O foco do presente Doutorado cinge-se ao tema Biopirataria reflexionando sob a criação de um respectivo tipo penal. Não obstante a ausência de uma conceituação jurídica uníssona sobre Biopirataria parte-se da concepção primordial de um acesso irregular ao Patrimônio Genético e ainda, aos Conhecimentos Tradicionais associados. Não se olvide todavia que, ao lado destes dois grandes nortes, comportamentos outros igualmente conformam a problemática, demandando coibição, ad exemplum, a não repartição dos benefícios, ou ainda, a anormalidade no uso do Patrimônio Genético ou dos Conhecimentos Tradicionais associados, na remessa para o exterior, no transporte e armanezamento do Patrimônio Genético, na divulgação dos Conhecimentos Tradicionais associados e, enfim, variadas condutas contra a Administração da Biodiversidade. Sob uma metodologia monotemática, teórica e científica, investiga-se infindável material bibliográfico para solver assunto contemporâneo e político. A partir de duas premissas, quais sejam, o princípio do menor custo moral que funda eticamente toda a altercação sobre a interação homem e natureza e ainda, o inestimável valor do fato avaliado que justifica a incidência do Direito Penal, alcançou-se a ilação acerca da imprescindibilidade de um concernente tipo penal. Destarte, o deslinde é no sentido de uma incriminação, cujo Bem Jurídico Penal capital sagra-se como sendo a Biodiversidade, perfilhada esta como a diversidade biológica, sem esquecer contudo, de todo um cogente arcabouço tanto jurídico nacional e internacional quanto sócio-econômico para ofertar amparo à resolução desta controvérsia. / The focus of this doctoral thesis is on the subject of Biopiracy and the same time it is a reflection about the establishment of a specific criminal offense. Despite the absence of a unison legal concept on Biopiracy, it starts from the primordial conception of an irregular access to genetic heritage and also to its associated Traditional Knowledge. We should not forget however that, along these two great guidelines, there are other type of behaviors that compound to the problem, which demand restraints, ad exemplum: not sharing the benefits, or even, abnormal use of Genetic Heritage and of its associated Traditional Knowledge in the remittance abroad, in the transport and the storage of Genetic Heritage, in the dissemination of associated traditional knowledge and, finally, in various procedures which are against the administration of Biodiversity. According to the theoretical, scientific and monothematic methodology, we researched endless bibliographic material to settle this contemporary political issue. From two premises, namely, the principle of the lower moral cost on which are based, ethically speaking, all altercation on the interaction between man and nature and also the priceless value of the evaluated fact, which justifies the incidence of criminal law, a conclusion was reached, and it is regarding the indispensability of a relative criminal offense. Thus, the inquiry is regarding criminality, whose capital Legal goods are consecrated as being Biodiversity, endorsed as biodiversity, without forgetting, however, an entire cogent framework both of the national and international judicial branches and of the socio-economic development to offer support to the resolution of this controversy.

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-08-31T20:55:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EricaVanessaCosta.pdf: 804167 bytes, checksum: 466d7d01bab797e944a287fbef22a8af (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-31T20:55:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EricaVanessaCosta.pdf: 804167 bytes, checksum: 466d7d01bab797e944a287fbef22a8af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-16 / This work has as main objective to analyze the MSE in an open environment in São Luis - MA from the perspective of adolescents coming of the year 2013. To this end, key categories of analysis will be developed, such as rights of children and adolescents; young offenders; adolescence; infraction. And from the above analyze the reality that appears on this theme in São Luís - MA in audience the perspective of social and educational activities developed in the Specialized Social Assistance Reference Centers - CREAS. The focus of empirical research will be in the speech of the adolescents interviewed so that you can capture the extent to which the implementation of MSE in an open environment meets the policies of the Child and Adolescent - ECA and the National Socio-Educational System - SINASE, indicators will be used SINASE provided for in order to achieve the proposed objective. / Este trabalho tem por objetivo principal analisar a MSE em meio aberto no município de São Luis – MA sob a ótica dos adolescentes egressos do ano de 2013. Para tanto, serão desenvolvidas categorias chaves de análise, como: direitos das crianças e adolescentes; adolescentes infratores; adolescência; ato infracional. E a partir do exposto analisar a realidade que se apresenta acerca desta temática no município de São Luís – MA na perspectiva do público-alvo das ações socioeducativas desenvolvidas no Centros de Referência Especializado de Assistência Social – CREAS. O foco da pesquisa empírica se dará na fala dos adolescentes entrevistados para que seja possível captar até que ponto a execução da MSE em meio aberto atende as diretivas do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente - ECA e do Sistema Nacional Socioeducativo - SINASE, serão utilizados indicadores previstos no SINASE para que se alcance o objetivo proposto.

A presente pesquisa objetiva identificar a natureza jurídica do instituto do consentimento do ofendido para o direito penal brasileiro atual, evidenciando o papel da vítima. Para tanto, inicia-se a pesquisa com uma análise sobre o ofendido, estabelecendo sua evolução histórica, seu conceito atual, bem como os conceitos de vitimologia e vitimodogmática. Logo, aborda-se o consentimento propriamente dito, determinando seu histórico, seu conceito, seu objeto (bem jurídico disponível), seus requisitos e diferenças em relação à autocolocação da vítima em risco. Em seguida, verifica-se o estado atual da questão da natureza jurídica do consentimento. Parte-se da legislação brasileira e do entendimento doutrinário atual. Em razão da predominância do entendimento pela causa de justificação, os fundamentos histórico dogmáticos do conceito material de antijuridicidade são verificados. Ainda no campo da análise da natureza jurídica, fundamental a análise da questão da tipicidade (formal e substancial) pressuposto da antijuridicidade. Assim, analisa-se o consentimento do ofendido como causa de exclusão da tipicidade material. Tendo em vista a teoria unitária, busca-se afastar a diferenciação entre o consentimento e o acordo. Na sequência, trata-se do direito comparado. Assim, torna-se possível a análise do consentimento do ofendido no direito penal brasileiro, tendo em vista a legislação penal em vigor. / This paper aims to identify the legal institute of the need for the offended persons consent for the current Brazilian criminal law, highlighting the role of the victim. To this effect, the study begins with an analysis of victims rights, establishing their historical evolution, the current concept, as well as the concepts of victimology and victim dogmatism (a branch that studies the behavior of crime victims and their contribution to the occurrence of the event, as well as the repercussion of that participation on setting the penalty imposed on the perpetrator). Then it examines consent itself, determining its history, concept, object (alienable rights), the requirements and differences in relation to the victims self-exposure to risk. Next it describes the current state of the legal nature of the consent question based on Brazilian legislation and the interpretation of legal scholars. Because of the predominant position regarding cause for justification, dogmatic historical foundations of the material concept of material illegality are addressed. Still in the field of the legal nature, it is fundamental to analyze the question of classification of the crime (formal and substantive), which is a presupposition for illegality. Therefore, consent of the offended person is analyzed as cause to exclude the classification of the act as a crime. Based on unitary theory, I argue against the distinction between consent and concurrence. Finally, the matter is examined from the perspective of comparative law, to analyze the issue of victims consent in current Brazilian criminal law.

abstract: This study hypothesizes that prosecutors would be more likely to prosecute juveniles who engage in sexual activity with an underage same-sex partner than those who engage in underage sexual activity with a member of the opposite sex. To test this hypothesis, surveys were mailed to 1,000 prosecutors around the United States with a between subject design, meaning that each participant was only exposed to one condition in the vignette they read. There were a total of four vignettes, creating four conditions of different “offender” sex and “victim” sex in sexually appropriate relationships. The vignettes contain conditions in which either a male or female junior in high school was videotaped having oral sex with either a male or a female freshman in high school. Prosecutors were asked questions about whether they would prosecute the older student for statutory rape. Results indicated that manipulations of “offender” sex and “victim” sex were not statistically significant on prosecutorial discretion or punishment severity/motives; however, these manipulations did alter the prosecutors’ perceptions of the offender. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Criminology and Criminal Justice 2017

O foco do presente Doutorado cinge-se ao tema Biopirataria reflexionando sob a criação de um respectivo tipo penal. Não obstante a ausência de uma conceituação jurídica uníssona sobre Biopirataria parte-se da concepção primordial de um acesso irregular ao Patrimônio Genético e ainda, aos Conhecimentos Tradicionais associados. Não se olvide todavia que, ao lado destes dois grandes nortes, comportamentos outros igualmente conformam a problemática, demandando coibição, ad exemplum, a não repartição dos benefícios, ou ainda, a anormalidade no uso do Patrimônio Genético ou dos Conhecimentos Tradicionais associados, na remessa para o exterior, no transporte e armanezamento do Patrimônio Genético, na divulgação dos Conhecimentos Tradicionais associados e, enfim, variadas condutas contra a Administração da Biodiversidade. Sob uma metodologia monotemática, teórica e científica, investiga-se infindável material bibliográfico para solver assunto contemporâneo e político. A partir de duas premissas, quais sejam, o princípio do menor custo moral que funda eticamente toda a altercação sobre a interação homem e natureza e ainda, o inestimável valor do fato avaliado que justifica a incidência do Direito Penal, alcançou-se a ilação acerca da imprescindibilidade de um concernente tipo penal. Destarte, o deslinde é no sentido de uma incriminação, cujo Bem Jurídico Penal capital sagra-se como sendo a Biodiversidade, perfilhada esta como a diversidade biológica, sem esquecer contudo, de todo um cogente arcabouço tanto jurídico nacional e internacional quanto sócio-econômico para ofertar amparo à resolução desta controvérsia. / The focus of this doctoral thesis is on the subject of Biopiracy and the same time it is a reflection about the establishment of a specific criminal offense. Despite the absence of a unison legal concept on Biopiracy, it starts from the primordial conception of an irregular access to genetic heritage and also to its associated Traditional Knowledge. We should not forget however that, along these two great guidelines, there are other type of behaviors that compound to the problem, which demand restraints, ad exemplum: not sharing the benefits, or even, abnormal use of Genetic Heritage and of its associated Traditional Knowledge in the remittance abroad, in the transport and the storage of Genetic Heritage, in the dissemination of associated traditional knowledge and, finally, in various procedures which are against the administration of Biodiversity. According to the theoretical, scientific and monothematic methodology, we researched endless bibliographic material to settle this contemporary political issue. From two premises, namely, the principle of the lower moral cost on which are based, ethically speaking, all altercation on the interaction between man and nature and also the priceless value of the evaluated fact, which justifies the incidence of criminal law, a conclusion was reached, and it is regarding the indispensability of a relative criminal offense. Thus, the inquiry is regarding criminality, whose capital Legal goods are consecrated as being Biodiversity, endorsed as biodiversity, without forgetting, however, an entire cogent framework both of the national and international judicial branches and of the socio-economic development to offer support to the resolution of this controversy.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-09-02T14:21:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 andrealuciahortaesilva.pdf: 612439 bytes, checksum: 4cc1600c5c6c373148407d68b82a4579 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-09-06T11:55:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 andrealuciahortaesilva.pdf: 612439 bytes, checksum: 4cc1600c5c6c373148407d68b82a4579 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-06T11:55:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 andrealuciahortaesilva.pdf: 612439 bytes, checksum: 4cc1600c5c6c373148407d68b82a4579 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-21 / Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a dinâmica dos atendimentos jurídicos dos conflitos familiares realizados no Núcleo de Prática Jurídica da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora destinado a pessoas de baixa renda. Mais especificamente, importou analisar como o interesse das partes em conflito foi transformado em uma demanda jurídica pelos operadores do Núcleo de Prática Jurídica e como esse processo de transformação foi influenciado pela maneira como os significados de conjugalidade e família foram produzidos nesse contexto, considerando que esses significados orientaram a dinâmica de administração dos conflitos. Em outras palavras, as tomadas de decisões no processo de administração de conflitos familiares no Núcleo de Prática Jurídica estiveram orientadas por uma lógica específica de discursos e práticas que foram analisadas nesse estudo. A pesquisa que orientou essa dissertação foi realizada no período de agosto/2012 a março/2013, nesse ambiente jurídico, através da observação dos atendimentos, entrevistas semiestruturadas e análise de documentos produzidos pelos estudantes. Foram selecionados oito casos observados, mais representativos, para delinear a análise proposta nessa dissertação. A etnografia dos atendimentos demonstrou que o interesse das partes pela procura do atendimento jurídico e pelo ajuizamento das demandas não se restringia à demanda jurídica exposta, mas abarcava uma dimensão afetiva e moral, muitas vezes distinta daquele interesse verbalizado durante o atendimento. Essa constatação apontou para uma desarticulação entre o interesse que moveu a busca do Núcleo pelas partes em conflito e o direito que se queria ver efetivamente reconhecido. / This study aims analyze the dynamic of legal services in family conflicts performed inside of Núcleo Prática Jurídica da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora destined to low-income people. More specifically, matter analyze how the interest of parts in conflict is transformed in a legal demand by operators of Núcleo de Prática Jurídica and how this transformation process is influenced by the way how the meanings of conjugality and family are made in this context, considering that these meanings guide the dynamic of conflict management. In other words, the making decision in the process of management of family conflicts inside the Núcleo de Prática Jurídica are oriented by a specific logic of speeches and practices that are being analyzed in this study. The research that guides this dissertation was performed in the period of august/2012 to march/2013, inside that legal environment, through observation of attendances, semistructured interviews and review of documents made by the students. Were selected eight cases observed most representative to delineate the analysis proposed in this dissertation. The ethnography of the attendances shows that the interest of parts for searching legal attendance and by the insight of the demands was not limited to legal demand exposed, but covered an affective and moral dimension, often distinct of that interests verbalized during the attendance. This finding pointed to a disarticulation between interest that moved the search for Núcleo by the conflict parts and the right that was wanted to see actually recognized.

Jerome Skolnick’s (2011) "symbolic assailant" is a result of police attributing particular demeanor, gestures, language, and a style of dress to people they believed were most likely to commit violent crimes. The challenge became when police applied these characteristics to specific groups such as juveniles. Literature published before and after Skolnick (2011) indicated police were more likely to stop, arrest, interrogate, or surveille juveniles based on their demeanor, gestures, style of dress, lack of respect, deference to authority, the severity, and remorse for their offenses in addition to race. However, current research indicated race, gender, and Socioeconomic Status (SES) determined if police perceived juveniles as the symbolic assailant regardless of offense type. The current research also suggested the symbolic assailant is the foundation for related theories such as racial profiling and the “juvenile offender type-script.” Thus, this dissertation sought to determine if juveniles’ demeanor, gestures, race, gender, and offense type predicted if police perceived them as having characteristics analogous to the symbolic assailant. The researcher conducted a nonexperimental predictive correlational research design analyzing secondary data from Connecticut’s Effective Police Interactions with Youth’s Pretest Survey. The results showed weak to moderate relationships between the predictor and criterion variables such as police believed juveniles’ fidgeting, pacing, and mouthing off as signs of guilt indicated a weak relationship. The strongest predictor was a combination of race and offense type as the patrol officers responded all races and ethnicities were most likely to carry weapons equally in the past 30 days, which differed from the current symbolic assailant and related literature.

The purpose of this study was to analyze how the media constructs sexual offenses. This was concretized into two research questions focusing on examining representations of solutions to sexual offenses as well as representations of perpetrators and victims. The study has a scientifict heoretical starting point in social constructivism and furthermore the used method was critical discourse analysis. A choice was made to review debate articles from two of Sweden’s major evening newspapers; Aftonbladet and Expressen. The articles were analyzed with both a qualitative text analysis and a critical discourse analysis. The data was analyzed with the concepts of transitivity and modality. The results showed that several different solutions were presented in the articles, these formed discourses. The dominating discourses were: “More police officers”, “Stricter legislation”, “Valuation- and normchange”, “Deport foreigners”and “Society’s responsibility to change”. The result showed that sexual offenses sometimes are given less priority compared to homicide and gang-related crimes. The authors pointed out that this could lead to a greater need of police-officers. In some of the articles the authors thought that the legislation regarding sexual offenses was too vague, they wanted a more straight forwarddeportation and harsher punishments. Other articles focused on how sexual offenses are handled and how they become apparent is controlled by society’s norms and values. The authors arguedthat, for example, a patriarchal structure and bad male norms influence this, but also that the school has a responsibility to operate sex education. The result also showed that victims and perpetrators were portrayed differently in the discourses, with for example the use of “men’s violence against women” but also with a gender-neutral approach. In some of the articles neither the object nor the subject of the problem emerged.

Forgiveness is an essential component of relationship growth and healing, with academic, professional, and public interest in research and writing on the topic continually increasing over the past two decades. Indignation is endemic to interpersonal offense, and a key component of the forgiveness process; few, however, have written about the potentially facilitative role that it may play. Disparate conceptualizations of indignation among researchers and therapists may impede therapeutic progress, individually and interpersonally. This study presents a review of social science literature on forgiveness and a new model of the emotional response to offense that positions corrective, protective indignation on a continuum between two contrasting manifestations of destructive anger that reflect distortions in underlying views of self, other, and relationship. The study also includes the results of a statistical analysis of the Indignation and Forgiveness Scale (IFS) administered to a group of relational therapists (N = 98) gauging their professional judgment of the acceptability of indignation as a component of forgiveness as a facilitative emotion in the overall process of forgiveness. Overall, therapists expressed a strong belief in the compatibility of indignation and forgiveness. As a psychometric instrument, the IFS displayed multidimensionality, with items loading onto four subscales. Of the demographic characteristics, only the number of hours therapists' worked per week affected their views on indignation and forgiveness, with greater professional involvement leading to more favorable views of indignation in therapy for infidelity. Professional interest combined with a lack of theoretical and practical literature on these topics indicates that marriage therapists and scholars are prepared for continued research and model development on the role of constructive indignation in forgiveness.

Anger is a significant human emotion, the management of which has far reaching implications for individual and relationship well-being. Yet there is a deficit in the clinical literature regarding the best ways to conceptualize and respond to anger (Saini, 2009). We offer a model of anger which therapists can use to help discriminate healing from harmful manifestations of anger, and which therapists can use in developing interventions for reshaping destructive anger toward constructive anger. We are specifically addressing anger in response to offense, or transactional anger which arises at points of friction in the interface between two people in a relational system. Persons perceiving a self-concept or attachment threat respond to the psychic or relational threat with physiological and emotional arousal. These reactions represent a biological signaling system informing our relationship experience. When offended, our experience of offense interacts with our view of self in relation to other. We propose that a person's view of self in relation to other is how one compares their own self-worth to other; it may be inflated, inadequate, or balanced. Either inflated or inadequate views of self in relation to other produce distinct manifestations of destructive anger. An inflated view of self in relation to other is seen as producing destructive-externalizing anger or anger turned outwards, and an inadequate view of self in relation to other is seen as producing destructive-internalizing anger, or anger turned inward. Both externalizing and internalizing anger are harmful to self (offended), other (perpetrator), and relationship well-being and healing. However, a balanced view of self in relation to other produces constructive anger, which is a healing and helpful indignation that promotes and even catalyzes self, other, and relationship healing and well-being. Use of the model in clinical settings is considered.