9P[8] em amostras de leite pela técnica de ELISA, verificar sua capacidade neutralizante e analisar a reatividade pelo Immunoblotting. Todas as amostras apresentaram anticorpos detectados pelo ELISA e neutralização do vírus G3P[2] e G9P[8]. Não foi observada correlação entre os títulos de ELISA e os neutralizantes para G3P[2], mas para o sorotipo G9P[8] foi possível estabelecer uma correlação significante. As amostras reconheceram frações do antígeno viral no ensaio de Immunoblotting, mas não foi possível estabelecer uma correlação entre altos títulos e alguma fração antigênica específica. Este trabalho fornece subsídios para avaliações das estratégias de vacinação. / The rotavirus diarrhea is one of the main causes of infant mortality. Studies have shown the presence of IgA in milk and colostrum reactive with human rotavirus. Our aim was to evaluate the presence of IgA anti-G3P[2] in milk and colostrum samples and anti-G9P[8] in milk ones, evaluate the IgA reactivity by ELISA and evaluate the IgA reactivity by immunoblotting. In addition, this work aimed to verify the neutralizing all titles of the samples. All of them had antibodies reactive with G3P[2] and G9P[8] and showed varied neutralization titles. There was a significant correlation between anti-G9P[8] IgA titers and the neutralizing ones, but the same was not observed for serotype G3P[2]. All samples recognized some viral antigenic fraction in immunoblotting test, but it was not possible establish a correlation between high antibodies levels and some specific antigenic fraction. This approach may be important for studies concerning vaccination strategies.

Einleitung: Masern, Mumps und Röteln sind weltweit verbreitete Kinderkrankheiten. Laut Zielvorgaben der World Health Organization (WHO) sollten bis 2015 die Masernviren eradiziert und die Inzidenzen für Mumps und Röteln deutlich vermindert sein. Trotz der beträchtlichen Senkung der Erkrankungszahlen nach der Einführung der jeweiligen Impfungen in den 1970 Jahren kommt es bis heute, sowohl national als auch international zu lokalen Ausbrüchen der Krankheiten. Dabei sind immer häufiger junge Erwachsene betroffen, deren Komplikationsrate bei allen drei Viruserkrankungen im Vergleich zu Kindern deutlich höher liegt. Dies erhöht die Brisanz im Falle eines Ausbruches und führt dazu, dass es auch heute noch in Deutschland vereinzelt zu Todesfällen im Fall von Masern kommt und auch dass nicht wenige Menschen an den Spätfolgen dieser drei impfpräventablen Erkrankungen leiden. Ziele der Untersuchungen: Die Zielstellung der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, die Immunitätslage von 18 bis 29 jährigen Angestellten des Universitätsklinikums Leipzig gegen diese drei viralen Erreger zu bestimmen und im Kontext mit dem Impfstatus der Probanden zu stellen. Zudem sollte untersucht werden, ob auch heute noch die historischen Veränderungen der Impfregime durch die Wiedervereinigung und die Unterschiede bei den untersuchten sogenannten „Wendekindern“ nachgewiesen werden können. Des Weiteren sollten die Verlässlichkeit der diagnostischen Parameter über die Beurteilung des Immunstatus bewertet werden. Materialien und Methoden: Es standen insgesamt über 500 Serumproben zur näheren Auswertung zur Verfügung. Mittels ELISA-Test wurde die jeweils spezifische IgG-Konzentration gegen Masern, Mumps und Röteln ermittelt. Zudem wurden die virusspezifischen Aviditäten von IgG-Antikörpern bestimmt und durch die Anfertigung von Neutralisationstesten (NT) auch deren neutralisierende Wirkung untersucht. Von 326 Probanden wurde die Impfanamnese ermittelt und analysiert. Ergebnisse: Bei keiner der drei Viruserkrankungen wurde in der untersuchten Altersgruppe der 18-29 Jährigen die Seroprävalenz von 95% erreicht, welche notwendig ist, um nachhaltig eine Eindämmung der viralen Erreger in einer Population erreichen zu können. Der Immunstatus der untersuchten Probandengruppe fiel gegen Masern (90,5% IgG-positiv) am besten aus, gefolgt von dem Röteln- (87,1% IgG-positiv) und dem Mumps-Immunstatus (81,6% IgG-positiv). Eine Abnahme der Antikörperkonzentrationen in dem zeitlichen Verlauf nach einer Impfung konnte in der vorliegenden Arbeit gezeigt werden. Bei den vor mehr als 10 Jahren gegen das jeweilige Virus Geimpften sank der Anteil an Seropositiven um 7,4% (Masern und Röteln) bzw. 8,1% (Mumps) im Gegensatz zu den Probanden, die ihre letzte Impfung vor weniger als 10 Jahren erhalten hatten. Die unterschiedlich durchgeführten Impfregime vor und nach der Wiedervereinigung waren in der untersuchten Probandengruppe noch gut zu erkennen. Bei den Geburtsjahrgängen vor 1990 waren die Impfquoten um durchschnittlich 15% niedriger als bei den Jahrgängen ab 1990. Aufgrund der erhöhten Wildviruszirkulation vor 20 Jahren zeigten die älteren Jahrgänge dennoch einen ähnlich hohen Antikörperstatus, wie die Jüngeren. Auch die Auswertung der Aviditätsindices und der NT-Titer im zeitlichen Abstand zu der zuletzt erhaltenen Impfung ergab einen Hinweis auf die Boosterung der Immunität gegen den jeweiligen viralen Erreger durch den Kontakt der Probanden mit Wildvirus. Die Korrelation zwischen den diagnostischen Parametern IgG-Konzentration, Avidität und Neutralisationstiter ließen sich am besten bei den Masern- und den Rötelnwerten erkennen. Die Zusammenhänge bei Mumps waren im Vergleich zu den anderen beiden viralen Erregern gering. Die Abhängigkeit von der Impfanamnese konnte bei allen drei viralen Erregern nur bei den IgG-Konzentrationen festgestellt werden. Ein Zusammenhang zwischen Impfstatus und Höhe der Aviditätsindices bzw. Neutralisationstiter lag nicht vor. Schlussfolgerungen: Sowohl der Immun- als auch der Impfstatus der untersuchten jungen Erwachsenen (18 29 Jahre) ist für eine nachhaltige Eindämmung des Masern-, Mumps- und des Rötelnvirus nicht ausreichend. Die Bestimmung der IgG-Konzentration als Routinediagnostikum für die Erhebung eines Immunstatus ist bei allen drei Viren nur mit Einschränkungen geeignet. Die Durchführung von Neutralisationstesten, insbesondere gegen Mumps, ist Goldstandard für die Bestimmung einer Immunitätslage.:1. Einleitung 1 2. Literaturübersicht 4 2.1 Erkrankungsbilder Masern, Mumps und Röteln 4 2.1.1 Masern 4 2.1.2 Mumps 5 2.1.3 Röteln 5 2.2 Historie der Impfregime 6 2.2.1 Impfregime in der DDR und in der BRD vor 1990 6 2.2.2 Impfungen nach der Wiedervereinigung bis heute 7 2.2.3 Konzept „Gesundheit für alle“ der WHO 8 2.2.4 Impfstrategien in anderen Ländern 9 2.2.5 Impfmüdigkeit und Impfgegner 10 2.3 Epidemiologische Situation in Deutschland 12 2.3.1 Meldepflicht 12 2.3.2 Erkrankungszahlen und Inzidenzen 13 2.4 Fragestellung 20 3. Material und Methoden 21 Material 21 Methoden 28 3.1 Probenmaterial 28 3.2 Zellkultur 28 3.2.1 Zellkultivierung 28 3.2.2 Zellzahlbestimmung 29 3.2.3 Einfrieren und Auftauen von Zellen 30 3.2.4 Mykoplasmentest mittels DNA-Färbung 30 3.2.5 Mykoplasmennachweis mittels PCR 32 3.2.6 Gelelektrophorese 33 3.3 Stockvirus 34 3.3.1 Herstellung von Stockvirus 34 3.3.2 Titerbestimmung mittels Plaqueassay 35 3.3.3 Titerbestimmung mittels Endpunkttitration 36 3.4 IgG-ELISA 36 3.5 Aviditäts-Bestimmung 37 3.6 Neutralisationsteste 38 3.6.1 Masern Mikroneutralisationstest 38 3.6.2 Mumps Mikroneutralisationstest 39 3.6.3 Mumps Focus Reduktions-Neutralisationstest 39 3.6.4 Röteln Plaque Reduktions-Neutralisationstest 41 3.7 Statistische Auswertung 42 3.7.1 Erfassung von Korrelationen 42 3.7.2 Erfassung von statistischer Signifikanz 42 4. Ergebnisse 43 4.1 Destriktive Auswertung der verwendeten Serumproben 43 4.2 Immunstatus der untersuchten Probanden 44 4.2.1 Spezifische Antikörper-Konzentrationen gegen Masern, Mumps und Röteln 44 4.2.2 Spezifische Aviditätsindices gegen Masern, Mumps und Röteln 49 4.2.3 Neutralisierende Antiköper gegen Masern 52 4.2.4 Neutralisierende Antiköper gegen Mumps 54 4.2.5 Neutralisierende Antiköper gegen Röteln 58 4.3 Zusammenhänge der diagnostischen Parameter 59 4.3.1 Korrelationen zwischen IgG und Avidität 59 4.3.2 Korrelationen zwischen IgG und NT 61 4.3.3 Korrelationen zwischen Avidität und NT 63 4.4 Impfstatus 63 4.5 Zusammenhang Immunstatus und Impfanamnese 67 5. Diskussion 73 5.1 Unzureichender Serostatus der Probanden 73 5.2 Geschlechterunterschiede in der Immunitätsausbildung 75 5.3 Grenzwert-Diskussion 76 5.4 Zusammenhänge zwischen den diagnostischen Parametern 77 5.5 Unzureichende Impfquoten der Probanden 79 5.6 Waning-Effekt der Antiköper-Konzentrationen 80 5.7 Unterschiede in der Effektivität der Impfstämme 83 5.8 Wildviruskontakt versus Impfimmunität 85 6. Zusammenfassung 87 7. Summary 89 Literaturverzeichnis 91 Abbildungsverzeichnis 103 Tabellenverzeichnis 107 Danksagung 108 / Introduction: Measles, mumps and rubella are worldwide occurring childhood diseases. World Health Organization (WHO) declared the goal of measles eradication by 2015 and significant reduction of the incidence of mumps and rubella. Despite the substantial decrease after implementation of vaccination, there are still yearly outbreaks of the three infections on national and international level. At the same time, more often young adults are affected by all three viral diseases and their rate of complications is significantly higher than children. The explosive nature of the diseases leads to the fact that, even in Germany people die of measles. Further, more than a few people suffer from long-term effects of these diseases which could be prevented by vaccination. Aim of the research: The aim of the present project was to determine the immune status against the three viral diseases. Serum samples of 18 to 29 years-old employees of the Leipzig University Hospital were analyzed and connected with vaccination status. It was also determined if the historic changes of the vaccination politics in children of German reunification can still be demonstrated. Furthermore, the reliability of the diagnostic parameters, which is routinely taken for the evaluation of the immune status of a person, was considered. Material and Methods: More than 500 serum samples were available. The IgG concentration of mumps, measles and rubella was determined using routine ELISA assay. Furthermore, the specific antiviral IgG antibody avidity as well as their ability to neutralize viral infectivity (neutralization test) the vaccination history was recorded and analyzed. Results: The results show, that in none of the three diseases seroprevalence of >95% could be achieved which would be necessary for the sustainably containment of the viral pathogens in a population. In the examined cohort immunity against measles (90,5% IgG positive) was somewhat higher than against rubella (87,1% IgG positive) and mumps (81,6% IgG positive). A decrease in the antibody concentration could be demonstrated in the present paper when comparing the immune response in person with vaccination history of less than 10 years and those with last vaccination more than 10 years back. The seropositive rates decreased 7,4% (measles and rubella) or 8,1% (mumps). The different vaccination regimes before and after German reunification were still apparent. The vaccination rates from the birth cohort before 1990, was by an average of 15% lower than the cohorts from 1990. Due to the higher circulation of wild virus before 20 years ago, the older age groups had a similar status of antibodies than the younger group. Also, the analysis of the avidity and neutralization titer in the relationship of the period of time between the collection of data and the last obtained vaccination indicated booster of immunity by contact occult immunization (“stille Feiung”). The correlation between the diagnostic parameters, i.e. IgG concentration, avidity and neutralization assay, was best for measles and rubella. The relationships of mumps were lower than both the other viral pathogens. Only the IgG concentration from all three viruses correlated with the vaccination history. A relationship between the vaccination and the level of avidity or neutralization titers did not exist. Conclusion: The immune status and also the vaccination status from the investigated young adults (18 29 years) is not sufficient for the containment of measles, mumps and rubella. The determination of IgG concentration for surveillance of immunity all three viruses is of limited value. Particularly in case of mumps a neutralization assay appear indispensable.:1. Einleitung 1 2. Literaturübersicht 4 2.1 Erkrankungsbilder Masern, Mumps und Röteln 4 2.1.1 Masern 4 2.1.2 Mumps 5 2.1.3 Röteln 5 2.2 Historie der Impfregime 6 2.2.1 Impfregime in der DDR und in der BRD vor 1990 6 2.2.2 Impfungen nach der Wiedervereinigung bis heute 7 2.2.3 Konzept „Gesundheit für alle“ der WHO 8 2.2.4 Impfstrategien in anderen Ländern 9 2.2.5 Impfmüdigkeit und Impfgegner 10 2.3 Epidemiologische Situation in Deutschland 12 2.3.1 Meldepflicht 12 2.3.2 Erkrankungszahlen und Inzidenzen 13 2.4 Fragestellung 20 3. Material und Methoden 21 Material 21 Methoden 28 3.1 Probenmaterial 28 3.2 Zellkultur 28 3.2.1 Zellkultivierung 28 3.2.2 Zellzahlbestimmung 29 3.2.3 Einfrieren und Auftauen von Zellen 30 3.2.4 Mykoplasmentest mittels DNA-Färbung 30 3.2.5 Mykoplasmennachweis mittels PCR 32 3.2.6 Gelelektrophorese 33 3.3 Stockvirus 34 3.3.1 Herstellung von Stockvirus 34 3.3.2 Titerbestimmung mittels Plaqueassay 35 3.3.3 Titerbestimmung mittels Endpunkttitration 36 3.4 IgG-ELISA 36 3.5 Aviditäts-Bestimmung 37 3.6 Neutralisationsteste 38 3.6.1 Masern Mikroneutralisationstest 38 3.6.2 Mumps Mikroneutralisationstest 39 3.6.3 Mumps Focus Reduktions-Neutralisationstest 39 3.6.4 Röteln Plaque Reduktions-Neutralisationstest 41 3.7 Statistische Auswertung 42 3.7.1 Erfassung von Korrelationen 42 3.7.2 Erfassung von statistischer Signifikanz 42 4. Ergebnisse 43 4.1 Destriktive Auswertung der verwendeten Serumproben 43 4.2 Immunstatus der untersuchten Probanden 44 4.2.1 Spezifische Antikörper-Konzentrationen gegen Masern, Mumps und Röteln 44 4.2.2 Spezifische Aviditätsindices gegen Masern, Mumps und Röteln 49 4.2.3 Neutralisierende Antiköper gegen Masern 52 4.2.4 Neutralisierende Antiköper gegen Mumps 54 4.2.5 Neutralisierende Antiköper gegen Röteln 58 4.3 Zusammenhänge der diagnostischen Parameter 59 4.3.1 Korrelationen zwischen IgG und Avidität 59 4.3.2 Korrelationen zwischen IgG und NT 61 4.3.3 Korrelationen zwischen Avidität und NT 63 4.4 Impfstatus 63 4.5 Zusammenhang Immunstatus und Impfanamnese 67 5. Diskussion 73 5.1 Unzureichender Serostatus der Probanden 73 5.2 Geschlechterunterschiede in der Immunitätsausbildung 75 5.3 Grenzwert-Diskussion 76 5.4 Zusammenhänge zwischen den diagnostischen Parametern 77 5.5 Unzureichende Impfquoten der Probanden 79 5.6 Waning-Effekt der Antiköper-Konzentrationen 80 5.7 Unterschiede in der Effektivität der Impfstämme 83 5.8 Wildviruskontakt versus Impfimmunität 85 6. Zusammenfassung 87 7. Summary 89 Literaturverzeichnis 91 Abbildungsverzeichnis 103 Tabellenverzeichnis 107 Danksagung 108

Numera sker all industriell torkning av virke i sågverken i virkestorkar, som värms upp och därmed torkar virket till den optimala slutfuktkvot som tillönskas. Virkestorkar byggda i betong har länge varit ett stort problem för sågverksindustrin. Problematiken går tillbaka till 80-talet då man tvingades riva ett flertal torkar på grund av att betongtorkarna höll på att vittra sönder. Detta gällde för alla betongtorkar byggda fram till 70-talet. Det genomfördes i slutet på 90-talet en stor rapportundersökningen som behandlade de flesta typer av skador i betongtorkar. Fram tills idag har en närmare undersökning ej gjorts och det har fortfarande inte hittats standarder för reparation och underhåll som förlänger livslängden på betongtorkar. Sågverksindustrin förlorar varje år 10-tals miljoner kronor på reparationer och underhåll som i de flesta fall inte verkar fungera. Därför finns det en stor efterfrågan av tydliga instruktioner för val av material och hur dessa reparationer skall gå till. Rapporten behandlar den allmänna problematiken av skador som uppstår p.g.a. bland annat väldigt högt temperaturbelastade virkestorkar som är konstruerade i betong. Arbetet är uppdelat i två faser den ena fasen består av en teoridel som bland annat förklarar skadorna och dess uppkomst i betongtorkar. Den andra fasen behandlar en fältundersökning som genomfördes under rapportskrivningen samt de förslag till åtgärder som tagits fram. Denna rapport är en liten del av ett stort pågående projekt, där CBI Betonginstitutet och SP trä är projektutförare och samverkar med deltagande sågverk i Sverige och Norge samt leverantörer. Projektet ska mynna ut i en Guideline till sågverksindustrin, för att kunna utföra rätt reparationer med rätt materialval och därmed förlänga betongtorkarnas livslängd. Detta med utgångspunkt från fältundersökningens provtagningar. / Nowadays, all the process of industrial drying of lumber in sawmills are done in kilns, which the wood is heated and dried for the desired optimal moisture content. Timber drying kilns built in concrete has for a long time been a major issues for the sawmill industry. The problems goes as far back to the 80s when several wood kilns was forced to be demolished due to concrete kilns were about to crumble. This was mainly for all the concrete dries built up until the 70s. In the late 90's a report survey was carried out to investigate the damages that were inflicted in concrete dries. No other survey has been done since then and the report didn’t give tangible standards for repairs and maintenance that extends the service life in wood kilns. The sawmill industry loses each year tens of millions on repairs and maintenance that hasn’t shown any results of working. Therefore, there is a great demand of clear instructions for the selection of materials and how these repairs need to be done. The report deals with the general issues of very high temperature-loaded kilns constructed in concrete. The work is divided into two phases; one phase consists of a theoretical part including explaining of the damages and its emergence in the concrete kilns. The second phase deals with a field survey conducted during the report writing as well as the proposed measures have been developed. This report is one small part of a large ongoing project, where CBI and SP wood are the project implementers and interact with participating sawmills in Sweden and Norway and the suppliers. The project will culminate in a Guideline for the sawmill industry, to be able to perform the correct repair with proper materials and thereby extend the life of concrete kilns. This is based on field survey sampling. The project will culminate in a Guideline for the sawmill industry, to be able to perform the correct repair with proper materials and thereby extend the life of concrete drying. This is based on field survey sampling.

Athletics has been regarded as a means of encouraging youth to build character, discipline, and develop healthy habits. However, literature has emerged that asserts athletics do not prevent deviant behaviors, but instead, influence one to commit deviant acts. As such, this research examined effects of athletics on the commission of deviant behaviors via learning and techniques of neutralization theories. Subjects for this project included 325 college students from a southern regional university. Data were generated through the use of a self-report questionnaire, which measured variables pertaining to self-reported deviant behaviors including perceptions of peer deviance, neutralizing indicators, and sports participation. The findings suggest some support for each theoretical model, differential association and techniques of neutralization. Both theoretical models were supported, in general, with learning theory having the most support. When participation in sporting activity was considered, however, the results consistently showed no effect on various types of self-reported deviant behavior.

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Properties and origins of two byproducts from steelmaking plants, slag and acidic wastewater, are investigated in this report. The slags' suitability as neutralizing agents of acidic wastewater from the pickling process, with regard to amount of slag required and the environmental impact of the produced byproducts is investigated. Currently, lime concentrate – which is a finite resource – is used as a neutralizing agent at steel production plants. Because one of the most abundant components in slag is calcium oxide, which is also the active neutralizing substance in lime concentrate, slag is a potential neutralizing agent. A total number of eight slags – four slags from Outokumpu Stainless and four slags from Sandvik Materials Technology – are examined and compared to lime concentrate. Theoretical calculations and experimental trials are performed in order to determine if slag is able to neutralize acidic wastewater. The results show that all the slags are able to neutralize acidic wastewater, but not all slags have the same efficiency. The slags from SMT’s AOD-converter and SMT’s landfill are the most efficient in terms of total amount of neutralizing agent required to neutralize acidic wastewater. The results show that approximately four times more dry slag substance is required, when using the most efficient slag than when lime concentrate is used to neutralize acidic wastewater. The environmental and economic implications of the results are discussed. / Denna rapport undersöker egenskaperna hos de restprodukter som produceras vid ståltillverkningen, däribland slagg och surt avfallsvatten. Mer exakt bestäms slaggernas lämplighet att agera som neutraliserings reaktant i reningsporcessen av surt avfallsvattnet från betningsprocessen. Lämpligheten mäts i mängd slagg som krävs vid neutraliseringen samt restprodukternas miljömässiga påverkan. Idag används neutraliseringsmedlet kalkkoncentrat vid stålverken, vilket är en ändlig resurs. Då en av huvudsubstanserna i slagg är kalciumoxid, vilken också är den aktiva reaktanten i neutraliserings processen, genomförs experiment med slagg som neutraliseringsmedel. Totalt analyseras åtta slagger – fyra stycken slagger från Outokumpu Stainless och fyra stycken slagger från Sandvik Materials Technology. Slaggerna jämförs med referenstestersom utförts med kalk från vardera företag. Teoretiska beräkningar och experiment utförs för att undersöka om slagg kan neutralisera surt avfallsvatten. Resultaten visar att alla slagger fungerar som neutraliseringsmedel för det sura avfallsvattnet, dock med varierande effektivitet. Slaggen från SMT’s AOD-konverterslagg samt SMT’s deponis är mest effektiv när man ser till tillsattsmängd. Efter vidare beräkningar kan det konstateras att det krävs 4 gånger mer torrsubstans vid neutralisering med de mest effektiva slaggerna än vid neutralisering med kalkkoncentrat. Ekonomiska och miljömässiga innebörden av resultaten diskuteras. / Neutralsyra