Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-08-31T14:13:50Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese doutorado Bárbara V M Silva.pdf: 8451335 bytes, checksum: 8f05c2e3a44caad45cfbe00e5b36c3eb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-31T14:13:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese doutorado Bárbara V M Silva.pdf: 8451335 bytes, checksum: 8f05c2e3a44caad45cfbe00e5b36c3eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24 / CAPEs / A presente tese descreve o desenvolvimento de sensores eletroquímicos para imunoensaios empregando a tecnologia de eletrodos impressos com a finalidade de detectar a troponina T cardíaca, o marcador mais específico, atualmente, do infarto agudo do miocárdio. Um dos desafios na confecção de sensores eletroquímicos para imunoensaios é alcançar baixos limites de detecção. Nanomateriais de carbono são, recentemente, considerados excelentes estratégias no preparo de superfícies sensoras devido às suas excelentes propriedades, tais como rápida transferência elétrica e atividade catalítica, aumento da relação superfície/volume e, consequentemente, maior quantidade de biomoléculas imobilizadas. Nesta tese, nanotubos de carbono e grafeno foram utilizados sob diferentes abordagens para modificação de superfícies eletródicas. Um imunossensor baseado em eletrodos serigrafados obtidos pela impressão de filmes de nanotubos de carbono amino funcionalizados incorporados em tinta de carbono foi desenvolvido para detecção “livre de marcação”. Os grupos amino dos nanotubos expostos na interface sensora impressa foram utilizados para imobilização orientada dos anticorpos monoclonais anti-troponina T. Os nanofilmes impressos apresentaram uma excelente estabilidade e reprodutibilidade, exibindo um desvio padrão relativo (DP) menor que ~2% (n = 8), comparado com controle (DP ~9%, n = 8). A resposta analítica do sensor, obtida por voltametria de pulso diferencial, apresentou uma faixa linear entre 0,0025 e 0,5 ng/mL de troponina T (r = 0,995; p<0,0001; n=7), combinado a um baixo erro relativo (<<1%) e limite de detecção de 0,0035 ng/mL. Com o propósito de substituir os anticorpos anti-troponina T, visto que estes constituem parte onerosa do dispositivo, um sensor biomimético foi desenvolvido a partir de uma superfície nanoestruturada de grafeno e polipirrol. A técnica de impressão biomimética em superfície (“surface imprinting”) foi utilizada como estratégia para simplificar e reduzir em uma única etapa a produção das cavidades biomiméticas. Estas foram obtidas através da eletropolimerização do polipirrol e derivados copoliméricos orgânicos mimetizando grupos proteicos amino-reativos. As respostas analíticas do sensor foram geradas por voltametria de pulso diferencial, exibindo uma faixa linear de resposta variando de 0,01 a 0,1 ng/mL de troponina T (r = 0,9953; p<0,0001; n=5) e um limite de detecção de 0,006 ng/mL, mostrando um ótimo desempenho do sensor biomimético. As cavidades biomiméticas apresentaram uma constante de dissociação (KD) de 7,3 10- 13 mol/L, indicando boa afinidade à troponina quando comparadas com o sensor controle (sem troponina T), KD igual a 11,6 10-13 mol/L. Em conclusão, ambas as plataformas sensoras mostram potencial para detecção da troponina T em níveis de importância clínica no diagnóstico do infarto agudo, constituindo testes de pronto atendimento para emergências cardiológicas. / This thesis describes the development of electrochemical sensors for immunoassay by using a screen-printed electrodes technology in order to detect the human cardiac troponin T, the most important marker currently of the acute myocardial infarction. One of the challenges in the manufacturing of electrochemical sensors for immunoassays is to reach low limits of detection. Carbon nanomaterials are recently considered excellent strategies in preparing sensing surfaces due to theirs excellent properties, such as rapid electrical transfer and catalytic activity, increase surface / volume ratio and, consequently, offering higher amount of immobilized biomolecules. In this thesis, carbon nanotubes and graphene were used under different approaches in order to modify the sensors surfaces. An immunosensor based on screen printed electrode obtained by printing of amino functionalized carbon nanotubes films incorporated into carbon ink has been developed for "label-free" detection. The amino groups exposed on the imprinted sensor interface were utilized for oriented immobilization of the monoclonal antibody anti-troponin T. The imprinted nanofilms showed an excellent stability and reproducibility, exhibiting a relative standard deviation (RSD) less than ~2% (n = 8) compared to control (RSD ~9%, n = 8). The analytical response of the sensor, obtained by differential pulse voltammetry, showed a linear range between 0.0025 and 0.5 ng/mL (r = 0.995; p <0.0001, n = 7), combined with a low relative error (<< 1 %) and a calculated limit of detection of 0.0035 ng/mL. In order to replace the anti-troponin T antibody, since these are costly part of the device, a biomimetic sensor was developed from a nanostructured surface of graphene and polypyrrole. The biomimetic technique of surface imprinting was used as a strategy for simplify and reduce in a one-step production of the biomimetic cavities. These were obtained by electropolymerization of the pyrrole and its organic copolymers mimicking amino reactive protein groups. The analytical responses of the sensor were obtained by differential pulse voltammetry, exhibiting a linear range response in 0.01 and 0.1 ng/mL of troponin T (r = 0.9953; p <0.0001, n = 5) and a limit of detection of 0.006 ng/mL, showing a good performance of the biomimetic sensor. The biomimetic sites exhibited a dissociation constant (KD) of 7.3 10-13 mol/L, indicating a good affinity to troponin when compared to its control (without troponin T), KD equal to 11.6 10-13 mol/L. In conclusion, both sensor platform the sensor platforms showed a potential for troponin T detection in levels of clinical important for acute myocardial infarction diagnostic, constituting point-of-care testing for cardiac emergency departments.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-09-20T12:39:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Diego_Ricardo_daSilva_Leite_DISSERTAÇÃO.pdf: 2264802 bytes, checksum: 0e31f6102f6a8c9b24148d435e822ef1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-20T12:39:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Diego_Ricardo_daSilva_Leite_DISSERTAÇÃO.pdf: 2264802 bytes, checksum: 0e31f6102f6a8c9b24148d435e822ef1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-04 / CAPES / Atualmente, têm-se buscado métodos que viabilizem um diagnóstico eficaz, prático, rápido e de baixo custo na detecção de doenças que se revelem atrativos para os serviços de saúde pública. Nesse contexto, os imunossensores têm apresentado respostas promissoras, revelando-se como métodos analíticos práticos, rápidos e econômicos. Recentemente, a utilização de nanomateriais de alótropos de carbono, destacando-se os nanotubos de carbono (NTC), têm resultado em melhoria na sensibilidade por aumentar transferência eletrônica, sobretudo quando aliados a polímeros condutores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver plataforma nanoestruturada para aplicação em imunossensores. Como objeto de estudo, foi detectado anticorpos contra o nucleocapsídeo do vírus da hepatite B (HBV), visto que este marcador é o mais importante no controle e vigilância de bolsas de sangue em serviços hemoterápicos. No presente trabalho, eletrodos de tinta de carbono serigrafados sobre substrato de politileno tereftalato (PET) foram modificados por 0,0063% de nanotubos de carbono (NTC-COOH) e 6% em concentração de ftalocianina de cobalto (CoPc) que foram recobertos com filmes de polipirrol (PPi). O filme foi obtido por cronoamperometria (0,8V, 80s) usando soluções de 0,1 M de pirrol (Pi) em meio ácido. Foi observada uma boa reprodutibilidade e estabilidade dos eletrodos sobretudo pós-inserção do filme quando caracterizado eletroquimicamente. Além disso, as imagens de microscopia eletrônica mostraram uma baixa produção de pirroles. Os sensores desenvolvidos com a associação de nanotubos de carbono funcionalizados apresentaram melhor desempenho analítico em relação ao controle (sem NTC). A imobilização do antígeno do núcleo capsídeo da hepatite B (HBc-Ag) foi confirmada por decréscimo da área eletroativa dos voltamogramas cíclicos. A resposta aos anticorpos anti-HBc foi evidenciada por técnica de voltametria de onda quadrada, mostrando que a plataforma desenvolvida é promissora para aplicação em sensor para hepatite. / Currently, they have been sought methods that enable effective diagnosis, practical, fast and low-cost in detecting diseases that may prove attractive to public health services. In this context, immunosensors have shown promising responses, revealing himself as analytical methods of practical, fast and economical. Recently, the use of carbon allotropes of nanomaterials, highlighting carbon nanotubes (CNT), have resulted in improved sensitivity by increasing wire transfer, especially when combined with conductive polymers. The aim of this study was to develop nanostructured platform for immunosensors application. As study object was detected antibodies against the nucleocapsid of hepatitis B virus (HBV), as this marker is the most important in the control and surveillance of blood bags in haemotherapic services. In this study, carbon ink electrodes screen printed on the substrate polythene terephthalate (PET) have been modified for 0.0063% of carbon nanotubes (CNT-COOH) and 6% concentration of cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) were coated with polypyrrole films (PPy). The film was obtained by chronoamperometry (0.8 V, 80 s) using 0.1 M solution of pyrrole (Py) in acidic. Was observed a good reproducibility and stability particularly after insertion of the film electrode when electrochemically characterized. Furthermore, electron microscopy images showed a low production pyrroles. The sensors developed in association with functionalized carbon nanotubes showed better analytical performance compared to the control (without NTC). The immobilization of the capsid antigen hepatitis B core (HBc-Ag) was confirmed by decreasing the area of the electroactive cyclic voltammograms. The response to anti-HBc antibody was evidenced by technical square wave voltammetry, showing that the platform is developed promising for application to sensor hepatitis.

Orientador: Marcia Azevedo de Abreu / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T00:44:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_SimoneCristinaMendoncade_D.pdf: 2577333 bytes, checksum: 84cdd54149962b9fbaa79d609e29fe79 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Dentre os muitos títulos publicados entre 1808 e 1822 na Impressão Régia do Rio de Janeiro, este trabalho se concentra nos romances. Os títulos dos documentos e das obras diversas publicados nesse período foram catalogados ainda no século XIX. Entretanto, boa parte dos exemplares já havia desaparecido, fazendo com que o método utilizado para identificação dos títulos incluísse os anúncios de jornais. Como também eram anunciadas publicações feitas em Lisboa, havia a dúvida quanto à delimitação das que efetivamente foram editadas na Impressão Régia do Rio de Janeiro. A confusão de locais de impressão levantava a hipótese de uma relação editorial entre a Impressão Régia estabelecida na colônia e sua congênere lisboeta. Tal hipótese foi refutada após investigarmos a casa impressora portuguesa e os títulos de romances nela editados. Concluímos que somente seria possível definir quais foram os romances feitos pela primeira casa impressora oficialmente instalada no Brasil com a localização dos exemplares e a confirmação, pelos dados das folhas de rosto, de que foram impressos no Rio de Janeiro. Por meio de buscas, localizamos quase todos os romances catalogados e delimitamos os que saíram dos prelos da Impressão Régia do Rio de Janeiro. No processo, traçamos a história editorial de cada um deles, verificamos de que maneira eram anunciados pelos livreiros nos jornais e analisamos esses livros do ponto de vista material e textual. Raros e de localização trabalhosa, esses romances são atualmente pouco lembrados ou totalmente desconhecidos. No entanto, têm sua importância nos estudos sobre a circulação de livros no período colonial e em anos posteriores e, certamente, fizeram parte da formação do gosto do público por livros do gênero / Abstract: Among many titles published between 1808 and 1822 by Impressão Régia (Royal Printing) from Rio de Janeiro, this thesis concentrates on the novels. In the 19th century the organization of documents and different works published in such period began. However, a significant part of the copies had already disappeared at that time. So, the method used for identifying the titles included newspaper announcements. As publications made in Lisbon were also announced, there was a doubt regarding the delimitation of the ones which had been effectively published by the Impressão Régia from Rio de Janeiro. The confusion about printing places supported the hypothesis about an editorial relation between the Impressão Régia established in the colony and its congener in Lisbon. Such hypothesis was refuted by us after investigating the Portuguese printing house and the titles of novels published by it. We concluded that it would only be possible to define which novels were published by the first printing house officially established in Brazil by means of the localization of the copies and the confirmation, through the data printed on the title page, that they were printed in Rio de Janeiro. We localized almost every novel which were catalogued and delimited those which originated from the press of Impressão Régia from Rio de Janeiro. During the process, we framed the editorial history of each one of them, verify the way they were announced by the booksellers in the newspapers and analyzed these books from the material and textual points view. Being rare and hard to be located, nowadays, these novels are seldom remembered or totally unknown. Nevertheless, they are important for studies about the circulation of books during the colonial period and the subsequent years, and they definitely played an important part in forming the audience's taste for novel reading / Doutorado / Historia e Historiografia Literaria / Doutor em Teoria e História Literária

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-29T14:56:34Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Anderson Almeida Dias - 2016.pdf: 2267814 bytes, checksum: ee86b1492eb772ffa46bd1de1e5e9e4b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-29T14:56:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Anderson Almeida Dias - 2016.pdf: 2267814 bytes, checksum: ee86b1492eb772ffa46bd1de1e5e9e4b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T14:56:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Anderson Almeida Dias - 2016.pdf: 2267814 bytes, checksum: ee86b1492eb772ffa46bd1de1e5e9e4b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-03 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This manuscript describes development of batch injection analysis (BIA) cells using a 3D printer as well show the fabrication of pencil draw electrode on paper platform. Bia cells were employed on wall-jet configuration coupled with amperometric system. Bia systems were used to detect a product reaction obtained by paper-microreactor and determine ethanol in whiskey samples. Fabrication process using 3D printer was simple, fast (lower than four hours) and cost effectiveness (ca. $ 3.43 and 1.07 to the 1st and 2nd generation of Bia system, respectively). The 1st generation of Bia cell was production to be couple with commercial screen printed electrodes (SPEs) by DropSens (DropSens, DPR 710 model) and 2nd generation have support to put home-made electrodes. Both Bia cells, present a specific compartment to be coupled the micropipette. Paperbased microreactors (MOPs) were used with the 1st generation of Bia cell and the system was employed to measure glucose through the generation of hydrogen peroxide by the reaction of glucose with glucose oxidase and amperometric detection of H2O2 generated in the reaction at a potential of -0.25 V vs. Ag. In the same way of Bia cell, MOPs fabrication process is simpler, faster and cheaper (ca. $ 0.02 cent each). In general, the system shows a good linear response for concentration range between 1 to 10 mmo L-1. The limit of detection (LD) and quantification (LQ) found were 0.11 mmol L-1 and 0.38 mmol L-1, respectively. Besides, the measure of glucose using five different MOPs presented a good repeatability (RSD between 1.5 to 2.8%) and reproducibility (RSD = 0.66%). The 2nd generation of Bia cell was coupled with copper working electrode modified thermally and chemically. This cell was employed to determine the presence of ethanol in whisky sample using 1 mol L-1 NaOH as supporting electrolyte and potential of 0.45 V vs Ag / AgCl. The modified-electrode shows optimum stability to measure seventy minute of consecutive injection with RSD lower than 4.7%. A good linear response was obtained when concentration of ethanol ranged from 2.5 to 25% (v/v). The LD achieved was ca. 0.07% (v/v). Besides the Bia cells experiments, this work describes the fabrication process of alternative electrodes by hand drawing pencil on paper platform. Initially, the geometry of sensing electrodes was drawn using a graphic software and printed on paper surface. During printing process, toner lines were deposited on paper to delimit the electrode area. Then, the desire layout was draw using a pencil and laminated using benchtop laminator. This last step is necessary to make the electrical insulation. Fabrication process of alternative electrodes was simple, fast (~ 20 minutes) and cost effectiveness (ca. $ 0,023). Characterization of paper electrodes was made by cyclic voltammetry with potassium ferrocyanide (5 mmol L-1) in KCl solution (0.5 mol L-1). Besides, showed good peak separation (ΔEp) ca. 238 mV and excellent reproducibility. The RSD was lower than 2.25% to five different electrodes. / Esta dissertação apresenta o desenvolvimento de células para análise por injeção em batelada (BIA, do inglês “batch injection analysis”) mediante uso de uma impressora 3D assim como a fabricação de eletrodos utilizando uma técnica de escrita direta em papel. As células BIA foram utilizadas com detecção eletroquímica, visando a análise de um produto de reação realizada em microrreatores de papel e, também, de etanol em amostras de uísque. As células BIA, fabricadas no laboratório por meio de uma impressora 3D, apresentaram baixo custo (cerca de R$ 12,00 e R$ 3,75 para 1° e 2° geração respectivamente), fabricação rápida (cerca de 4 horas e 1 hora e 40 minutos para 1° e 2° geração respectivamente) e robustez. Ambas as células BIA foram utilizadas com detecção amperométrica (DA) e apresentam configuração wall-jet. A 1° geração BIA possui suporte para eletrodos serigrafados (SPEs) comerciais da DropSens e pipeta eletrônica e a 2° geração BIA possui suporte para eletrodos convencionais construídos no laboratório e pipeta eletrônica. Os microrreatores à base de papel (MOPs) foram vinculados à 1° geração da célula BIA, este sistema foi utilizado para quantificação de glicose a partir da geração de peróxido de hidrogênio mediante a reação da glicose com glicose oxidase, e detecção do H2O2 gerado com SPEs de carbono modificado com azul da prússia (DropSens, modelo DPR 710) em um potencial de -0,25 V versus Ag. A confecção dos MOPs é simples, rápida (2 horas e 30 minutos) e de baixo custo (cerca de R$ 0,06 a unidade). Para a fabricação dos microrreatores a base de papel, primeiramente foi realizada a modificação química da superfície do papel. Para, em seguida, efetuar a imobilização covalente da enzima. Os ensaios realizados utilizando os MOPs vinculados a 1° geração da célula BIA com detecção amperométrica (BIADA) apresentaram linearidade para faixa de concentração entre 1 e 10 mmol L-1 (R² = 0,990), alta repetitividade (DPR entre 1,5% e 2,8%) e elevada reprodutibilidade (DPR = 0,66%) para 5 microrreatores. Os limites de detecção e quantificação obtidos foram de 0,11 mmo L-1 e 0,38 mmol L-1 respectivamente. A 2° geração da célula BIA foi acoplada com eletrodo de trabalho (ET) de cobre modificado por tratamento químico / térmico e utilizada para verificação de adulteração em uísques através da quantificação de etanol utilizando NaOH 1 mol L-1 como eletrólito suporte e potencial de 0,45 V versus Ag/AgCl. Os ensaios utilizando a 2° geração da célula BIA-DA apresentaram linearidade para faixa de concentração entre 2,5 e 25 % v/v de etanol (R² = 0,998) e elevada estabilidade (DPR = 4,7%) para aproximadamente 70 minutos de injeções consecutivas. O limite de detecção obtido para o etanol foi de 0,07% (v/v). Os eletrodos em plataforma de papel foram produzidos através da pintura direta com lápis. Para a fabricação destes dispositivos, primeiramente o layout dos eletrodos são impressos no papel para definir a área do desenho dos eletrodos. Em seguida os eletrodos são pintados com lápis, depois os dispositivos são plastificados com polaseal com o objetivo de isolar os contatos e delimitar a área dos eletrodos. A confecção destes eletrodos é rápida (~ 20 minutos) e de baixo custo (R$ 0,082 a unidade). Os eletrodos foram caracterizados utilizando voltametria cíclica com ferrocianeto de potássio 5 mmol L-1 solubilizado em KCl 0,5 mol L-1. Estes dispositivos apresentaram elevada reprodutibilidade (DPR = 2,25%) para 5 eletrodos distintos.

Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-24T17:48:37Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Alan Henrique Ferreira Silva - 2016.pdf: 10881029 bytes, checksum: 1c411277f8b103cc8a55709053ed7f9b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-03-27T15:13:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Alan Henrique Ferreira Silva - 2016.pdf: 10881029 bytes, checksum: 1c411277f8b103cc8a55709053ed7f9b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-27T15:13:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Alan Henrique Ferreira Silva - 2016.pdf: 10881029 bytes, checksum: 1c411277f8b103cc8a55709053ed7f9b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-31 / This work proposes method to encode and decode imas using conformal mapping. Conformal mapping modifies domains without modifyung physical characteristics between them. Real images are processed between these domains using encoding keys, also called transforming functions. The advantage of this methodology is the ability to carry the message as an encoded image in printed media for posterior-decoding. / Este trabalho propõe método que utiliza transformações conformes para codificar e decodificar imagens. As transformações conformes modificam os domínios em estudos sem modificar as características físicas entre eles. As imagens reais são transformadas entre estes domínios utilizando chaves, que são funções transformadoras. o diferencial desta metodologia é a capacidade de transportar a mensagem contida na imagem em meio impresso codificado e depois, decodificá-la.

Trata-se de uma pesquisa sobre os sentidos da cultura abordados pela revista Realidade nos anos 1966 a 1968. Realidade foi uma publicação de informação geral que teve uma representação singular no jornalismo brasileiro, com um projeto editorial crítico e ousado refletido no processo jornalístico, ao apresentar pautas criadas sob um olhar inquieto frente às mudanças sociais. As reportagens estudadas foram selecionadas de um total de 33 edições publicadas num período de intensas transformações políticas e culturais no Brasil. Neste trabalho, entende-se por cultura manifestações humanas que se estabelecem num processo contínuo e transformador e a qual permite a interação entre as pessoas de uma forma livre e sem hierarquias, estabelecendo relações com diversas áreas do conhecimento. Sob essa proposta, parte-se da hipótese de que a revista capta essa idéia, quando expressa ao leitor as abordagens sociais de maneira pluralizada. Através de leituras de exemplares da Realidade, foi possível notar que as reportagens exercem uma visão ampliada dos acontecimentos culturais, entendendo que a cultura deva ser abordada em todas suas interfaces, mesmo que conflitantes, resistindo a estagnação proposta por regras padronizadas. Nas abordagens estudadas, estão presentes as questões da identidade cultural, dos conflitos gerados pela indústria cultural e as transformações sociais. A imprensa, ao abordar temas culturais no seu histórico de jornalismo cultural tem demonstrado grande superficialidade, com exceção de alguns movimentos particularizados. Assim, esta pesquisa demonstra o jornalismo não estereotipado da revista Realidade que apresenta um enfoque diferenciado e pluralizado para a cultura. / This paper is about a research of the cultural traits handled by Realidade magazine from 1966 to 1968. Realidade magazine was a publication that contained general information, which had a unique representation within the Brazilian news scenario, with a critical and daring editorial project reflected in the journalistic process, by presenting reports created under writers\' restless views, due to the social changes that took place at the time. The news articles studied were selected from a total of 33 issues published during a time of intense political and cultural changes in Brazil. In this work, culture is understood by human manifestations that are established in a continuous and changing process that allows for the interaction among people freely and with no hierarchy, establishing relations with various knowledge areas. Under this proposal, a hypothesis is assumed that the magazine captures this idea, by expressing to the reader social approaches in a pluralized manner. Upon reading Realidade magazine it was possible to observe that the news articles exercise an extended view of cultural events, meaning that culture should be dealt with, in all its interfaces, even conflicting ones, resisting against an stagnation proposed by empty rules. The material studied offers cultural identity issues, conflicts created by the cultural industry and social changes. When treating cultural matters within its journalism history, the press has demonstrated to be very superficial, except in some specific movements. Thus, this research demonstrates that Realidade magazine presents a differentiated and pluralized focus, aimed at culture.

Abstract The aim of this thesis is to study whether nanostructured particles of WO3 could be competitive counterparts of traditional, more bulky materials in resistive gas sensor applications. Pristine and various surface decorated derivatives of three different types of WO3 nanoparticles applied on the surface of lithographically defined Si chips were used in the work to analyse the electrical behaviour of thin films when exposed to different gas atmospheres. Nanosized particles of WO3, obtained by capillary force-induced collapse of porous anodic tungsten oxide in water, were demonstrated as a sensing medium for the detection of H2 and NO analytes. Commercially available nanoparticles of WO3 were also studied. After decorating their surface with metal/metal oxide nanoparticles (Ag, PdOx and PtOx), stable aqueous dispersions were made and used for the inkjet printing of conductive patterns on test chips. Surface decoration was found to affect substantially the gas response behaviour of the materials with the largest differences in response to H2 and NO. The third type of tungsten oxide applied consisted of hydrothermally synthesized nanowires that were also surface decorated with PdO as well as with PtOx. The nanowires were suspended in water and drop cast on test chips for gas sensing measurements. The nanowire based devices allowed ultrasensitive detection of H2 even at room temperature. The results summarized in this thesis indicate that resistive gas sensors based on nanostructured tungsten oxides are excellent alternatives to existing devices utilizing porous thick films or bulky thin films. Their high sensitivity, low operating temperature and low electrical power consumption may enable the construction of portable sensors, for example by inkjet printing, thus having great potential for fast prototyping but also for large scale production at low cost. / Tiivistelmä Väitöstyön tavoitteena on tutkia nanorakenteisten WO3 hiukkasten kilpailukykyä suhteessa perinteisiin suuremman kidekoon materiaaleihin resistiivisissä kaasusensorisovelluksissa. Työssä tutkittiin kolmella eri tekniikalla valmistettujen WO3 nanopartikkeleiden alkuperäisistä ja pintakäsitellyistä versioista muodostettujen ohutkalvojen sähköisiä ominaisuuksia erilaisten kaasukehien funktiona. Veden kapillaarivoimien aikaan saaman huokoisen anodisen volframioksidirakenteen romahduksen kautta saatujen WO3 nanopartikkeleiden osoitettiin toimivan havaintoväliaineena H2 ja NO kaasuille. Myös kaupallisia WO3 nanopartikkeleita tutkittiin. Partikkelien pinta päällystettiin metalli- ja metallioksidinanopartikkeleilla (Ag, PdOx and PtOx), jonka jälkeen niistä muodostettiin vakaita vesipohjaisia seoksia johtavien kuvioiden mustesuihkutulostukseen testisubstraateille. Pintakäsittelyn havaittiin vaikuttavan merkittävästi materiaalien kaasuvasteisiin erityisesti H2:n ja NO:n tapauksessa. Kolmannen tyyppinen väitöskirjassa tutkittu volframioksidimateriaali koostuu hydrotermisesti syntetisoiduista nanojohdoista, jotka ovat pintakäsitelty PdO tai PtOx nanopartikkeleilla. Nanojohdot sekoitettiin veteen ja pipetoitiin testisubstraateille kaasumittauksia varten. Tämän tyyppiset kaasusensorit olivat erityisen herkkiä H2 kaasulle jopa huoneenlämmössä. Väistökirjan tulosten mukaan nanorakenteiset volframioksidimateriaalit ovat erinomainen vaihtoehto perinteisille huokoisille paksukalvoille ja suhteellisen paksuille ohutkalvoille kaasusensorisovelluksissa. Niiden suuri herkkyys, alhainen toimintalämpötila ja matala sähkönkulutus voivat mahdollistaa kannettavien kaasusensorien valmistuksen, esimerkiksi mustesuihkuteknologilla, nopeaan testaukseen ja suuren mittakaavan tuotantoon alhaisin kustannuksin.

Abstract In this thesis several novel inks based on dry inorganic powders enabling magnetic, piezoelectric and memory resistive (memristive) function were researched for printed electronics applications. Low curing temperature screen–printable magnetic inks for high frequency applications based on dry cobalt nanoparticles were developed in the first part of the work. Three publications were achieved. The first one concentrated on ink formulation and its process development, the second on the utilization of multifunctional surfactant, and the third on the development of the inks for plastic substrates. The magnetic inks developed were cured at 120 &#176;C. The electrical performance, microstructure, surface quality and mechanical durability of printed and cured layers were investigated. Relative permeability values up to 3 and related loss tangents up to 0.01 were achieved at 2 GHz frequency, as well as a pull–off strength of up to 5.2 MPa. The maximum loading level of cobalt nanoparticles was 60 vol–%, after which the stability of the ink started to degrade. The developed ink enabled the miniaturization of a patch antenna. In the second part of the thesis, the formulation of inks based on piezoelectric ceramic particles in powder form with ferroelectric polymers as a matrix material is introduced. The performance and quality of the printed inks and cured layers were investigated. The measured pull off –strength was up to 3.25 MPa, relative permittivity was up to 48 at 1 kHz and piezoelectric constant d31 up to 17 pm/V. The printed piezoelectric layer can be utilized in a pressure sensor. In the third part of the thesis, the development of inks for a novel printed memory component, a memristor, is researched. A synthesis route was developed for an organometallic precursor solution, which was formulated into inkjet–printable form. The printing tests were carried out in order to find the most feasible layer thickness with memristive behaviour. The influence of substrate materials and different thermal treatments on the components’ electrical properties, durability of read/erase –cycles and overall lifetime were also investigated. The prepared memristive patterns remained functional for up to 35 days, while the precursor solution remained usable for over a year. The memristive areas withstood up to 30 read/erase cycles and by utilizing heat treatments the shift in resistance value increased by up to three orders of magnitude. / Tiivistelmä Väitöstyössä kehitettiin epäorgaanisten kuivien jauhemaisten materiaalien pohjalta magneettisia, pietsosähköisiä ja memristiivisiä musteita käytettäviksi painettavan elektroniikan sovelluksissa. Työn ensimmäisessä osassa tutkittiin korkean taajuuden sovelluksissa käytettävien magneettisten, matalassa lämpötilassa kovetettavien, jauhemaisiin kobolttinanopartikkeleihin perustuvien silkkipainomusteiden valmistamista. Tulokset on esitetty kolmessa julkaisussa, joista ensimmäinen keskittyi musteen formulointiin, toinen monifunktionaalisen surfaktantin hyödyntämiseen ja kolmas musteen kehittämiseen muovialustalle sopivaksi. Työssä kehitettiin 120 &#176;C:ssa kovettuvia musteita, joista valmistettujen kalvojen suhteellisen permeabiliteetin maksimiarvoksi saatiin 3 ja häviöiden minimiarvoksi 0,01 kahden gigahertsin taajuudella. Pull–off –vetotestin tulokseksi saatiin jopa 5,2 MPa. Musteet säilyivät vakaina enimmillään 60 tilavuusprosentin metallipitoisuudella. Kehitettyä mustetta käytettiin tasoantennin miniatyrisoinnissa. Toisessa osassa kehitettiin pietsosähköisiä musteita, jotka pohjautuivat keraamijauheeseen ja matriisimateriaalina toimivaan ferrosähköiseen muoviin. Niistä valmistettujen kalvojen parhaaksi pull off –vetotestin tulokseksi saatiin 3,25 MPa, permittiivisyyden maksimiarvoksi 48 yhden kilohertsin taajuudella ja d31–pietsovakion maksimiarvoksi jopa 17 pm/V. Kehitettyjä painettuja rakenteita voidaan käyttää painettavissa paineantureissa. Kolmannessa osassa kehitettiin uudentyyppinen painettava muistikomponentti, memristori ja komponenttien valmistamiseksi uusi prekursoriliuoksen synteesi. Syntetisoitu liuos muokattiin mustesuihkutulostettavaksi. Painokokeiden avulla selvitettiin materiaalin paksuus, jolla saatiin aikaan muistivastukselle ominainen memristiivinen käyttäytyminen. Työssä tutkittiin substraattimateriaalien ja mahdollisten lämpökäsittelyjen vaikutusta komponenttien sähköisiin ominaisuuksiin, luku/kirjoitussyklien kestoon sekä käyttöikään. Valmistetut memristiiviset kalvot säilyivät toimivina 35 vuorokautta ja prekursoriliuos yli vuoden. Memristiiviset pinnat kestivät jopa 30 luku/kirjoitussykliä ja vastusarvon muutos saatiin lämpökäsittelyllä kolmea kertaluokkaa suuremmaksi.

In this thesis, we present a graphical computer-aided design (CAD) environment for the design, analysis and layout of printed electronic batteries in the first phase and the parasitic extraction of the connecting wires in the second phase. The primary motivation of our work is that this prototyping software tool so far does not exist. Our tool has been integrated within the existing CAD tool which allows quick prototyping and simplifies the interface between the system designer and the device manufacturer. This tools supports the schematic and layout entry, rule checking and netlist generation. The first phase of the device synthesis modelling is based on Enfucell printed batteries, by which using the CAD tool, the shape of the battery is optimized and designed to fit the product and is able to simulate the performance during the optimization, whereas the second phase is the parasitic extraction using an extracting tool named fasthenry, which is integrated to our CAD tool to extract unwanted resistance and inductance within the shared wires between the battery and other devices. We believe that the availability of this tool is useful to the CAD community for novel ideas in the circuit design for flexible hybrid electronics. / +46764354255, +46722694942

Aucun manuscrit d’Ogier le Danois en prose ne nous est parvenu. Nous en conservons néanmoins les trois premiers imprimés : Lyon, Jean de Vingle, 1496 ; Paris, « pour » Antoine Vérard, s.d. ; Paris, Le Petit Laurens, s.d. L’objectif de la thèse est de fournir la première édition critique de cette prose, à partir de l’exemplaire de Paris de l’édition « pour » Vérard, conservé à la BnF. Le texte édité est assorti des variantes offertes par les deux autres témoins, de notes, d’un glossaire détaillé, d’un index des noms propres et d’une liste des expressions proverbiales. La lecture du texte est préparée par une introduction qui traite les points suivants : étude des trois premiers imprimés (description, classement, choix de l’imprimé de base) ; Antoine Vérard ; sources de la prose ; postérité de la prose, à savoir les éditions du XVIe siècle (présentation et classement) et les éditions et traductions ultérieures ; établissement du texte ; étude de la langue (phonétique et graphies, morphologie, syntaxe, lexique), caractéristique du moyen français et marquée par quelques traits dialectaux du Nord et de l’Est ; analyse du texte ; enfin, étude littéraire visant notamment à évaluer le travail de réécriture opéré par le prosateur à partir de sa source (le remaniement en alexandrins daté du milieu du XIVe siècle) et à analyser le style de l’auteur, typique de l’« écriture flamboyante » du XVe siècle. / No manuscript of Ogier le Danois in prose became known to us. However, we conserve the three first printed editions : Lyon, Jean de Vingle, 1496 ; Paris, « pour » Antoine Vérard, s.d. ; Paris, Le Petit Laurens, s.d. The aim of the thesis is to provide the first critical edition of this prose from the exemplary of Paris from Vérard’s edition, preserved in the BnF. The revised text is presented with variants given by the other two printed editions, notes, a glossary, an index of proper nouns and a list of proverbial phrases. The reading of the texte is preparing by an introduction that deals with these following points : study of the three first printed editions (description, classification, selection of one exemplary, revision of the text) ; Antoine Vérard ; prose’s sources ; prose’s posterity with the editions dating from the XVIth century (presentation and classification) and the later editions and traductions ; revision of the text ; linguistic study (phonetic and written forms, morphology, syntax, vocabulary), charactéristic of middle french, with some dialectal traits from the North and the East ; analysis of the story ; finally, literary study aiming in particular at assessing the rewriting work made by the prose writer from the source (the poem in alexandrine dating from the XIVth century) and the style of the author, typical of the flamboyant writing of the XVIth century.