A seguinte pesquisa trata das origens e projetos arquitetônicos do Setor Cultural de Brasília e busca compreender os antagonismos e similitudes existentes entre o Plano Piloto realizado por Lucio Costa e as diversas propostas elaboradas por Oscar Niemeyer e outros arquitetos para o local, algumas das quais construídas e consolidadas. A Esplanada dos Ministérios em Brasília é o ponto mais representativo do urbanismo e arquitetura da cidade e após cinquenta e três anos da inauguração da capital o Setor Cultural é o único trecho da Esplanada ainda não executado plenamente. Essa situação associada ao tombamento do conjunto urbanístico de Brasília em 1991 e à portaria 314/92 que estabelece exclusividade de intervenção aos dois arquitetos autores de Brasília fortalece a preocupação entre arquitetos, cidadãos e Estado em conciliar os propósitos de Costa e Niemeyer. Apesar da referência afirmativa de ambos sobre o modelo progressista na idealização do plano urbanístico e ainda um consenso e maturação dos conceitos e críticas ao urbanismo moderno, associados a uma postura respeitosa dos arquitetos em relação aos precedentes arquitetônicos, há contradições explícitas entre projetos executados de Oscar Niemeyer e o plano-­‐piloto levando até hoje a diversos projetos inconclusos e à polêmicas discussões sobre o Setor. A compreensão do desenvolvimento desse processo resulta da análise crítica dos projetos concebidos confrontados ao Plano Piloto de Lucio Costa e seus precedentes históricos, além da organização do inventário de projetos para o setor. / This research deals with the origins and architectural projects of the Cultural Sector of Brasília and pursues to understand the antagonisms and similarities between the Pilot Plan conducted by Lucio Costa and the various proposals made by the architect Oscar Niemeyer and other architects to the site, many of them built and consolidated. The Esplanade of Ministries in Brasilia is the most representative site of the urbanism and architecture of the city and fifty-­‐three years after the foundation of the capital, the Cultural Sector is the only part of the Esplanade that has not yet completely implemented. This situation associated with the legally protection of the urban site of Brasilia sanctioned in 1991 and the decree number 314/92 establishing exclusivity of architectural intervention to the two authors of Brasilia signs the concern among architects, citizens and government to conciliate the purposes of Costa and Niemeyer. Despite the positive reference of both architects about progressive urbanism model in the idealization of the urban plan of Brasília and even a consensus and maturation of concepts and critiques of modern urbanism, associated with a respectful attitude towards the architectural precedents, there are explicit contradictions between projects executed by Oscar Niemeyer and the pilot plan designed by Lucio Costa that leave until today many unfinished projects and controversial discussions about the sector. The understanding of this process development results in the critical analysis of architectural projects confronted to the Pilot Plan of Lucio Costa and its historical precedents, beyond the inventory organization of the Cultural Sector projects.

A seguinte pesquisa trata das origens e projetos arquitetônicos do Setor Cultural de Brasília e busca compreender os antagonismos e similitudes existentes entre o Plano Piloto realizado por Lucio Costa e as diversas propostas elaboradas por Oscar Niemeyer e outros arquitetos para o local, algumas das quais construídas e consolidadas. A Esplanada dos Ministérios em Brasília é o ponto mais representativo do urbanismo e arquitetura da cidade e após cinquenta e três anos da inauguração da capital o Setor Cultural é o único trecho da Esplanada ainda não executado plenamente. Essa situação associada ao tombamento do conjunto urbanístico de Brasília em 1991 e à portaria 314/92 que estabelece exclusividade de intervenção aos dois arquitetos autores de Brasília fortalece a preocupação entre arquitetos, cidadãos e Estado em conciliar os propósitos de Costa e Niemeyer. Apesar da referência afirmativa de ambos sobre o modelo progressista na idealização do plano urbanístico e ainda um consenso e maturação dos conceitos e críticas ao urbanismo moderno, associados a uma postura respeitosa dos arquitetos em relação aos precedentes arquitetônicos, há contradições explícitas entre projetos executados de Oscar Niemeyer e o plano-­‐piloto levando até hoje a diversos projetos inconclusos e à polêmicas discussões sobre o Setor. A compreensão do desenvolvimento desse processo resulta da análise crítica dos projetos concebidos confrontados ao Plano Piloto de Lucio Costa e seus precedentes históricos, além da organização do inventário de projetos para o setor. / This research deals with the origins and architectural projects of the Cultural Sector of Brasília and pursues to understand the antagonisms and similarities between the Pilot Plan conducted by Lucio Costa and the various proposals made by the architect Oscar Niemeyer and other architects to the site, many of them built and consolidated. The Esplanade of Ministries in Brasilia is the most representative site of the urbanism and architecture of the city and fifty-­‐three years after the foundation of the capital, the Cultural Sector is the only part of the Esplanade that has not yet completely implemented. This situation associated with the legally protection of the urban site of Brasilia sanctioned in 1991 and the decree number 314/92 establishing exclusivity of architectural intervention to the two authors of Brasilia signs the concern among architects, citizens and government to conciliate the purposes of Costa and Niemeyer. Despite the positive reference of both architects about progressive urbanism model in the idealization of the urban plan of Brasília and even a consensus and maturation of concepts and critiques of modern urbanism, associated with a respectful attitude towards the architectural precedents, there are explicit contradictions between projects executed by Oscar Niemeyer and the pilot plan designed by Lucio Costa that leave until today many unfinished projects and controversial discussions about the sector. The understanding of this process development results in the critical analysis of architectural projects confronted to the Pilot Plan of Lucio Costa and its historical precedents, beyond the inventory organization of the Cultural Sector projects.

This study uncovers and interprets the representation of alterity in Schubert’s Moment musical in Aβ, op. 94 no. 2 (1828) and Wilde’s ‘The Nightingale and the Rose’ from The Happy Prince and Other Stories (1888). Furthermore, the study locates and contextually investigates analogies between Schubert’s representation of alterity and Wilde’s. There is a strong likelihood that Schubert was part of a Viennese subculture that was involved in illicit activities and dissident experimentation. Since Maynard Solomon published his essay ‘Franz Schubert and the Peacocks of Benvenuto Cellini’ in 1989, the possibility of Schubert’s homosexuality has received a vast amount of critical attention. Whatever his sexuality, his music has long been seen as containing distinctly feminine traits and subversive elements. Similarly to Schubert, Wilde’s homosexuality and resulting ostracism forms an essential aspect of his life, oeuvre and of subsequent and current Wilde studies. The way in which both Schubert and Wilde’s marginalisation and illicit activities lent a sense of alterity to their works is intriguing. Taking on the loose appearance of deconstructive readings, the analysis of Schubert’s work incorporates musical semiotics, while the analysis of Wilde’s fairy tale builds on ideas raised in the Schubert analysis. The deconstructive readings focus on the binary opposition between the concepts of redemption and defeat as found in Wilde’s fairy tale. The duality between redemption and defeat is shown to have particular resonance with the Romantic image of the artist as messiah and martyr. This study offers the hypothesis that the sense of alterity experienced by Schubert and Wilde is reflected in their works as a longing for the unattainable, a quest for redemption, and that the representation of this alterity is often subversive and dissident. Specific ways in which Schubert and Wilde represent alterity are by refusing climactic moments, by juxtaposing opposites, by symbolising homoeroticism, and by purposefully disobeying stylistic obligations. Copyright / Dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Music / unrestricted

This dissertation asserts the value of James Lyon's Urania to the field of American music history as a vital contribution to the development of music in the British colonies prior to the War for Independence. While previous scholarship acknowledges Urania's importance as the first publication in America to contain music by a native-born composer, this study argues that its subscription list and selection of anthems (both of which were new to the field of American music publishing) contribute to the status this compilation is due. The confluence of the English chapel tradition and American singing school tradition contributes to the theological universality and accessibility of its twelve anthems. An introductory chapter discusses the secondary literature upon which this study is based - notably that of Oscar Sonneck and Richard Crawford - and posits applications for the idea presented herein beyond the field of musicology. Chapter 2 provides biographical information on James Lyon and contextualizes Urania within the broader framework of the English chapel tradition and the American singing-school tradition. Chapter 3 discusses the marketability of music in colonial America and explores the biographies of the subscribers to Urania using modern databases. Chapter 4 concerns the confluence of music and sacred text by placing Urania as a spiritual and cultural descendant of the theological universality preached during the Great Awakening. It concludes with an analysis of the anthems, taking into account both text and music. Chapter 5 concludes the study by showing how Urania affected music in the generations after its publication. My dissertation concludes with four appendices. Appendix A is an annotated list of Lyon's subscribers. Appendix B parses out basic information on the anthems, notably the texts. Appendices C and D provide critical notes and editions of the anthems, respectively.

Underneath the romance, comedy and exoticism, South Pacific is a story that questioned core American values, exploring issues of race and power at a time when these topics were intensely relevant-the original opened just four years post WWII, on the heels of Roosevelt's aggressive expansionist response to domestic instabilities. Much has been written about the depiction of war and racial prejudice in South Pacific. However, examining such topics in the context of their cultural and political moment (both in 1949 and 2008) and through the lens of Terry Eagleton's unique take on morality, is not only a fascinating study, but an intensely relevant and unchartered endeavor. This work concerns the evolution of an American code of ethics as it has been reflected and constructed in both Broadway productions of Roger and Hammerstein's South Pacific (c.1949, 2008). Specifically, it examines the depiction of WWII, America's imperialistic foreign policy, and the function of American patriotism in light of Terry Eagleton's theories surrounding an evolving code of ethics in 20th/21st century America. By so doing, this thesis uncovers answers to the following questions: What were the cultural and political forces at work at the time South Pacific was created (both in 1949 and 2008), and how did these forces influence the contrasting depictions of war, imperialism and patriotism in each version of the musical? In what ways were these productions reflective of a code of ethics that evolved from what Eagleton would classify as moral realism (prescriptive of behavior) to moral nihilism (reflective of behavior)? How did the use of this increasingly reflexive moral code make this politically controversial musical more palatable, and therefore commercially viable during the contrasting political climates of WWII and the recent war on Iraq? Determining answers to questions such as these enables us as a society to look back on our history-on our mistakes and triumphs-and recognize our tendency to find pragmatic justification for our actions rather than acknowledging the possibility of the existence of objective truth, which remains unchanged through time and circumstance.

La réflexion proposée dans la présente thèse établit un parallèle entre trois récits qui mettent en scène des héros aux prises avec un questionnement métaphysique : Aurélia (1855) de Gérard de Nerval (1808-1855), L'Amoureuse initiation (1910) d'Oscar Vladislas de Lubicz-Milosz (1877-1939) et Siddhartha (1922) de Hermann Hesse (1877- 1962). Le choix du corpus repose essentiellement sur l'identité générique des ouvrages, lesquels sont des récits initiatiques. Ayant pour fil conducteur les quêtes mystique et amoureuse des personnages, notre objectif premier sera de cerner plus exactement le récit initiatique comme genre littéraire grâce à des hypothèses qui nous amèneront, en conclusion, à compléter et enrichir la définition que la critique littéraire en a déjà faite. Les œuvres seront traitées grâce à une analyse à la lumière de la psychanalyse. L'une de nos hypothèses repose sur le fait qu'à travers les différentes composantes du processus d'individuation sont tracées les étapes du récit initiatique. Nous chercherons derrière les archétypes jungiens les phases de l'itinéraire caractérisant ce type d'écrit. Ensuite, nous avancerons l'hypothèse que le rêve occupe une fonction capitale dans le récit initiatique : il traduit un moment de crise existentielle et constitue une étape-clé du parcours des personnages. Une autre hypothèse consistera à poser l'existence d'un nouveau concept : l'élaboration tertiaire. Si le rêve est régi, selon Freud, par un mécanisme qu'il nomme « élaboration secondaire », nous considérons que le récit de rêve construit par les auteurs serait, quant à lui, une « élaboration tertiaire » que rend incontournable le travail d'écriture visant la constitution d'une trame narrative cohérente. Enfin, nous démontrerons que le concept de jouissance est inhérent aux quêtes spirituelle et amoureuse des personnages et intervient également dans la mise en écriture des récits. Notre étude aura pour point de départ une analyse inspirée des concepts jungiens et fera ensuite appel à Freud et Lacan, ces derniers permettant d'aller beaucoup plus loin dans l'interprétation des œuvres. En effet, les lacunes qu'offrent les travaux de Jung justifient le passage à ceux de Freud et de Lacan. Ainsi, dans le premier chapitre, c'est l'intérêt de Jung pour les mythes et le processus d'individuation qui retiendra notre attention alors que dans les deuxième et troisième chapitres, les concepts psychanalytiques freudiens et lacaniens (rêve, pulsion de mort, jouissance) seront convoqués. Ceci nous permettra de mettre à l'avant-plan la dimension sociale du processus d'individuation, la dimension plus personnelle du récit de rêve et, enfin, la dimension secrète de la jouissance. Le but d'une telle démarche impliquant des approches différentes prend sens autour d'un même objectif, soit celui de démontrer comment se construit un récit initiatique et comment s'organise le discours entre le maître et son disciple. Notre questionnement aura pour but d'extraire la matière novatrice des œuvres eu égard au savoir sur (de) l'inconscient.

L’opposition au coup d’État de 1973 au sein des forces armées chiliennes a été significative. En effet, un nombre symptomatique d’officiers, tout comme un nombre considérable des membres de la troupe, ont répondu « Non » à l’ordre de renverser le gouvernement légitime. Ces militaires légitimistes ont été particulièrement actifs dans la Marine, institution qui vit un conflit entre sa structure archaïque et le statut social de technicien acquis par les marins. Ce derniers perçoivent, avant d’autres secteurs de la société, le danger d’un coup d’État et vont tenter de s’organiser, tout d’abord pour informer les autorités et ensuite pour tenter de le faire avorter. Notre objectif est de retracer l’histoire du mouvement des marins légitimistes et notre hypothèse de travail est que le coup d’État de 1973 n’est pas l’œuvre de l’armée mais d’une fraction de celle-ci. Nous avons consulté quatre catégories de sources : 1) La presse : 6 quotidiens et 2 hebdomadaires opposés au gouvernement d’Allende; 4 quotidiens, 2 hebdomadaires et un bimensuel proches du gouvernement ou de gauche. 2) Les essais, documents politiques, témoignages et mémoires, particulièrement les mémoires des quatre amiraux organisateurs du coup d’État. 3) Les procès entamés contre les marins dès la fin du gouvernement d’Allende, dont les 6.000 pages du célèbre procès 3926 contre les marins de la flotte. 4) Nous avons interviewé 30 marins, ce qui correspond à environ un tiers des marins condamnés par les tribunaux navals sous la dictature. En outre, nous avons interviewé, des militants, des avocats, un procureur, un général de l’aviation opposé au coup d’État, un officier de la Marine opposé au coup d’État et un officier de la Marine favorable au coup d’État. Au total 52 interviews qui totalisent un bon millier de pages. L’introduction présente le sujet et explique sa pertinence : les réunions entre les marins et les dirigeants politiques restent un événement souvent cité dans l’historiographie qui justifie le coup d’État. Le ch. I est un travail de compilation sur l’histoire des révoltes de marins au XXe siècle, pour identifier les éléments communs entre elles. Le ch. II tente de situer la Marine chilienne dans son contexte historique et social, rappelant les conflits qui ont secoué la force navale et sa réorganisation lors du début de la Guerre froide et décrivant le contenu de l’enseignement donné à l’École navale des officiers. Le ch. III décrit la vie sociale dans la Marine de 1970 –l’année de l’élection présidentielle– surtout les relations difficiles entre la troupe et les officiers. Celles-ci se manifestent à travers des réactions contradictoires au résultat de l’élection. Pendant les premiers mois du gouvernement d’Allende, un nombre croissant d’officiers manifeste son opposition, alors que des « hommes de mer » (la troupe) s’organisent pour le défendre. Les ch. IV et V couvrent la période qui va de 1971 jusqu’à la première tentative de coup d’État le 29 juin 1973 (el Tanquetazo). Elle est marquée d’une part par l’adhésion de la plupart des officiers aux thèses putschistes, et d’autre part, par un notable développement des groupes de marins antiputschistes. Nous décrivons les relations structurelles entre les officiers et civils conjurés et l’établissement des relations entre des groupes de marins et certains partis politiques de gauche. Ce travail décrit la réunion secrète où plusieurs groupes de marins, tentent d’établir une coordination et discutent s’il faut agir avant que le coup d’État ne soit déclenché ou seulement en réaction à celui-ci. Le chapitre VI couvre les cinq « semaines décisives » qui s’écoulent entre la tentative de putsch du 29 juin et l’arrestation des marins de la flotte, le 5 août 1973. Dans la Marine, la préparation du coup d’État arrive à sa phase finale, avec un affairement perceptible. Beaucoup de marins craignent d’être forcés à y participer. Dans ce contexte, le groupe de marins de la flotte formule une ébauche de plan d’occupation des navires et organise des réunions avec des dirigeants de gauche pour tenter une action qui ferait avorter le coup d’État imminent. Nous avons pu retracer ce plan ainsi que les célèbres réunions avec les dirigeants du PS, du MAPU et du MIR, grâce à plusieurs témoignages de marins et de « civils » présents dans ces réunions. Le chapitre VII décrit la période entre l’arrestation des marins et les semaines qui suivent le coup d’État, décrivant les premières tortures, la difficile situation du gouvernement d’Allende, qui attaque en justice les marins « infiltrés », et le débat politique et juridique suscité par les arrestations et tortures, un des derniers débats démocratiques. Le chapitre VIII expose la poursuite des procès sous la dictature. Parmi les avocats pro deo qui se contentent d’une timide défense pour la forme, nous avons trouvé une défense exceptionnelle des marins sur le plan politique : « le devoir de tout militaire est de défendre le gouvernement légitime », affirme l’avocate Lidia Hogtert, une dame de 75 ans, qui, en 1975, ose défier la justice militaire. En 1988, à la fin de la dictature, lorsque l’ancien secrétaire du MAPU Oscar Garretón se présente devant la justice navale, le cas connaît un nouveau retentissement : après plusieurs condamnations par des tribunaux militaires, Garreton obtient une victoire complète à la Cour Suprême. Il est acquitté de toute accusation pour « sédition et mutinerie ».

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This thesis examines the widely unknown history and origins of Muscatatuck Colony, located in Butlerville, Indiana. The national eugenics movement impacted the United States politically, medically, legally, and socially. While the United States established mental institutions prior to the eugenics movement, many institutions, including ones in Indiana, were founded as eugenic tools to advance the agenda of achieving a “purer” society. Muscatatuck was one such state institution founded during this national movement. I explore various elements that made the national eugenics movement effective, how Indiana helped advance the movement, and how all these elements impacted Muscatatuck’s founding. I investigate the language used to describe people that were considered “mentally inferior,” specifically who the “feeble-minded” were and how Americans were grouped into this category. I research commonly held beliefs by eugenicists of this time-period, eugenic methods implemented, and how these discussions and actions led to the establishment of Muscatatuck in 1920. Muscatatuck Colony, though a byproduct of the national eugenics movement, outlived this scientific effort. Toward the mid and late twentieth century, Muscatatuck leadership executed institutional change to best reflect American society’s evolving thoughts on mental health and how best to treat people with mental disabilities. Muscatatuck Colony reveals a complicated narrative of how best to treat or care for people within these institutions, a complex narrative that many mental institutions share.

When the meritless scrabble for the bauble of deity, they ironically set their human lives at the “pin’s fee” to which Shakespeare’s Hamlet refers. This thesis focuses on these undeserving individuals in premillennial and postmillennial fiction, who seek immortality at the expense of both their humanities, and their natural mortalities. I will analyse an array of popular modern characters, paying particular attention to the precursors of immortal personages. I will inaugurate these analyses with an examination of fan favourite series

Este trabalho tem como objetivo a análise de um conjunto de obras que pertence ao grupo da vertente modernista brasileira, parte da escola carioca e parte da escola paulista. O fator comum entre elas é a independência dos elementos estruturais em relação aos demais que compõem os edifícios. O período delimitado para este estudo começa em 1936 e vai até 1961, de acordo com as datas dos projetos analisados. Como os momentos de consolidação das duas escolas não são coincidentes, o período entre essas datas é o maior, de acordo com o panorama nacional e internacional, que não deve ser considerado isoladamente em relação a cada escola. A Arquitetura Moderna Brasileira, tendo por base os princípios do racionalisma estutural, sob forte influência corbusiana, trilha o caminho de uma produção própria, valendo-se da cultura e tecnologia locais. Utilizando-se os exemplos de Lúcio Costa, Affonso Eduardo Reidy e Vilanova Artigas, de temas diversos, puderam ser analisadas as influências internacionais recebidas e o legado deixado por eles à produção arquitetônica brasileira desde então. Acompanham o texto escrito ilustrações que, além de seu caráter complementar, são imprescindíveis para a compreensão deste trabalho.