O principal objetivo deste trabalho é investigar a forma dialética presente em Exércitos da Noite, uma das mais reconhecidas e ousadas obras do romancista norte-americano Norman Mailer. Publicada originalmente em 1968, Exércitos é um relato pessoal do autor sobre sua vivência na Marcha sobre o Pentágono, manifestação civil que reuniu milhares de pessoas em Washington, em outubro de 1967, em protesto contra a política americana na guerra do Vietnã. O livro, dividido em duas partes, recria, na primeira, uma perspectiva ficcional dos eventos, em contraste com a segunda, na qual Mailer procura criar uma visão histórica sobre os episódios da Marcha, recorrendo, para tanto, a técnicas de reportagem e excertos da cobertura da mídia no período, num tom fundamentalmente ensaístico. Permeando toda a narrativa, há o explosivo contexto da vida norte-americana do período, com sua cultura hippie, a emergência dos movimentos civis e a queima pública das cartas de convocação para a guerra. A presente dissertação analisa este peculiar romance à luz de textos centrais das áreas de teoria literária e estudos jornalísticos, além de evocar outros autores que, como Mailer, fizeram parte de um grande contexto renovador do jornalismo literário nos anos 1960 e 1970 chamado, genericamente, de Novo Jornalismo, de origem norte-americana e repercussões profundas, inclusive no Brasil. Com tal abordagem, intento alcançar uma melhor compreensão acerca dos mecanismos ficcionais que sustentam e aproximam os discursos jornalístico e literário, nomeadamente na obra de Mailer, que o crítico do New York Times Alfred Kazin definiu à época como um \"diário-ensaio-tratado-sermão\", com Mailer desempenhando seu dileto papel ficcional de visionário da América. / The main purpose of this issue is to investigate the dialectic form on Norman Mailer\'s acclaimed and Pulitzer-winner novel The Armies of the Night: The History as a Novel, The Novel as History, first published in 1968 as the author\'s personal account of the March on the Pentagon, a peace rally that shook Washington D.C. for three days in October 1967 and gathered thousands of civilians on a protest against the american policies concerning the Vietnam War. The book, divided into two parts, recreates, on the first, a fictional perspective of the events, while the second intends to convey a historical view on the same context, by mixing reporting techniques, excerpts from the media coverage and essayistic interventions. Throughout the whole book runs the thread of the mythic north-american background of the period, with its hippie culture, civilian movements and burned draft cards. Drawing on key authors from the literary and journalistic studies, this work pursuits a better understanding of the specific fictional procedures shared both by journalism and literature, namely on Armies of the Night, Mailer\'s new journalistic piece, that the New York Times critic Alfred Kazin defined tentatively as a \"diary-essaytract- sermon\", with Mailer playing his favorite part of the American visionary.

École de style, espace de mémoire et de réflexion, champ d’expérimentation de formes narratives, l'œuvre journalistique de Gabriel García Márquez affiche une indéniable ambition littéraire tout en gardant une valeur documentaire. En examinant les chroniques des Notas de Prensa 1980-84 et le reportage Noticia de un secuestro (1996), un constat général se dégage : la tentative de conversion esthétique que l'on trouve dans ces ouvrages vient confirmer ce qui était déjà une évidence dans la période initiale (1948-1961), la consolidation d'un espace singulier dans son œuvre se rapprochant de façon subsidiaire et non subalterne de ses travaux proprement littéraires. Cette recherche fusionnelle marque définitivement son reportage, car c'est dans ce domaine que l'investissement de la matière documentaire confine à la forme romanesque. Le facteur immuable du style serait la clé expliquant cette transposition des recours rhétoriques et narratifs dans la non-fiction. Par ce biais les échanges entre les deux domaines de son écriture s'avèrent plutôt fructueux; à terme, tous deux ciblent une vision poétique de la réalité et valident indépendamment leurs procédures de représentation. Mais cette tendance convergente n'est pas toujours exempte de zones de tension, surtout lorsque l'auteur se permet quelques écarts fictionnels dans ses chroniques. En revanche, dans le reportage qui se veut écrit comme un roman, la correspondance stricte avec l'enquête devient un impératif grandissant. Ainsi, son journalisme joue un rôle précurseur dans la presse colombienne tout en rejoignant un courant universel. / A stylistic school, a vehicle for recollection and reflection, an experimental field with narrative forms, Gabriel García Márquez’s journalistic works are characterised by both an undeniable literary ambition and genuine documentary value. An examination of the columns, Notas de Prensa 1980-84, and the reportage, Noticia de un secuestro [1996], leads to the following finding: the attempt at aesthetic transformation that runs throughout these works confirms what was already obvious in the initial period (1948-1961), the consolidation of a singular level in his work that approaches in a subsidiary but not subordinate manner his literary works proper. This quest can be seen definitively in all his reportage work, the area in which the approach to the documentary material borders on that of the novel form. The key to this transposition of rhetorical and narrative recourse to non-fiction would appear to be found in the style –its inalterable nature. It is in this way that the interplay between the two fields of his writing proves to be so rich; both ultimately strive for a poetical vision of reality and they independently validate their representative processes. However, this converging trend also contains some areas of tension, not least of which when the author allows himself to digress in his columns into what is nothing less than a brief sketch of a fictional work. In contrast, in the reportage intended to be written as a novel, a strict adherence to the investigation itself becomes increasingly crucial. It is in this way that his journalism can be seen as both a precursor in the Colombian press and as part of a universal current.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:45:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael Fonseca Santos.pdf: 1072594 bytes, checksum: 7a87606a43a631d370e1d04cfce5647c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-22 / This dissertation analyzes the work In Cold Blood, by Truman Capote, as the first great novel of the New Journalism or literary journalism. Summarily, it was published in four parts in The New Yorker magazine, in 1965. Given the huge repercussion, in the following year, it was compiled into a single volume and published as a book. In this dissertation, the reader will be faced with an analysis of what is the New Journalism, as well as its relationship with literature. Some issues about fiction inside reports and reality inside literature are discussed. The narrative is analyzed, exposing its journalistic and literary characteristics which contribute to the greatness of the book. Still as part of the narratives, the reader can find a study about North-American society and how Truman shows and discusses it in his book; and how Capote builds his characters, the way he uses literary techniques to give life to people in his work, and, particularly, how he presents the character Perry Smith, a cold killer presented as the effect of a liar society. / Este trabalho analisa a obra In Cold Blood, de Truman Capote, como primeiro grande romance do Novo Jornalismo ou jornalismo literário. Sumariamente, Capote publicou seus escritos em quatro partes na revista The New Yorker, em 1965. Dada a enorme repercussão, no ano seguinte foi compilado em um único volume e publicado em livro. Nesta dissertação, o leitor se deparará com uma análise acerca do que é o Novo Jornalismo, bem como sua relação com a literatura. São discutidas questões acerca do ficcional dentro de reportagens e da realidade dentro da literatura. Esquadrinha-se a narrativa, expondo suas características jornalísticas e literárias que corroboram para a grandeza da obra. Ainda no âmbito narrativo, o leitor poderá encontrar um estudo acerca da sociedade norte-americana e de que maneira Truman a apresenta e discute em sua obra. Verifica-se de que maneira Capote constrói suas personagens, como ele se utiliza de técnicas literárias para dar vida às pessoas reais dentro de sua obra e, particularmente, como ele descortina a personagem Perry Smith, um assassino frio apresentado como efeito de uma sociedade mentirosa.

This doctoral thesis deals with the intellectual biography of the writer and journalist Manuel Brunet (Vic, 1889, Figueres, 1956). It reconstructs the life and professional studies of the author, and the most important facets of his literature and journalism. In addition, it examines his literary texts. A special emphasis has been placed on the study of journalistic production of Brunet and on the analysis of the professional profile of the author. Examination and assessment of its production has been accurate, including a classification of the items and a comparison of his journalistic style with that of other contemporary authors, both Catalan (Josep Pla and Joseph M. de Sagarra), French (Charles Maurras and Léon Daudet) and English (GK Chesterton and Hilaire Belloc). The latter part of the work analysises the condition of "victor won" of Manuel Brunet after the Spanish Civil War, and how this author is an example of a whole generation of conservative Catalan nationalist witers who lived a difficult situation after the conflict. / Aquesta tesi doctoral aborda la biografia intel•lectual de l’escriptor i periodista Manuel Brunet (Vic, 1889-Figueres 1956). Reconstrueix la trajectòria vital i professional de l’autor i estudia les facetes més rellevants de la seva producció literària i periodística. A més s’hi analitzen els seus textos literaris. S’ha posat especial èmfasi en l’estudi de la producció periodística de Brunet, així com en l’anàlisi del perfil professional de l’autor. L’examen i valoració de la seva producció ha estat detinguda, amb l’agrupació dels articles per àmbits temàtics i la comparació del seu estil amb el d’altres autors contemporanis, tant catalans (Josep Pla i Josep M. de Sagarra) com francesos (Charles Maurras i Léon Daudet) i anglesos (G. K. Chesterton i Hilaire Belloc). A l’última part del treball, s’aborda l’anàlisi de la condició de “vencedor vençut” de Manuel Brunet després de la guerra, i la forma com aquest autor és exemple de tota una generació d’escriptors catalanistes conservadors que van viure una situació complicada després del conflicte.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

O principal objetivo deste trabalho é investigar a forma dialética presente em Exércitos da Noite, uma das mais reconhecidas e ousadas obras do romancista norte-americano Norman Mailer. Publicada originalmente em 1968, Exércitos é um relato pessoal do autor sobre sua vivência na Marcha sobre o Pentágono, manifestação civil que reuniu milhares de pessoas em Washington, em outubro de 1967, em protesto contra a política americana na guerra do Vietnã. O livro, dividido em duas partes, recria, na primeira, uma perspectiva ficcional dos eventos, em contraste com a segunda, na qual Mailer procura criar uma visão histórica sobre os episódios da Marcha, recorrendo, para tanto, a técnicas de reportagem e excertos da cobertura da mídia no período, num tom fundamentalmente ensaístico. Permeando toda a narrativa, há o explosivo contexto da vida norte-americana do período, com sua cultura hippie, a emergência dos movimentos civis e a queima pública das cartas de convocação para a guerra. A presente dissertação analisa este peculiar romance à luz de textos centrais das áreas de teoria literária e estudos jornalísticos, além de evocar outros autores que, como Mailer, fizeram parte de um grande contexto renovador do jornalismo literário nos anos 1960 e 1970 chamado, genericamente, de Novo Jornalismo, de origem norte-americana e repercussões profundas, inclusive no Brasil. Com tal abordagem, intento alcançar uma melhor compreensão acerca dos mecanismos ficcionais que sustentam e aproximam os discursos jornalístico e literário, nomeadamente na obra de Mailer, que o crítico do New York Times Alfred Kazin definiu à época como um \"diário-ensaio-tratado-sermão\", com Mailer desempenhando seu dileto papel ficcional de visionário da América. / The main purpose of this issue is to investigate the dialectic form on Norman Mailer\'s acclaimed and Pulitzer-winner novel The Armies of the Night: The History as a Novel, The Novel as History, first published in 1968 as the author\'s personal account of the March on the Pentagon, a peace rally that shook Washington D.C. for three days in October 1967 and gathered thousands of civilians on a protest against the american policies concerning the Vietnam War. The book, divided into two parts, recreates, on the first, a fictional perspective of the events, while the second intends to convey a historical view on the same context, by mixing reporting techniques, excerpts from the media coverage and essayistic interventions. Throughout the whole book runs the thread of the mythic north-american background of the period, with its hippie culture, civilian movements and burned draft cards. Drawing on key authors from the literary and journalistic studies, this work pursuits a better understanding of the specific fictional procedures shared both by journalism and literature, namely on Armies of the Night, Mailer\'s new journalistic piece, that the New York Times critic Alfred Kazin defined tentatively as a \"diary-essaytract- sermon\", with Mailer playing his favorite part of the American visionary.

I detta arbete studeras hur relationen mellan skolans undervisning kring källkritik och hur elevernas möten med verk med sanningsanspråk ser ut. Detta studerades genom en halvstrukturerad forskningsintervju med både lärare och elever. Lärarna är verksamma gymnasielärare i svenska och eleverna läser sitt tredje år vid gymnasiet. Eleverna intervjuades i fokusgrupper medan lärarna intervjuades en och en. Intervjuerna genomfördes via distans, och varje fokusgrupp och lärare intervjuades en gång. Denna studie är en kvalitativ studie med didaktisk teori som teoretiskt ramverk. Den slutsats som kan dras utifrån undersökningens resultat är att relationen mellan skolans undervisning kring källkritik och hur elevernas möten med verk med sanningsanspråk ser ut är relativt liten. Undervisningen innehåller verk med sanningsanspråk men det är inte en del av arbetet med källkritik. / This thesis examines the relation between the school’s work on source criticism and how students encounter with works with truth claims looks. This was studied through a semi-structured research interview with both teachers and students. The teachers are active high school teachers in Swedish and the students study their third year at the high school. The students were interviewed in focus groups while the teachers were interviewed one by one. The interviews were conducted remotely, and each focus group and teacher were interviewed once. This study is a qualitative study with didactic theory as a theoretical framework. The conclusion that can be drawn from the results of the survey is that the relationship between the school's teaching about source criticism and how students' encounters with works with truth claims looks is relatively small. The teaching contains works with truth claims but is not part of the work with source criticism.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:10:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mestrado.pdf: 355799 bytes, checksum: 2eddd4ba116ae5953b4240649b3b5476 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-10-17 / The research The chronicle in the newspaper: a reading of Caio Fernando Abreu has the objective to understand and to clarify the possibilities of the chronicle as journalistic and literary sort, through the study of the chronicles of the brazilian Caio Fernando Abreu (1948 - 1996), published in the newspapers O Estado de S. Paulo and Zero Hora (Porto Alegre, RS), and congregated in the book Little epiphanys (Sulina). The choice of the author if must to the predominantly literary and confessional style that it prints to its texts and that they place it in the same aesthetic tradition of Clarice Lispector, chronicler of the Jornal do Brasil in years 70. Such style contrasts excessively with the journalistic language, evidencing the origin of the chronicle: french feuilleton, sort that inaugurated the relation between media and fiction in Latin America. In Brazil, the chronicle prospered as sort of the journalism and literature, typical ambiguity of the hybridism of sorts that is fruit of the tradition of the Latin American rupture. Characterized, generally, for light texts, mood and coloquial language associates to the daily one, the chronicle have in Caio Fernando Abreu a singular author, whose introspective look standes out the condition human being. If on the other hand, it incorporates the daily one in its narratives, for another one develops inners monologues replete of sensations and feelings, very distants of the characteristic mood and the slightness of the sort. To the one in them to lean over on its chronicles, our objective was to catch variations of the sort and, at the same time, to inside investigate the function played for the chronicle inside the newspaper, in that if it relates to the formation of public-reader for the proper printed publication and, parallel, for literature. For in such a way, we appeal to the literary, communication and the journalism theories explored by authors as Antonio Candido, Walter Benjamin, Leyla Perrone-Moisés, Roman Jakobson, Muniz Sodré and Maria Helena Ferrari. / A pesquisa A crônica no jornal: uma leitura de Caio Fernando Abreu tem o objetivo de entender e esclarecer as possibilidades da crônica como gênero jornalístico e literário, através do estudo das crônicas do gaúcho Caio Fernando Abreu (1948 1996), publicadas nos jornais O Estado de S. Paulo e Zero Hora (Porto Alegre) e reunidas no livro Pequenas epifanias (ed. Sulina). A escolha do autor se deve ao estilo predominantemente literário, intimista e confessional que ele imprime aos seus textos e que o colocam na mesma tradição estética de Clarice Lispector, cronista do Jornal do Brasil nos anos 70. Tal estilo contrasta sobremaneira com a linguagem jornalística, evidenciando a origem da crônica: o folhetim francês, gênero que inaugurou a relação entre mídia e ficção na América Latina. No Brasil, a crônica prosperou como gênero do jornalismo e da literatura, ambigüidade típica do hibridismo de gêneros que é fruto da tradição da ruptura latino-americana. Caracterizada, geralmente, por textos leves, humor e linguagem coloquial associados ao cotidiano, a crônica tem em Caio Fernando Abreu um autor singular, cujo olhar introspectivo ressalta a condição humana. Se por um lado, ele incorpora o cotidiano em suas narrativas, por outro desenvolve monólogos interiores repletos de sensações e sentimentos, bem distantes do humor e da leveza característicos do gênero. Ao nos debruçarmos sobre as suas crônicas, nosso objetivo foi o de captar as nuances do gênero e, ao mesmo tempo, perscrutar a função desempenhada pela crônica dentro do jornal, no que se refere à formação de público-leitor para o próprio veículo e, paralelamente, para a literatura. Para tanto, recorremos às teorias literárias, da comunicação e do jornalismo exploradas por autores como Antonio Candido, Walter Benjamin, Leyla Perrone-Moisés, Roman Jakobson, Muniz Sodré e Maria Helena Ferrari.

This doctoral thesis explores the literarity of reportage, with a focus on the 20th century and modern reportage. The aim is to describe the literary strategies used in modern text-based reportage and how these strategies relate to journalistic standards of credibility and ethics. A primary focus is the question of what the reportage is looking for in the literary, what happens to this literarity when it is used for journalistic purposes, and, in turn, how the literary establishes ethics in the text.        By suggesting that a piece of reportage is a journalistic text that simultaneously tells the story about the reporter’s encounter with the event, this dissertation sheds light on possible approaches to the concept of literarity: Subjectivity, narrativity, meta-narrative aspects, the poetic function of language and the performative movements in the text. The ethics of reportage is also to be derived from the encounter, and this thesis implements a concept of ethics in conversations with Emmanuel Levinas and dialogical philosophy. It provides an opportunity to separate ethics from moral, ideological and political dimensions of responsibility in the encounter. This aspect of ethics, where literarity and counter-movement operate beyond the direct intention, is what is needed to understand the reportage genre.      The dissertation also includes six longer reportage analyses embodying its results: Djuna Barnes’s, Vagaries Malicieux, Ryszard Kapuściński’s Another Day of Life, Truman Capote’s In Cold Blood, Hanna Krall’s A Tale for Hollywood, Sven Lindqvist’s Kina nu: Vad skulle Mao ha sagt? and Joan Didion’s, Slouching towards Bethlehem.

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