Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:27:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ArquivoTotal.pdf: 2607611 bytes, checksum: 77e92b6bb7c711322bb06c270f8a85cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This paper aims to discuss the urban marginality in Latin America, representatives from the cinema of marginality and its aesthetic of dirty realism. The films chosen for the analysis are: Amarelo Manga (2002) and Amores Perros (2000). To this end, there will be a reading of modernity, cinema and cities, as well as the very aesthetic of dirty realism and film of marginality. At another point, we discuss issues related to urban studies in, theories of marginality, configuration establisehd/outsiders, and feelings of insecurity, risk and fear, from sociological references. Finally, the analysis will be made of the films, within the guidelines of the methodology of film analysis. / O presente trabalho, visa discutir a marginalidade urbana na América Latina, a partir de representantes do cinema da marginalidade e sua estética do realismo sujo. Os filmes destacados para a análise são: Amarelo Manga(2002) e Amores Perros(2000). Para tanto, será realizada uma leitura da modernidade, do cinema e das cidades, bem como da própria estética do realismo sujo e do cinema da marginalidade. Em outro momento, discutiremos questões relacionadas aos estudos urbanos dentro, das teorias da marginalidade, da configuração esabelecidos/outsiders, e das sensações de insegurança, risco e medo, partindo de referenciais sociológicos. Para finalizar, será feita a análise dos filmes, dentro das orientações da metodologia da análise fílmica.

The aim of this dissertation is to identify and analyze organizational characteristics and interactional forces within the workplace organization that may affect the mobbing process. The empirical basis comprises 20 semistructured interviews with victims, observers, and bullies. Organizational theory and workplace studies are theoretical influences, as are the concepts of negotiations and outsiders. A central concept is employee discretion: formal, informal, and real discretion. Different parties in the mobbing process are identified and analyzed. It is confirmed that bullies create a negative perception of their victim and try to cause others to share this perception. Collaborators are those whom bullies potentially can recruit, and may include anyone who does not show open support for the victim. People who give open support to the victim are more likely to be bullied themselves, unless they have a strong position in the group. The mobbing process can begin for a large number of reasons. In this study, three main reasons are identified and discussed. First, mobbing can begin because the victim is seen as an outsider. Second, the mobbing process can begin with a change of position. The third main reason for a mobbing process to begin is a confrontation. Mobbing occurs only in contexts where people meet regularly and often and hence can only leave at high cost. Regular interaction and proximity to the same people are the only conditions necessary for mobbing to occur in a context. There are, however, a number of aggravating and mitigating latent characteristics or qualities that have been raised in this dissertation that may affect the mobbing process. These are cooperation and coexistence, existence of a place of retreat, distribution of bureaucratic authority and employer participation, the double belongings within the organization (formal and informal), reorganization and changing workload, and the organization’s relations to stakeholders. The same quality may be an obstacle to mobbing in one situation and facilitate it in another.

This essay argues that while the main character in The Outsiders challenges the norms of toxic masculinity on a surface level, his decision to continue fighting for his gang, the greasers, actually reinforces the stereotypical view that violence is connected to masculinity. Furthermore, it is argued that studying The Outsiders in a Swedish EFL classroom can promote critical thinking and knowledge of issues connected to gender through using empathetic reading.  Empathetic reading is a way to read carefully to gain new perspectives in order to discuss and criticize the text. Even though the term toxic masculinity assumes a healthy/harmful binary, it is needed since the power dynamics that sustain gender inequality remain. Recent events in the Western world, such as the #Metoo movement and Trumpism, are just a couple of examples of how power dynamics are showing through gender discrimination and sexual harassment. However, gender can be a sensitive subject in lower secondary EFL classrooms, and by focusing on being empathetic towards how others express gender may lessen the pressure of speaking about gender subjectively.

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In this thesis the researcher has investigated which of the two concepts: believing before belonging or belonging before believing, is a more accountable perspective in regards to ministry in post-Christendom society. With the final stages of the modern period the power of hegemonic ideologies is coming to an end as people identify less with grand ideologies and more with subcultures related to technology and social and economic networks of different kinds. The post-Christendom phase has begun and is radically challenging Christendom notions of ministry. We have to assume that among post-Christians the familiarity with Christian concepts will fade as the decline of Christendom has meant that Christianity has been losing its status as a lingua franca, only to be understood in the long run, by those who are professing Christians. It is therefore important that the church will anticipate longer journeys towards faith and not move on to disciple new converts too quickly. Post- Christendom evangelization will consequently take longer, start further back and move more slowly. In the context of post-Christendom, knowledge of Christianity is rather limited and people need to come to an understanding of what Christianity entails. For those seekers, exploratory participation at first is safer than making a definite commitment. Postmodern society is also suspicious of institutions and eager to find whether Christian beliefs also work in practice and not only in theory. Therefore is belonging before believing very much necessary for seekers to test whether Christians live out in their communities what they claim to be true? / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D. Th. (Missiology)

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004 / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigates the binary oppositions in Dalene Matthee's historic novel, Pieternella van die Kaap, and the extent to which it correlates with the perspectives on "the other" and the influence of the spatial context on the two main characters, Eva-Krotoa and Pietemella. The study ascertains in which way Matthee's novel falls within the post-colonial framework; whether a tendency towards hybridity can be found and in which cases the binary opposition of "the self" versus "the other", is consequently suspended. Attention is also given to key concepts associated with this, like stereotyping and convention. After exploring the term post-colonial literature, a number of related elements are discussed, such as the post-colonial focus on identity. Via the focalisation of PietenelIa the novel firstly presents a general view of her experiences in the Cape, on Robben Island, on the ship the Boode, and on Mauritius. In the process it also foregrounds the life of her mother, Eva-Krotoa. Both of them are so much affected by the binary oppositions relating to their existence within different, contrasting spaces, that it is justified to call them "two-head" women. While Eva- Krotoa's life is torn apart by the binary oppositions, there are indications that Pietemella moves in the direction of a growing hybridity, that brings about a synthesis between the oppositions and allows her to reconcile herself with her own identity. This is even more pronounced in the case of her daughter, Maria. The study comes to the conclusion that stereotyping is based on convention and that time, place and circumstances determine whether and to what extent the binary opposition of "the self'/"the other" is suspended. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die binêre opposrsres in Dalene Matthee se historiese roman Pieternella van die Kaap en die mate waarin die perspektiewe op 'die ander' en die invloed van die ruimtelike konteks op die twee vernaamste karakters, Eva-Krotoa en Pieternella, hiermee in verband gebring kan word. Daar word vasgestel in watter mate hierdie roman binne 'n postkoloniale raamwerk val, in watter opsigte sprake is van hibriditeit en in watter gevalle die binêre opposisie van 'die ek'teenoor 'die ander' gevolglik opgehef word. Aandag word ook bestee aan sleutelbegrippe wat hiermee saamhang, soos stereotipering en konvensie. Na 'n verkenning van die term postkoloniale literatuur word verskeie elemente wat hiermee verband hou bespreek, soos die postkoloniale fokus op identiteit. Die roman bied eerstens, via die fokalisasie van Pieternella, 'n oorsig oor haar lotgevalle aan die Kaap, op Robbeneiland, op die skip die Baade en op Mauritius, maar stel in die proses ook die lewe van haar moeder Eva-Krotoa voorop. Beide word in so 'n mate geaffekteer deur binêre opposisies van hulle bestaan binne verskillende, kontrasterende ruimtes, dat hulle tereg 'tweekopvroue' genoem kan word. Waar Eva-Krotoa ten onder gaan aan die binêre opposisies is daar met betrekking tot Pieternella aanduidings van 'n groeiende hibriditeit wat 'n sintese bring tussen die opposisies en haar met haar eie identiteit laat versoen. Dit is in In nog groter mate die geval met haar dogter Maria. Die studie kom tot die slotsom dat stereotipering berus op konvensie en dat tyd, plek en omstandighede bepaal of en in watter mate die binêre opposisie van ekl'ander' opgehef word.

Submitted by Rosana Moreira (rosanapsm@outlook.com) on 2018-08-17T20:45:46Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_RuasSistemaPenal.pdf: 852598 bytes, checksum: 40c6ce3a8ee09c8deeeefaa13971346b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2018-08-27T16:14:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_RuasSistemaPenal.pdf: 852598 bytes, checksum: 40c6ce3a8ee09c8deeeefaa13971346b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T16:14:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_RuasSistemaPenal.pdf: 852598 bytes, checksum: 40c6ce3a8ee09c8deeeefaa13971346b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-19 / A fragilidade do Estado democrático brasileiro é percebida através das constantes dificuldades para a garantia de direitos fundamentais e esse cenário acaba mobilizando a população a procurar vias, ainda que informais, para manifestar suas demandas. Em 2013 e 2015, na cidade de São Paulo, ocorreram eventos que exemplificam o fenômenos de manifestações urbanas ocorridas no país nos últimos anos, e que tornaram-se pauta de segurança pública na mídia de massa. A partir destas constatações, este trabalho se propõe discutir a cobertura realizada pelos meios de comunicação de massa, durante a ocorrência desses protestos urbanos, a fim de avaliar se essa atuação pode ser considerada expressão do processo de criminalização dos sujeitos participantes. Através então, da análise de relatórios produzidos por Organizações Não Governamentais (ONGS) e entidades internacionais, busca-se a análise dos diversos processos de criminalização aos quais os sujeitos, aqui entendidos a luz do conceito de Touraine, foram expostos e qual o papel da mídia nesse contexto. Dentre as conclusões obtidas, destaca-se que a mídia, como agência informal do sistema penal, através de um trabalho que não prioriza a pluralidade de fontes e assim fomenta a criação de estereótipos colabora com a criminalização dos sujeitos envolvidos nos eventos analisados. Além disso, a existência de uma política penal no lugar de uma política criminal se mostra como obstáculo para o enfretamento de discursos de recrudescimento penal pautados na criação de inimigos. / The fragility of the Brazilian democratic state is perceived through constant difficulties for a guarantee of fundamental rights, and this scenario has just mobilized a population to seek ways, albeit informal, to express their demands. In 2013 and 2015, in the city of São Paulo, events occurred that exemplify the phenomena of urban manifestations, not our last years, and which became a public security agenda in the mass media. Based on these findings, this paper proposes a solution carried out by means of mass communication, during the occurrence of urban protests, a risk assessment. Through the analysis of essays by Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and international entities, an analysis of the two criminalization processes is sought, which the subjects, understood in the light of the Touraine concept, were exposed and what role the media play in this context. Among the conclusions obtained, it is worth noting that the media, as an informal agency of the penal system, through a work that does not prioritize the plurality of sources and thus fosters the creation of stereotypes, contributes to a criminalization of the subjects involved in the analyzed events. Moreover, the existence of a criminal policy in place of a criminal policy is seen as an obstacle to the confrontation of discourses of criminal recrudescence based on the creation of enemies.

This study uses concepts from network science to analyze the agency of outsider characters who cause change or disruption without necessarily securing economic or political power for themselves. Network science as theorized by thinkers like Duncan Watts (Six Degrees, 2003) and Albert-Laszlo Barabasi (Linked, 2002) explains social networks in terms of social structures: clusters of people, bridges between them, pathways through them. Michel Foucault (The Archaeology of Knowledge, 1971) suggests that new notions must enter public or personal awareness on "surfaces of emergence"—institutions like families and social groups. Michel de Certeau (The Practice of Everyday Life, 1974) looks at inventive ways that users repurpose products, both industrial and cultural, and so become "secondary producers." To analyze the influential-outsider agency of the fictional characters featured in this study, I theorize the clusters, bridges, and pathways of network science as surfaces of emergence on which "secondary productions" can appear and then spread through a social network.The introductory chapter explores and explains the general application of network science to literary criticism. In subsequent chapters, I use a networks-based approach to examine the agency of William Dean Howells's Tom Corey (The Rise of Silas Lapham, 1884), F. Scott Fitzgerald's Jay Gatsby (The Great Gatsby, 1925), Joseph Heller's Milo Minderbinder (Catch-22, 1961), Thomas Pynchon's Pierce Inverarity (The Crying of Lot 49, 1965), and William Gibson's Cayce Pollard (Pattern Recognition, 2003). These characters do unusual things with and from the subject positions in which they find themselves, and—whether or not they are or remain marginalized characters in their social systems—they are innovative and influential in ways that other characters do not understand or anticipate. All five novels depict the diffusion of innovative ideas and practices as a process of unplanned, non-coercive social negotiation, where innovation can originate with any person or group of people in the social network and is dependent on the complex interaction of liminal notions and mainstream thinking. The networking approach to these novels clarifies the ways that their authors have imagined social networks to function and the particular interactions they have imagined to lead to change or disruption. / Department of English

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka och diskutera samtidens porträttering av maskulinitet och avvikelser inom populärkulturen. För att genomföra denna studie analyseras två olika teveserier varav den ena är en dokusåpa och den andra en dramaserie. Båda serierna uppstod vid en och samma tidpunkt på olika delar av världen. Den likhet som fanns mellan dem var att de porträtterade framväxten av en och samma fenomen, nördar som ny manlighet. Analysen genomförs utifrån teoretiska verktyg med grund inom remedering samt teorier om immersivitet och manlighet men även en återkoppling till begreppet freakshow. Uppsatsen är förankrad för att lyfta fram tankar och aspekter kring framväxt av den manliga identiteten men även väcka nya diskussioner. / The purpose of this study is to examine and discuss the current ways of portraying masculinity and deviations within popular culture. For this study, I’ve focused on two different sources, one being a reality-show and the other being a fictional series. Both of these series aired for the first time during 2005, though not in the same country. Despite the distance, both of these series portrayed the appearance of new masculinity, in this case, the fact of being a nerd as a new masculinity. The analysis focuses on examining the series with roots in the remediation theories as well as concepts of the immersive media and masculinity. Also, placing these series in a context where they can be compared to the late freakshow phenomena. This study aims to bring up thoughts around appearances of masculine standards as well as plant seeds for future discussions.

In this thesis the researcher has investigated which of the two concepts: believing before belonging or belonging before believing, is a more accountable perspective in regards to ministry in post-Christendom society. With the final stages of the modern period the power of hegemonic ideologies is coming to an end as people identify less with grand ideologies and more with subcultures related to technology and social and economic networks of different kinds. The post-Christendom phase has begun and is radically challenging Christendom notions of ministry. We have to assume that among post-Christians the familiarity with Christian concepts will fade as the decline of Christendom has meant that Christianity has been losing its status as a lingua franca, only to be understood in the long run, by those who are professing Christians. It is therefore important that the church will anticipate longer journeys towards faith and not move on to disciple new converts too quickly. Post- Christendom evangelization will consequently take longer, start further back and move more slowly. In the context of post-Christendom, knowledge of Christianity is rather limited and people need to come to an understanding of what Christianity entails. For those seekers, exploratory participation at first is safer than making a definite commitment. Postmodern society is also suspicious of institutions and eager to find whether Christian beliefs also work in practice and not only in theory. Therefore is belonging before believing very much necessary for seekers to test whether Christians live out in their communities what they claim to be true? / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D. Th. (Missiology)