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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Viabilidade econômica do cultivo de oliveira na região da Secretaria de Desenvolvimento regional de São Miguel do Oeste-SC / Economic viability of olive growing in region of São Miguel do Oeste, SC, Brazil

Dorigon, Vandecir 27 December 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:44:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_vandecir_dorigon.pdf: 557218 bytes, checksum: d026c32972fbcb04661a6ad1093bdae8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-27 / RACT: The study of viability on cultivation of olive trees has shown that you can get profitability together with sustainability in small farms in seven counties that belong to Department of Regional Development of São Miguel do Oeste, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The olive tree is an alternative to replacement planting of commodities in the region, since it is not economically feasible on a small scale, and characteristic of this region are small farms using family labor. Once the planting of olive trees can be established in areas of protection, without infringing environmental legislation, and increase family income. Data were obtained from literature searches and experiential, was subsequently carried out detailed economic viability study based on cost and yield on 01 hectare of crop. Thus, analyzes that in 10 years of production, olive has accumulated surplus of R$ 172.638,00, approximately 44% more than the tobacco culture. Besides the economic gains are larger in the cultivation of olive compared with tobacco growing, we can also mention the social and environmental gains, difficult to measure, but that can be seen in the quality of life of people who practice healthy habits. / A pesquisa da viabilidade no cultivo da oliveira demonstrou que pode se obter rentabilidade aliada à sustentabilidade nas pequenas propriedades rurais dos sete municípios que pertencem a Secretaria de Desenvolvimento Regional - SDR de São Miguel de Oeste. A oliveira é uma alternativa para substituição do plantio de commodities na região, uma vez que, é economicamente inviável em pequena escala, e a característica dessa região são pequenas propriedades rurais que utilizam mão de obra familiar. Outrora, o plantio da oliveira pode ser estabelecida em áreas de APPs, sem infringir a legislação ambiental, e aumentar a renda familiar. Os dados foram obtidos a partir de pesquisas bibliográficas e vivenciais, posteriormente foi realizado o estudo detalhado da viabilidade baseando-se no custo e rendimento da cultura em 01 hectare de lavoura. Com isso, analisa-se que no horizonte de 10 anos de produção, a oliveira apresenta saldo positivo acumulado de R$ 172.638,00, aproximadamente 44% a mais que a fumicultura. Além dos ganhos econômicos serem maiores no cultivo da oliveira comparando-se com a fumicultura, pode-se mencionar também os ganhos sociais e ambientais, difíceis de serem mensurados, mas que podem ser vistos na qualidade de vida das pessoas que praticam hábitos sadios.
22

Variabilidade genética de acessos de oliveira (olea europaea l.) do banco de germoplasma da Embrapa Clima Temperado –RS: baseada em critérios fisiológicos, morfológicos e moleculares / Genetic variability of olive access (Olea europaea L.) of the Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Temperate Climate - RS: based physiological, morphological and molecular criteria

Santos, Fabiana Fonseca dos 19 May 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Maria Beatriz Vieira (mbeatriz.vieira@gmail.com) on 2017-06-23T12:29:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) tese_fabiana_fonseca_dos_santos.pdf: 3022588 bytes, checksum: 060ec7a7f1d4edb18fdd846563216008 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-06-23T22:08:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) tese_fabiana_fonseca_dos_santos.pdf: 3022588 bytes, checksum: 060ec7a7f1d4edb18fdd846563216008 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-23T22:08:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) tese_fabiana_fonseca_dos_santos.pdf: 3022588 bytes, checksum: 060ec7a7f1d4edb18fdd846563216008 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / As etapas da ontogenia de oliveiras (Olea europaea L.), desde a germinação das sementes, o período de crescimento juvenil e de transição da fase reprodutiva até mesmo o desenvolvimento da inflorescência frutífera, são longas e problemáticas. Desta forma, objetivou-se acelerar o processo germinativo (superando a latência) e de formação de mudas da cultivar Arbequina, além de caracterizar morfológica e molecularmente, acessos de oliveiras do banco ativo de germoplasma da Embrapa Clima Temperado (Pelotas/RS) para gerar informações que possam contribuir em futuros programas de melhoramento genético de oliveira do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para os experimentos de germinação utilizou-se sementes da cv. Arbequina com e sem o endocarpo, as quais foram semeadas em casa de vegetação e sem endocarpo e embrião para cultivo in vitro. As plantas obtidas da germinação in vitro (sementes sem endocarpo), foram transferidas para condição ex vitro e submetidas a diferentes tratamentos com nutrientes para acelerar o seu crescimento. Já as análises moleculares foram baseadas na avaliação de 20 loci SSR, em 72 acessos. Destes 20 loci SSR sete foram utilizados, juntamente com seis caracteres fenotípicos, sendo dois qualitativos e quatro quantitativos, relacionados à folha e à flor, com objetivo de caracterizar a variabilidade genética de 12 importantes cultivares, para verificar seu desenvolvimento. Sumarizou-se três matrizes, de dados morfológicos quantitativos, dados morfológicos qualitativos e uma de dados moleculares, e a partir dessa matriz originou-se o dendrograma. Ainda, foram realizadas análises de parâmetros de variabilidade genética dos dados moleculares. A ‗Arbequina‘ sem endocarpo semeada in vivo obteve baixo potencial germinativo,(8,5% de germinação) já as que foram semeadas em condição in vitro de sementes sem endocarpo e embriões isolados com (42,11% e 55,33% de germinação, respectivamente) e reduziram o tempo da germinação em até cinco vezes (de 90 para 15 dias com embriões). As sementes (sem endocarpo) semeadas in vitro (63% de germinação) para aclimatação em casa de vegetação não requerem nutrientes nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio. O dendograma obtido a partir da matriz de similaridade genética UPGMA, calculada pelo índice de Dice, utilizando os dados dos loci SSR, não foi capaz de distinguir os acessos agrupados por países. A abordagem Bayesiana revelou alta relação genética no germoplasma de olivas da Embrapa Clima Temperado, possivelmente devido a maioria pertencer ao mesmo centro de origem, indicando a coancestralidade das cultivares estudadas. Foi possível a identificação de dois pools, com alta relação com os diferentes grupos que compõem a coleção. O conjunto de marcadores SSR escolhidos apresentaram-se polimórficos, permitindo a caracterização de todos os acessos do Banco ativo de Germoplasma da Embrapa Clima Temperado (Pelotas/RS). O resultado da sumarização das matrizes originou um dendrograma que separou os acessos por origem, sendo os acessos Galega e Penafiel originários de Portugal, Frank e VB2, do Brasil, Canino e Coratina, da Itália, e os restantes B21, Gordales, Gran Vitale e Nelson, todos do Brasil confirmando a hipótese de que estes acessos de germoplasma de oliveiras da Embrapa tem uma base genética comum. Contudo, estes resultados indicam um nível médio de variabilidade morfológica e molecular, análises estas complementares, forneceram uma mais completa compreensão da diversidade disponível nestes acessos da coleção de oliveiras. Os resultados desse estudo servem para caracterizar os acessos de oliveiras da coleção da Embrapa Clima temperado (Pelotas/RS) e serão utilizados para os programas de melhoramento genético de oliveira no Brasil, o qual encontra-se em estágio inicial. / The stages of ontogeny olive (Olea europaea L.), from germinating seeds, juvenile period of growth and reproductive phase transition even the development of fruit inflorescence, are long and problematic. Thus, aimed at speeding up the germination process (overcoming latency) and at seedling cultivar Arbequina, besides characterize morphologically and molecularly the access active bank of olive germplasm from Embrapa Temperate Climate (Pelotas / RS) to generate information that may help in future olive breeding programs in Rio Grande do Sul State. For the germination experiments seeds of cv. Arbequina were used with and without the endocarp, which have been sowed in the greenhouse without cored and embryo to in vitro cultivation. The plants obtained through in vitro germination (seed without the endocarp), were transferred to ex vitro conditions and subjected to different treatments with nutrients in order to accelerate their growth. While the molecular analyzes were based on the evaluation of 20 loci SSR in 72 acesses. From those 20 loci SSR seven loci have been used, along with six phenotypic characters, two qualitative and four quantitative, related to leaf and flower, in order to characterize the genetic variability 12 of important cultivars to check their development. Three arrays have been summarized from quantitative and qualitative morphological, also one from molecular data. Due to this matrix dendrogram has been originated. Furthermore, genetic variability analysis were performed of parameters of molecular data. The 'Arbequina' cored seeded in vivo obtained low germination potential (8.5% germination) however those seeds sowed in vitro condition without cored and isolated embryos (42.11% and 55.33% germination, respectively) moreover reduced the time of germination up to five times (from 90 to 15 days with embryos). The seeds (without the endocarp) in vitro (63% germination) for acclimatization in greenhouse do not require nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The dendrogram obtained from the genetic similarity matrix UPGMA Dice index calculated by using the data of SSR loci has not been able to distinguish the access grouped by country. The Bayesian approach has shown high genetic relation to olive germoplasm of Embrapa Temperate Climate, possibly due to the majority belong to the same center of origin, indicating the co-ancestry of cultivars. It has been possible to identify two pools, with high correlation with to the different groups that make up the collection. The set of SSR markers chosen have shown polymorphic, allowing the characterization of all accesses of Active Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Temperate Climate (Pelotas / RS). The result of summarization of the matrices generated a dendrogram that separated the access by origin, being the Galician and Penafiel access originating from Portugal, Frank and VB2 in Brazil, Canine and Coratina in Italy, and the remaining B21, Gordales, Gran Vitale and Nelson, all in Brazil confirming the hypothesis that these germplasm accesses of Embrapa's olive trees have a common genetic basis. Nevertheless, these results indicate an average level of morphological and molecular variability. Complementary analysis provided a more complete understanding of the diversity available in these accesses of the collection of olives. The results of this study serve to characterize the access of olive collection of Embrapa Temperate (Pelotas / RS) and will be used for breeding programs of olive in Brazil, which is at an early stage.
23

Plant Population Dynamics of <i>Dodonaea angustifolia</i> and <i>Olea europaea</i> ssp. <i>cuspidata</i> in Dry Afromontane Forests of Ethiopia

Bekele, Tesfaye January 2000 (has links)
<p>Human disturbance has led to excessive deforestation and to a very limited forest cover in the Afromontane zone of Ethiopia, which forms a large part of the country. Thus urgent conservation measures are required to ameliorate the situation. Understanding the natural regeneration processes and the dynamics of plant populations of tree and shrub species has a practical application in the restoration of these habitats. </p><p>The present study focuses on the population dynamics and regeneration of an early successional shrub <i>Dodonaea angustifolia</i> and a late successional tree <i>Olea europaea</i> ssp. <i>cuspidata </i>in southern Wello, Ethiopia. Population structure and dynamics, regeneration and seed banks in dry Afromontane habitats were considered. </p><p>For both species, three population structure patterns were identified: 1) high density, reversed J-shape structure with many seedlings and few large individuals, 2) lower density, unimodal structure with higher proportions of plants of intermidiate size, 3) high density with higher proportions of large plants , in some cases bimodal with small and large individuals. Vegetation type and protection time were found to have a significant effect on the population structure of both species. <i>Dodonaea</i> can establish itself on degraded land, once the disturbance has ceased</p><p>Projection matrix analysis on observations from permanent plots in <i>Dodonaea</i> populations in protected and unprotected sites resulted in one declining population, and one increasing in the protected site and declining populations at the unprotected site. The overall projected growth rate in <i>Dodonaea</i> calculated from a pooled matrix indicated positive population growth. The factors influencing the population growth, recruitment and survival are discussed.</p><p>The persistence of <i>Olea </i>populations seems to depend on the more stable environmental conditions in later successional stages of forest vegetation. There are possibilities of natural regeneration of <i>Olea</i> if regenerating individuals still occur in the area. Rainfall seasonality is a dominant factor in regulating establishment, recruitment, survival and growth, particularly during the seedling stage. Moreover, shade and herbivory are factors that need consideration. Since <i>Olea</i> grows better under shade than in the open sun, successful regeneration for this species relies on shade from other plants and on protection from grazing, at least during the seedling stage.</p><p>Most of the species that germinated from the seed banks were herbs and grasses with very few shrub and tree species. There was low correspondence between species composition of the seed banks and that of the standing vegetation. </p><p>Spatial and temporal variation in demographic parameters among populations of <i>Dodonaea</i> and <i>Olea </i>can be attributed to human and environmental influence. Under protection, both <i>Dodonaea</i> and <i>Olea</i> seem to have a possibility to regenerate naturally. Further research should consider factors mentioned in detailed investigations of other dominant Afromontane forest species.</p>
24

Plant Population Dynamics of Dodonaea angustifolia and Olea europaea ssp. cuspidata in Dry Afromontane Forests of Ethiopia

Bekele, Tesfaye January 2000 (has links)
Human disturbance has led to excessive deforestation and to a very limited forest cover in the Afromontane zone of Ethiopia, which forms a large part of the country. Thus urgent conservation measures are required to ameliorate the situation. Understanding the natural regeneration processes and the dynamics of plant populations of tree and shrub species has a practical application in the restoration of these habitats. The present study focuses on the population dynamics and regeneration of an early successional shrub Dodonaea angustifolia and a late successional tree Olea europaea ssp. cuspidata in southern Wello, Ethiopia. Population structure and dynamics, regeneration and seed banks in dry Afromontane habitats were considered. For both species, three population structure patterns were identified: 1) high density, reversed J-shape structure with many seedlings and few large individuals, 2) lower density, unimodal structure with higher proportions of plants of intermidiate size, 3) high density with higher proportions of large plants , in some cases bimodal with small and large individuals. Vegetation type and protection time were found to have a significant effect on the population structure of both species. Dodonaea can establish itself on degraded land, once the disturbance has ceased Projection matrix analysis on observations from permanent plots in Dodonaea populations in protected and unprotected sites resulted in one declining population, and one increasing in the protected site and declining populations at the unprotected site. The overall projected growth rate in Dodonaea calculated from a pooled matrix indicated positive population growth. The factors influencing the population growth, recruitment and survival are discussed. The persistence of Olea populations seems to depend on the more stable environmental conditions in later successional stages of forest vegetation. There are possibilities of natural regeneration of Olea if regenerating individuals still occur in the area. Rainfall seasonality is a dominant factor in regulating establishment, recruitment, survival and growth, particularly during the seedling stage. Moreover, shade and herbivory are factors that need consideration. Since Olea grows better under shade than in the open sun, successful regeneration for this species relies on shade from other plants and on protection from grazing, at least during the seedling stage. Most of the species that germinated from the seed banks were herbs and grasses with very few shrub and tree species. There was low correspondence between species composition of the seed banks and that of the standing vegetation. Spatial and temporal variation in demographic parameters among populations of Dodonaea and Olea can be attributed to human and environmental influence. Under protection, both Dodonaea and Olea seem to have a possibility to regenerate naturally. Further research should consider factors mentioned in detailed investigations of other dominant Afromontane forest species.
25

Perfil metabolômico de folhas de cultivares de oliveiras nas diferentes estações do ano / Metabolomic profile of olive cultivars leaves in the different seasons of the year.

Lorini, Alexandre 26 February 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Gabriela Lopes (gmachadolopesufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-08-13T20:01:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Alexandre Lorini - 2018.pdf: 1136141 bytes, checksum: 0d50b075e75dc60fbcb1b924ffca00c9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-08-16T20:04:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Alexandre Lorini - 2018.pdf: 1136141 bytes, checksum: 0d50b075e75dc60fbcb1b924ffca00c9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T20:04:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Alexandre Lorini - 2018.pdf: 1136141 bytes, checksum: 0d50b075e75dc60fbcb1b924ffca00c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Considerada uma cultura milenar, a oliveira (Olea europaea L.) possui além de seu fruto, as folhas, que contêm quantidades apreciáveis de compostos bioativos, os quais estão relacionados com o sistema de defesa das plantas e com diversas ações no organismo humano. Os estresses abióticos funcionam como mecanismos de ativação das rotas de sínteses destes compostos, devido ao aumento do nível oxidativo nas plantas pela produção de radicais livres. Comumente cultivada na região do mediterrâneo, diversos programas de melhoramento foram responsáveis pela modificação e criação de novas cultivares de oliveira, para que estas pudessem ser cultivadas em toda a parte do mundo. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o perfil metabólico de folhas de cultivares de oliveira (Arbequina, Manzanilla e Picual) coletadas em nas diferentes estações do ano (outono, inverno, primavera e verão) em Pinheiro Machado/RS durante 2016/17. Foram realizadas por espectrofotometria a determinação de compostos fenólicos, flavonoides, taninos, carotenoides e clorofilas, enquanto que a identificação e quantificação de fenólicos individuais, foi realizada por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada a espectrometria de massas. Também foram realizados ensaios de potencial antioxidante pelos métodos de DPPH, FRAP e ABTS. Como resultados foi possível observar que as folhas da cultivar Manzanilla apresentaram os maiores teores de compostos fenólicos e que as folhas coletadas no verão apresentaram uma quantidade desses compostos significativamente maior que as coletadas nas outras estações. Consequentemente, os potenciais antioxidantes dos extratos polares destas folhas apresentaram alta correlação com estes compostos, sendo observado maiores potenciais nos mesmos tratamentos em que o conteúdo de compostos fenólicos se sobressaiu. Compostos polares e apolares se comportaram de maneira diferente, gerando questionamentos sobre como as vias de síntese destes compostos interagem ou se são independentes. A relação entre a finalidade da cultivar (produção de azeite ou azeitonas de mesa) e os compostos bioativos nas folhas ainda precisa ser melhor estudada, devido aos maiores níveis de compostos fenólicos e taninos hidrolisáveis encontrados na Manzanilla neste trabalho. Por fim, foi possível concluir que a cultivar e a época de coleta possuem relação significativa com o perfil metabólico de folhas de oliveira. / Considered a millenary culture, the olive tree (Olea europaea L.) has besides its fruit, the leaves, which contain appreciable amounts of bioactive compounds, which are related to the system of defense of plants and with various actions in the human organism. The abiotic stresses act as mechanisms of activation of the routes of synthesis of these compounds, due to the increase of the oxidative level in the plants by the production of free radicals. Commonly cultivated in the Mediterranean region, several breeding programs were responsible for the modification and creation of new olive cultivars, so that they could be cultivated throughout the world. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the metabolic profile of leaves of olive cultivars (Arbequina, Manzanilla and Picual) collected in the different seasons of the year (autumn, winter, spring and summer) in Pinheiro Machado / RS during 2016/17. The determination of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, carotenoids and chlorophylls were performed by spectrophotometry, while the identification and quantification of individual phenolics was performed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Antioxidant potential tests were also carried out using DPPH, FRAP and ABTS methods. As results it was possible to observe that the leaves of the cultivar Manzanilla presented the highest contents of phenolic compounds and that the leaves collected in the summer presented a quantity of these compounds significantly higher than those collected in the other seasons. Consequently, the potential antioxidants of the polar extracts of these leaves showed high correlation with these compounds, being observed greater potentials in the same treatments in which the content of phenolic compounds excelled. Polar and nonpolar compounds behaved differently, raising questions about how the synthesis pathways of these compounds interact or whether they are independent. The relationship between the purpose of the cultivar (oil production or table olives) and the bioactive compounds in leaves still needs to be better studied, due to the higher levels of phenolic compounds and hydrolysable tannins found in Manzanilla in this work. Finally, it was possible to conclude that the cultivar and the collection season have a significant relationship with the metabolic profile of olive leaves.
26

Período de floração e viabilidade do pólen das cultivares de oliveira Arbequina e Koroneiki, em Bagé/RS. / Bloom period and pollen viability on the olive cultivars Arbequina and Koroneiki.

Cappellaro, Thais Helena 26 March 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:22:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Thais_Cappellaro.pdf: 4211704 bytes, checksum: d61c0d95003eba8753dc50509ea70b01 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-26 / The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is a member of the Oleaceae family which includes about 35 species of the genera Olea. All native and cultivated olive trees belong to the Olea europaea species. Researches with olive trees have recently been restarted in Brazil, and that is why there are little informations about this crop in this country. For this reason, it is important to develop studies about bloom period and pollen viability on olive cultivars such as Arbequina and Koroneiki. The objectives for this study were: to define the blooming period; to compare methods for pollen viability evaluation; to evaluate the effects of boric acid added to the medium on pollen germination; and to evaluate the viability of 12 months cold stored pollen, for these two cultivars. The data of bloom period for the two cultivars were obtained from 5 year-old trees grown in an orchard located in Bagé-RS, through observations made during the blooming period in the years of 2008 and 2009. Pollen viability of these two cultivars, were evaluated through three experiments in a laboratory. The first experiment were compared three methods of pollen viability evaluation: colorimetric method; in vitro germination; and in vivo germination. The variable was the pollen viability expressed as percentage (colorimetric, identified only by staining of pollen in vitro and in vivo, the percentage of pollen germinated). The second experiment were compared the effects on pollen germination of boric acid concentrations (0; 25; 50; 75; 100; or 125 mg.L-1) added to the germination medium containing agar 1% plus sucrose 15%. In a third experiment, pollens of both cultivars placed inside desiccators containing silica-gel and kept at -16°C for 12 months, were evaluated on their germination viability. It was observed that: In 2008, both cultivars started bloom on October 16th, and end of blooming on November 11th, while in 2009 the starting of bloom was on October 20th and the end of blooming on November 3rd for both cultivars. Therefore the blooming period was shorter in 2009 (21 days) as compared to that of 2008 (27 days); the colorimetric method make possible to identify highest percentages of viable pollen grains, however this method may overestimate pollen viability; the addition of boric acid to the media do not affect pollen germination; and pollen of both cultivars decreased their viability when stored in desiccators at -16°C during 12 months. / A oliveira (Olea europaea L.) pertence à família Oleaceae, a qual é composta por cerca de 35 espécies do gênero Olea. Todas as oliveiras cultivadas e as silvestres são da espécie europaea. No Brasil, há pouca pesquisa em realização, a qual foi praticamente interrompida nos últimos 30 anos. Somente nesta última década, a pesquisa com oliveiras foi reiniciada. Portanto, as informações técnicas obtidas em condições nacionais são quase inexistentes. Assim, é importante a realização de pesquisas para obtenção de conhecimentos quanto aos principais aspectos técnicos que abrangem sistemas de produção. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos determinar o período de floração e a viabilidade do pólen das cultivares de oliveira Arbequina e Koroneiki , em Bagé/RS, nos anos de 2008 e 2009. As avaliações do período de floração foram realizadas entre os meses de setembro a novembro. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, sendo utilizado quatro repetições (planta). Em cada planta foram selecionados cerca de 200 rácimos florais por quadrante imaginário (Leste, Oeste, Norte e Sul), totalizando aproximadamente 800 rácimos/planta. Nos ramos e rácimos florais, identificou-se o estádio fenológico de cada estrutura vegetativa ou reprodutiva, utilizando a metodologia adaptada por Fernández- Escobar e Rallo (1981), na qual são definidos, resumidamente: a) repouso invernal (dormente); b) começo da brotação; c) formação dos rácimos florais; d) inchamento dos botões florais; e) diferenciação das corolas; f) início da floração; f1) plena floração; g) queda das pétalas; h) formação dos frutos. Para avaliar a viabilidade do pólen conduziram-se três experimentos em Laboratório, nos anos de 2008 e 2009. O primeiro experimento constou de diferentes testes de viabilidade do pólen (colorimétrico, germinação in vitro e germinação in vivo). A variável avaliada foi à viabilidade do pólen expressa em porcentagem (teste colorimétrico, identificada somente pela coloração do pólen; testes in vitro e in vivo, pela percentagem de pólen germinado). O segundo experimento foi composto de diferentes concentrações de ácido bórico (0, 25, 50, 75,100 e 125 mg.L-1) adicionadas a meios de culturas compostos por 1% de ágar e 15% de sacarose. A variável avaliada foi viabilidade do pólen caracterizada pela porcentagem de pólen germinado. O terceiro experimento comparou a viabilidade de polens armazenados durante 12 meses em dessecadores com sílica-gel com polens frescos (coletado e colocado para germinar após a deiscência das anteras). A variável avaliada foi viabilidade do pólen caracterizada pela ii porcentagem de pólen germinado. Segundo a metodologia utilizada, a floração das oliveiras Arbequina e Koroneiki , em 2008 e 2009, teve início nos dias 16 e 20 de outubro e término nos dias 11 e 09 de novembro. O período de floração para as duas cultivares, nos anos de 2008 e 2009 foi idêntico, sendo 27 e 15 dias, respectivamente. O método colorimétrico superestima o percentual de polens viáveis em oliveiras Arbequina e Koroneiki . O uso de ácido bórico no meio de cultura não influencia na germinação in vitro de pólen de cultivares de oliveira Arbequina e Koroneiki. Polens de oliveiras Arbequina e Koroneiki , armazenados a -16°C em dessecador com sílica-gel, durante doze meses, diminuem a porcentagem de viabilidade em ambas as cultivares. A oliveira (Olea europaea L.) pertence à família Oleaceae, a qual é composta por cerca de 35 espécies do gênero Olea. Todas as oliveiras cultivadas e as silvestres são da espécie europaea. No Brasil, há pouca pesquisa em realização, a qual foi praticamente interrompida nos últimos 30 anos. Somente nesta última década, a pesquisa com oliveiras foi reiniciada. Portanto, as informações técnicas obtidas em condições nacionais são quase inexistentes. Assim, é importante a realização de pesquisas para obtenção de conhecimentos quanto aos principais aspectos técnicos que abrangem sistemas de produção. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos determinar o período de floração e a viabilidade do pólen das cultivares de oliveira Arbequina e Koroneiki , em Bagé/RS, nos anos de 2008 e 2009. As avaliações do período de floração foram realizadas entre os meses de setembro a novembro. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, sendo utilizado quatro repetições (planta). Em cada planta foram selecionados cerca de 200 rácimos florais por quadrante imaginário (Leste, Oeste, Norte e Sul), totalizando aproximadamente 800 rácimos/planta. Nos ramos e rácimos florais, identificou-se o estádio fenológico de cada estrutura vegetativa ou reprodutiva, utilizando a metodologia adaptada por Fernández- Escobar e Rallo (1981), na qual são definidos, resumidamente: a) repouso invernal (dormente); b) começo da brotação; c) formação dos rácimos florais; d) inchamento dos botões florais; e) diferenciação das corolas; f) início da floração; f1) plena floração; g) queda das pétalas; h) formação dos frutos. Para avaliar a viabilidade do pólen conduziram-se três experimentos em Laboratório, nos anos de 2008 e 2009. O primeiro experimento constou de diferentes testes de viabilidade do pólen (colorimétrico, germinação in vitro e germinação in vivo). A variável avaliada foi à viabilidade do pólen expressa em porcentagem (teste colorimétrico, identificada somente pela coloração do pólen; testes in vitro e in vivo, pela percentagem de pólen germinado). O segundo experimento foi composto de diferentes concentrações de ácido bórico (0, 25, 50, 75,100 e 125 mg.L-1) adicionadas a meios de culturas compostos por 1% de ágar e 15% de sacarose. A variável avaliada foi viabilidade do pólen caracterizada pela porcentagem de pólen germinado. O terceiro experimento comparou a viabilidade de polens armazenados durante 12 meses em dessecadores com sílica-gel com polens frescos (coletado e colocado para germinar após a deiscência das anteras). A variável avaliada foi viabilidade do pólen caracterizada pela ii porcentagem de pólen germinado. Segundo a metodologia utilizada, a floração das oliveiras Arbequina e Koroneiki , em 2008 e 2009, teve início nos dias 16 e 20 de outubro e término nos dias 11 e 09 de novembro. O período de floração para as duas cultivares, nos anos de 2008 e 2009 foi idêntico, sendo 27 e 15 dias, respectivamente. O método colorimétrico superestima o percentual de polens viáveis em oliveiras Arbequina e Koroneiki . O uso de ácido bórico no meio de cultura não influencia na germinação in vitro de pólen de cultivares de oliveira Arbequina e Koroneiki. Polens de oliveiras Arbequina e Koroneiki , armazenados a -16°C em dessecador com sílica-gel, durante doze meses, diminuem a porcentagem de viabilidade em ambas as cultivares.
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Contribution de la RMN 13C à l’analyse des huiles végétales, huiles essentielles et résines (Olea europaea, Pinus halepensis et Cedrus atlantica) / Contribution of the 13C NMR analysis of vegetable oils, essential oils and resins (Olea europaea, Pinus halepensis and Cedrus atlantica)

Nam, Anne-Marie 21 March 2014 (has links)
Les produits issus de la biomasse végétale connaissent depuis quelques années un succès grandissant dans de nombreuses industries (aromathérapie, cosmétique, parfums, etc.). L’objectif de notre étude était, d’une part de contribuer au développement des méthodes d’identification et de quantification des constituants des mélanges naturels par RMN 13C et RMN 1H (par exemple le squalène dans l’huile d’olive), et d’autre part, de contribuer à la caractérisation chimique de deux conifères introduits en Corse, le pin d’Alep (huile essentielle) et le cèdre de l’Atlas (huile essentielle, huile pyrolytique et résine).La première partie concerne la quantification du squalène présent dans l’huile d’olive. En effet, ce triterpène linéaire participe à la stabilité oxydative de l’huile d’olive et joue un rôle important dans la réduction des risques de certains cancers. Il s’agissait de mettre au point un protocole expérimental basé sur la RMN 1H ou 13C en utilisant un appareil de routine (9,4 Tesla). La quantification par RMN 13C s’est avérée fiable et elle a été appliquée à la quantification du squalène dans 25 échantillons d’huile d’olive de Corse.La seconde partie de nos travaux concerne la caractérisation chimique de l’huile essentielle de pin d’Alep introduit dans trois stations de Corse (Capo di Feno, Saleccia et Tre Padule de Suartone). L’analyse détaillée de l’huile essentielle de cônes, par combinaison des techniques chromatographiques et spectroscopiques, a permis d’identifier 48 composés. La composition chimique est largement dominée par les monoterpènes (Alpha-pinène et myrcène) et un sesquiterpène oléfinique ((E)-Béta-caryophyllène). La RMN 13C a permis d’identifier divers diterpènes, dont le 8,12-époxy-14-labdèn-13-ol. Ce composé est décrit pour la première fois dans l’huile essentielle de pin d’Alep. L’analyse de 15 échantillons d’huile essentielle de cônes a mis en évidence trois types de compositions : Alpha-pinène ; myrcène ; Alpha-pinène/myrcène. Enfin, l’analyse de 47 échantillons d’huile essentielle d’aiguilles, associée à un traitement statistique des données (ACP, AFD), a permis de mettre en évidence une variabilité chimique intraspécifique. Ainsi, les échantillons se répartissent en trois groupes selon leur teneur en (E)-Béta-caryophyllène (groupe I), en E-Béta-caryophyllène/Alpha-pinène/myrcène (groupe II) et en myrcène (groupe III).La dernière partie a été consacrée à l’étude de Cedrus atlantica. L’analyse détaillée d’une huile essentielle commerciale (du Maroc) a permis d’identifier 20 constituants, les composés majoritaires sont les Alpha-, Béta- et Gamma-himachalène. Par ailleurs, 7 composés absents de notre bibliothèque de données spectrales ont été identifiés par RMN 13C. Les compositions chimiques des huiles pyrolytiques artisanales du Maroc sont également dominées par les himachalènes et la (E)-Alpha-atlantone. Enfin, nous avons réalisé l’analyse qualitative et quantitative par RMN 13C, sans séparation préalable, de 28 échantillons de résine de C. atlantica récoltés dans les 5 forêts de Corse référencées par l’ONF (Bavella, Bonifato, Ospedale, Pineta et Vizzavona). A côté des acides résiniques, nous avons également identifié 3 lignanes (pinorésinol, laricirésinol et 9-acétate de laricirésinol). Pour l’ensemble de ces composés, nous avons mis en évidence trois types chimiques. Enfin, nous avons mis au point et validé un protocole expérimental de quantification des lignanes par RMN 1H. / Natural products isolated from plants acquired, in recent years, a growing success in many industries (aromatherapy, cosmetic, perfumes). The objective of our study was to contribute, on the one hand, to the development of methods involving 13C and 1H NMR for the identification and quantification of the components of natural mixtures, and on the other hand, to the chemical characterization of two conifers brought to Corsica, Aleppo pine (essential oil) and atlas cedar (essential oil, pyrolysis oil and resins).The first part concerned the quantification of squalene present in olive oil. Indeed, linear triterpene participated in the oxidative stability of olive oil and play an important role by decreasing some kind of cancers risks. It’s deal with to elaborate an experimental part based on NMR 1H and 13C by using routine apparatus (9.4 Tesla). Quantification by NMR 13C is reliable and have been applied to squalene quantification in 25 samples of Corsican olive oil.The second part of our work concerned the chemical characterization of the essential oil of Aleppo pine brought to Corsica in three different stations (Capo di Feno, Saleccia and Tre Padule de Suartone). A detailed analysis of cone essential oil, using the combination of chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, leads to the identification of 48 compounds. Chemical composition is extensively dominated by monoterpens (Alpha-pinene and myrcene) and one olefinic sesquiterpen ((E)-Béta-caryophyllene). 13C NMR allowed to the identification of various diterpens, particularly the 8,12-epoxy-14-labden-13-ol. This compound is described for the first time in aleppo pine essential oil. Fifteen samples of cone essential oil were analysed allowing differentiating three kinds of compositions: Alpha-pinene; myrcene; Alpha-pinene/myrcene. Finally, analysis of 47 samples of needles essential oil, associated with statistical treatment of the results (PCA and PFA), suggested the occurrence of an intraspecific chemical variability. Samples are divided into three groups, based on their high contents in (E)-Béta-caryophyllene (groupe I), in (E)-Béta-caryophyllene/Alpha-pinene/myrcene (groupe II) and in myrcene (groupe III).The last part concerned the study of Cedrus atlantica. A detailed analysis of commercial essential oil leads to the identification of 20 constituents. Main compounds are Alpha-, Béta- and Gamma-himachalene. Moreover, seven compounds, not yet referenced in our home-made NMR spectral data library, were identified by NMR 13C. Chemical compositions of handwork pyrolysis oils from Morocco were also dominated by the himachalene’s and (E)--atlantone. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of 28 samples of Cedrus atlantica resins, obtained from the five Corsican forests referenced by the Office National des Forêts of Corsica (Bavella, Bonifato, Ospedale, Pineta and Vizzavona) have been done, without any step of chromatography. Beside resinic acids, we have been identified three lignans (pinoresinol, lariciresinol and lariciresinol-9-acetate). Qualitative and quantitative analysis of these compounds, leads to the occurrence of three types of chemical composition. Finally, we have developed and validated a method for quantification of lignans by 1H NMR.
28

Contribution de la RMN 13C à l'analyse des huiles végétales, huiles essentielles et résines (Olea europaea, Pinus halepensis et Cedrus atlantica)

Nam, A.-M. 21 March 2014 (has links) (PDF)
Les produits issus de la biomasse végétale connaissent depuis quelques années un succès grandissant dans de nombreuses industries (aromathérapie, cosmétique, parfums, etc.). L'objectif de notre étude était, d'une part de contribuer au développement des méthodes d'identification et de quantification des constituants des mélanges naturels par RMN 13C et RMN 1H (par exemple le squalène dans l'huile d'olive), et d'autre part, de contribuer à la caractérisation chimique de deux conifères introduits en Corse, le pin d'Alep (huile essentielle) et le cèdre de l'Atlas (huile essentielle, huile pyrolytique et résine). La première partie concerne la quantification du squalène présent dans l'huile d'olive. En effet, ce triterpène linéaire participe à la stabilité oxydative de l'huile d'olive et joue un rôle important dans la réduction des risques de certains cancers. Il s'agissait de mettre au point un protocole expérimental basé sur la RMN 1H ou 13C en utilisant un appareil de routine (9,4 Tesla). La quantification par RMN 13C s'est avérée fiable et elle a été appliquée à la quantification du squalène dans 25 échantillons d'huile d'olive de Corse. La seconde partie de nos travaux concerne la caractérisation chimique de l'huile essentielle de pin d'Alep introduit dans trois stations de Corse (Capo di Feno, Saleccia et Tre Padule de Suartone). L'analyse détaillée de l'huile essentielle de cônes, par combinaison des techniques chromatographiques et spectroscopiques, a permis d'identifier 48 composés. La composition chimique est largement dominée par les monoterpènes (a-pinène et myrcène) et un sesquiterpène oléfinique ((E)-a-caryophyllène). La RMN 13C a permis d'identifier divers diterpènes, dont le 8,12-époxy-14-labdèn-13-ol. Ce composé est décrit pour la première fois dans l'huile essentielle de pin d'Alep. L'analyse de 15 échantillons d'huile essentielle de cônes a mis en évidence trois types de compositions : a-pinène ; myrcène ; a-pinène/myrcène. Enfin, l'analyse de 47 échantillons d'huile essentielle d'aiguilles, associée à un traitement statistique des données (ACP, AFD), a permis de mettre en évidence une variabilité chimique intraspécifique. Ainsi, les échantillons se répartissent en trois groupes selon leur teneur en (E)-a-caryophyllène (groupe I), en E-a-caryophyllène/a-pinène/myrcène (groupe II) et en myrcène (groupe III). La dernière partie a été consacrée à l'étude de Cedrus atlantica. L'analyse détaillée d'une huile essentielle commerciale (du Maroc) a permis d'identifier 20 constituants, les composés majoritaires sont les b-, a- et g-himachalène. Par ailleurs, 7 composés absents de notre bibliothèque de données spectrales ont été identifiés par RMN 13C. Les compositions chimiques des huiles pyrolytiques artisanales du Maroc sont également dominées par les himachalènes et la (E)-a-atlantone. Enfin, nous avons réalisé l'analyse qualitative et quantitative par RMN 13C, sans séparation préalable, de 28 échantillons de résine de C. atlantica récoltés dans les 5 forêts de Corse référencées par l'ONF (Bavella, Bonifato, Ospedale, Pineta et Vizzavona). A côté des acides résiniques, nous avons également identifié 3 lignanes (pinorésinol, laricirésinol et 9-acétate de laricirésinol). Pour l'ensemble de ces composés, nous avons mis en évidence trois types chimiques. Enfin, nous avons mis au point et validé un protocole expérimental de quantification des lignanes par RMN 1H. Discipline : Chimie organique et analytique Mots clés : Analyse des mélanges complexes naturels ; Huiles essentielles ; Huiles pyrolytiques ; Huiles d'olives ; Oléorésines ; RMN 13C ; RMN 1H ; Squalène ; Lignanes ; Olea europaea ; Pinus halepensis ; Cedrus atlantica
29

Impact of climate change-induced drought on tree root hydraulic properties and competition belowground / Einfluss von Bodentrockenheit auf die hydraulischen Eigenschaften und das Konkurrenzverhalten von Baumwurzeln

Rewald, Boris 30 April 2008 (has links)
No description available.
30

Inducción del desarrollo de raíces y mejora de la producción en olivo (Olea europaea L)

Hernández Hernández, Gilberto Juan 27 January 2025 (has links)
[ES] El cultivo del olivo es uno de los más representativos de la agricultura mediterránea, tanto por tradición, como por superficie y producción. Pese a ello vive una evolución continua en cuanto al diseño agronómico y las técnicas de cultivo, siendo cada vez mayor el número de explotaciones que se encuentran en formato intensivo o súper-intensivo, estrechando marcos de plantación, proporcionando riego y fertilización a la planta y mecanizando técnicas de cultivo como la poda y la recolección, todo ello con el objetivo de reducir los costes de las explotaciones y obtener mayores rendimientos, mejorando la calidad. Con este trabajo se ha estudiado la mejora en la producción y la calidad de los aceites obtenidos de la misma haciendo uso de una fertilización basada en productos bioestimulantes, los cuales proporcionan a las plantas los nutrientes necesarios para su adecuado desarrollo a partir de compuestos más respetuosos con el medio ambiente, consiguiendo con ello satisfacer las cada vez más estrictas exigencias de los consumidores que además de demandar un producto de alta calidad organoléptica, precisan que éste haya sido cultivado y elaborado de la forma más natural posible. Por otro lado, también se estudió el efecto de productos estimulantes de la raíz en planta de vivero, consiguiéndose de este modo evaluar si se consigue acelerar el desarrollo de las mismas con el fin de acortar plazos en vivero y una mejor adaptación al medio. Para estudiar estos parámetros se han desarrollado cuatro ensayos diferentes. En el primero se ha estudiado la influencia de los bioestimulantes en planta de vivero, con el segundo se estudió la influencia de los bioestimulantes en un cultivo en condiciones de campo, en el tercer ensayo se ha evaluado la influencia del empleo de bioestimulantes en los parámetros de calidad en un olivar intensivo comparando dos cultivares diferentes y con el cuarto ensayo se realizó la caracterización colorimétrica de los aceites obtenidos de los principales cultivares en estudio. De forma general con esta tesis se ha demostrado que se puede producir de forma más respetuosa mediante el uso de bioestimulantes, mejorando los niveles de producción y manteniendo la calidad de los aceites obtenidos, tanto organoléptica como colorimétricamente. / [CA] El cultiu de l'olivera és un dels més representatius de l'agricultura mediterrània, tant per tradició com per superficie i producción. Tot i això viu una evolució contínua en quan al disseny agronòmic i les tècniques de cultiu, essent cada vegada més gran el nombre d'explotacions que es troben en format intensiu o súper-intensiu, estrenyent marcs de plantació, proporcionant reg i fertilització a la planta, a la vegada que mecaniza les técniques de cultiu com pot ser la poda i la recol·lecció, tot això, amb l'objectiu de reduir els costos de les explotacions i obtener més rendiments, millorant la qualitat. Mitjançant aquest treball s'ha estudiat la millora en la producció i la qualitat dels olis obtinguts fent ús d'una fertilizació basada en productes bioestimulants, els quals proporcionen a les plantes els nutrients necessaris per al seu adequat desenvolupament a partir de compostos més respectuosos amb el medi ambient, aconseguint amb això satisfer-les cada vegada més estrictes exigències dels consumidors que a més de demandar un producte d'alta qualitat organoléptica, necessiten que aquest hagi estat cultivat i elaborat de la manera més natural posible. D'altra banda, també es va estudiar l'efecte de productes estimulants de l'arrel en planta de viver, aconseguint així avaluar si s'aconseguix acelerar-ne el desenvolupament per tal d'escurçar terminis en viver i una millor adaptació al medi. Per estudiar aquest paràmetres, s'ha desenvolupat quatre assajos diferents. Al primer s'ha estudiat la influencia dels bioestimulants en planta de viver, amb el segon es va estudiar la influencia dels bioestimulants en un cultiu en condicions de camp, al tercer assaig s'ha avaluat la influencia de l'ùs de bioestimulants als paràmetres de qualitat en un oliverar intensiu comparant dos cultivars diferents i amb el quart assaig es va realizar la caracterització colorimétrica dels olis obtinguts dels principals cultivars en estudi. De forma general, amb aquesta tesi s'ha demostrat que es pot produir de manera més respectuosa mitjançant l'ús de bioestimulants, millorant els nivells de producción i mantenint la qualitat dels olis obtinguts, tant organolèpticament com colorimètricament. / [EN] The cultivation of the olive tree is one of the most representative of Mediterranean agriculture, both in terms of tradition, surface area and production. Despite this, there is a continuous evolution in terms of agronomic design and cultivation techniques, with an increasing number of farms that are in intensive or super-intensive format, narrowing plantation frameworks, providing irrigation and fertilization to the plant and mechanizing cultivation techniques such as pruning and harvesting, all with the aim of reducing farm costs and obtaining higher yields, improving quality. With this work, the improvement in the production and quality of the oils obtained from it has been studied using fertilization based on biostimulant products, which provide the plants with the necessary nutrients for their proper development from more respectful compounds with the environment, thereby managing to satisfy the increasingly strict demands of consumers who, in addition to demanding a product of high organoleptic quality, require that it has been grown and produced in the most natural way possible. On the other hand, the effect of root- stimulating products on nursery plants was also studied, thus continuing to evaluate whether their development can be accelerated in order to shorten periods in the nursery and better adapt to the environment. To study these parameters, four different trials have been developed. In the first, the influence of biostimulants on nursery plants was studied; in the second, the influence of biostimulants on a crop under field conditions was studied; in the third trial, the influence of the use of biostimulants on the parameters was evaluated. quality in an intensive olive grove comparing two different cultivars and with the fourth trial the colorimetric characterization of the oils obtained from the main cultivars under study was carried out. In general, this thesis has shown that it can be produced in a more respectful way through the use of biostimulants, improving production levels and maintaining the quality of the oils obtained, both organoleptic and colorimetrically. / This work was funded by Project AICO/2017/047. Development of methods of quantification of riparian vegetation biomass for the management of channels of the Comunitat Valenciana. Dirección General de Universidades. Generalitat Valenciana (Spain). / Hernández Hernández, GJ. (2024). Inducción del desarrollo de raíces y mejora de la producción en olivo (Olea europaea L) [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/214341

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