На фоне сохранения тенденции старения населения в Российской Федерации произошли стремительные изменения пенсионного законодательства. Основное изменение направлено на повышение возраста назначения страховой по старости. Данные изменения привели к появлению в российском правовом поле такой категории граждан, как «граждане предпенсионного возраста». Для безболезненного перехода к новому режиму жизни, распределения своих ресурсов и возможностей таких граждан, для них устанавливается новый правовой статус. Подтверждение наличия статуса предпенсионера входит в компетенцию органов Пенсионного фонда Российской Федерации. Поскольку данная государственная услуга функционирует меньше года, она несовершенна и требует регулярных доработок со стороны органов, оказывающих государственные услуги лицам, наделенным данным статусом. В процессе исследований был проанализирован текущий формат оказания государственных услуг предоставляемых Пенсионным фондом Российской Федерации гражданам пожилого возраста; выявлены основные проблемы, связанные с несовершенством оказываемых услуг, установлены причины этих проблем; определены способы совершенствования государственных услуг, предоставляемых лицам предпенсионного возраста. Результатом работы стала разработка ряда рекомендаций и мероприятий для совершенствования механизма оказания государственных услуг, предоставляемых Пенсионным фондом Российской Федерации, с учетом потребностей пожилых граждан. / Against the backdrop of the continuing trend of population aging in the Russian Federation, rapid changes in pension legislation have occurred. The main change is aimed at increasing the age of prescribing old-age insurance. These changes have led to the emergence in the Russian legal field of such a category of citizens as «citizens of pre-retirement age». For a painless transition to a new mode of life, the distribution of their resources and the capabilities of such citizens, a new legal status is established for them. Confirmation of the status of a pre-pensioner is the responsibility of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation. Since this public service has been functioning for less than a year, it is imperfect and requires regular revisions by the authorities that provide public services to people with this status. In the process of research, the current format for the provision of public services provided by the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation to elderly citizens was analyzed; The main problems associated with the imperfection of the services provided are identified, the causes of these problems are established; ways of improving public services provided to persons of pre-retirement age are identified. The result of the work was the development of a number of recommendations and measures to improve the mechanism for the provision of public services provided by the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, taking into account the needs of senior citizens.

Cette thèse propose une étude empirique des liens entre la sphère politique et la gestion des services publics locaux en France. Lorsqu'elles administrent les services publics, les administrations locales peuvent décider soit de fournir un service en régie, soit d'externaliser sa gestion, et donc de conclure des contrats avec des entités privées. Tout d'abord, ce choix de gouvernance est analysé dans le cas des cantines scolaires françaises et les moteurs politiques de ce choix sont mis en évidence. La contestation politique à l'élection municipale est considérée comme l'un des moteurs du choix organisationnel. Deuxièmement, nous avons analysé les contrats public-privé en cas d'externalisation. Nous avons constaté que ces contrats étaient plus rigides que les contrats privés purs. En outre, cette rigidité excessive peut s'expliquer par le niveau de contestation politique dans la municipalité. Enfin, les déterminants de l'approvisionnement alimentaire local sont étudiés. Nous constatons que la disponibilité des réseaux d'alimentation alternatifs est parfois motivée par des considérations politiques. Cette thèse contribue à ajouter des connaissances à la compréhension de la gestion des services publics locaux, ainsi qu'à la compréhension de la disponibilité des magasins de détail alimentaires. / This dissertation offers an empirical investigation of the links between the political sphere and the management of local public services in France. When they administer public services, local governments can decide either to provide a service in-house, or to externalize its management, and therefore conclude contracts with private entities. First, this choice of governance is analyzed in the case of French school canteens and the political drivers of this choice are highlighted. The political contestation in the municipal election is found to be one of the drivers of the organizational choice. Second, we analyzed public-private contracts in case of externalization. We found those contracts to be more rigid than pure private contracts. Besides, this excessive rigidity can be explained by the level of political contestation in the municipality. Finally, the determinants of the local food supply is studied. We find that the availability of alternative food networks is sometimes driven by political considerations. This dissertation contributes to add knowledge to the understanding of the management of local public services, as well as to the understanding of food retail stores availability.

Ce mémoire s’intéresse aux expériences de femmes en processus de sortie de la prostitution. Il vise à comprendre les obstacles auxquels ces femmes sont confrontées pour pouvoir bénéficier d’interventions sociales accessibles et facilitant leur sortie de la prostitution. Cette recherche qualitative prend appui sur 11 entretiens individuels réalisés auprès de femmes âgées de 26 à 55 ans et habitant Montréal, les Laurentides et l’Abitibi. Bien que nombre de femmes aux prises avec la prostitution souhaitent en sortir, on compte peu d’interventions sociales pour les aider en ce sens. Les services publics sont largement insuffisants à la fois du point de vue de leur accessibilité et de leur réponse aux besoins de ces femmes. Peu d’études s’intéressent aux services d’aide à la sortie de la prostitution, notamment au Québec. Ce mémoire privilégie une perspective féministe abolitionniste et un cadre épistémologique de la théorie standpoint. Les résultats mettent en lumière les obstacles à l’accessibilité des interventions sociales, dont le cloisonnement des services et le refus manifeste d’offrir de l’aide aux femmes. Cette recherche rend compte également de l’expérience de pratiques d’intervention entravant le processus de sortie : 1) les pratiques punitives, 2) celles proposant une aide limitée aux femmes ou 3) leur adaptation à la prostitution. La conclusion de ce mémoire propose la mise en œuvre de pratiques sociales novatrices qui prennent en compte les contraintes sociales qui mènent les femmes à l’industrie du sexe et les y maintiennent ainsi que les conséquences de l’expérience même de la prostitution sur elles. / This thesis focuses on the experiences of women in the process of leaving prostitution. It aims to understand the barriers these women face in order to receive social interventions that are accessible and that facilitate their exit from prostitution. This qualitative research builds on 11 individual interviews with women aged between 26 and 55 years and living in Montreal, the Laurentians and Abitibi. Although many women in prostitution want to exit, there are few social interventions to help them in this regard. Public services are largely inadequate both regarding their accessibility and their response to the needs of these women. Few studies have focused on support services to facilitate exiting prostitution, especially in Quebec. This thesis is anchored in a feminist abolitionist perspective with standpoint theory as the epistemological framework. The results highlight the barriers to accessibility of services including compartmentalisation of services and a manifest refusal to provide social support interventions for women. This study also gives an account of the experience of interventions that hinder the exiting process: 1) punitive practices, 2) those providing limited assistance to women or 3) their adaptation to prostitution. The conclusion proposes the implementation of innovative social practices that take into account the social constraints that lead women into the sex industry and keep them there as well as the consequences of the very experience of prostitution on them.

The aim of the thesis was to analyse indicators and data sets used in the field of sustainable spatial plannig. On the base of the analyses there were spatial indicators of the sustainable development designed. The basic condition to design new indicators it was the accessibility to the elementary datas. The other condition was to design very simply methodology that could be use also for measuring in very small location. The thesis designed idnicators in three main areas of the spatial planning: • landuse, • accessibility of the services, • inner city/town/village traffic. One of the demands for the new indicators set was it´s efficiency for all kinds of the cities in the Czech Republic. This demand was fullfilled by the 3 level methodolgy – the main indicator was measurable for all kinds of settlemets – small villages, small and middle towns and also for cities. The basic methodology (for small villages) was very simple. Indicators were computed from very easy accesible data sets. And this methodology could also be used for larger settlements without any problems. The second level – for small and middle towns – sometimes needs special surveys or special hardware and software. The top of the pyramid is the methodology for cities. In this level there are used detailed analyses and computing methods. The thesis designes the methodology and also checks the practical application up.

Le développement du droit international des droits de l’homme conduit le droit international public à réenvisager la question étatique. Loin de n’être que le relai fonctionnel permettant l’application effective du droit international, l’État devient en effet, par l’intermédiaire de son « appareil interne », un véritable objet de celui-ci. Se développe ainsi, par le biais de cette branche du droit international qu’est le droit international des droits de l’homme, un droit international de l’organisation de l’État. L’obligation structurelle est l’un des outils juridiques permettant cette évolution. Au-delà des seules références que le droit international des droits de l’homme peut faire à l’appareil étatique se développent des obligations internationales destinées à l’organiser d’une certaine façon. Ne pouvant être parfaitement saisies par le biais des typologies d’obligations existantes, une nouvelle typologie reposant essentiellement sur la nature et les effets de telles obligations devait être dressée puis confrontée à la pratique du droit international des droits de l’homme. / Contemporary evolution of international law of human rights leads the doctrine to reconsider the State question. Far from being a mere functional relay allowing an effective application of international law, the State’s ‘internal apparatus’ becomes one of its subject-matter. An international law of States’ domestic organization is therefore developing through this branch of international law. ‘Structural obligations’ is one of the legal tools enabling that evolution. Indeed, beyond simple references to institutional domestic aspects, obligations prescribing how States should organize themselves in order to fully respect their human rights commitments are emerging. These obligations could not be comprehensively described through classical typologies of obligations, so a new one needs to be elaborated and confronted with the international law of human rights practice.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:29:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiana Maria Melhado Araujo Lima.pdf: 1305684 bytes, checksum: 4d0cc6e0d3a33dafcd96ed54180f94cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-16 / The port sector, as well as other sectors of infrastructure, has suffered significant alterations in its regulation in recent years. Since 1993, with the edition of the Law nº 8.630, known as the Law of Modernization of the Ports, which profoundly modified the legal regime of installment of the services, several government measures has been edited bringing modifications to the norms of regency of the activity. So it was with edition of the Law nº 10.233/2001, that it established principles and general lines of direction for management and operation of the infrastructure of transports, created the National Agency of Waterway Transports (ANTAQ) and tacitly revoked some provisions of the Law nº 8.630/1993; and, later, with the Law nº 11.518/2007, that created the Special Secretariat of Ports (SEP), instituted as plus an instance of regulation of the sector. Recently, the Decree nº 6.620/2008 traced the politics and lines of direction for the development and the promotion of the sector, rising again new debates of the legal regime of the public ports and privative terminals of mixing use, and, in consequence, causing the emergence of new proposals, by the ANTAQ, which now are in phase of public consultation / O setor portuário, assim como os demais setores de infraestrutura, tem sofrido significativas alterações em sua regulação nos últimos anos. Desde 1993, com a edição da Lei nº 8.630, denominada Lei de Modernização dos Portos, que alterou profundamente o regime jurídico de prestação dos serviços, têm sido editadas várias medidas governamentais trazendo modificações à normatização de regência da atividade. Assim foi com edição da Lei nº 10.233/2001, que estabeleceu princípios e diretrizes gerais para gerenciamento e operação da infraestrutura de transportes, criou a Agência Nacional de Transportes Aquaviários (ANTAQ) e revogou tacitamente algumas disposições da Lei nº 8.630/1993; e, posteriormente, com a Lei nº 11.518/2007, que criou a Secretaria Especial dos Portos (SEP), instituída como mais uma instância de regulação do setor. Recentemente, o Decreto nº 6.620/2008 traçou as políticas e diretrizes para o desenvolvimento e o fomento do setor, reascendendo novos debates a propósito do regime jurídico dos portos públicos e terminais privativos de uso misto, e, via de consequência, acarretando o surgimento de novas propostas, pela ANTAQ, que ora se encontram em fase de consulta pública

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:30:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eugenia Cristina Cleto Marolla.pdf: 1161775 bytes, checksum: d2820173fa1c0aa9840bb49e3f297caa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-19 / The use of concessions for the provision of public services is a tool that has been widely employed by the Local, State and Federal Governments. Through them the State transfer the provision of a public service to a third party, which will perform it at its own risk and being paid for such services. Therefore, the concession encompasses two conflicting interests: on one side the State interests for a suitable service provision and, on the other side, the private interests in profiting through rendering the service. The balance between both interests results in a economic-financial equation, a tool that can guarantee the relationship maintenance, among the benefits and duties agreed by the parties, and which they view as ideal for the attainment of their interests and which should be kept throughout the whole necessarily-long performance of the contract. Nowadays, the maintenance of economic-financial balance stands out in face of the increasing risks and of the need for heavy fund allocation for making the concession viable, which demands luring investments in an extremely competitive market, which has been increasingly requiring greater guarantees. On the other hand, the problems brought forth by the breakdown of the economic-financial equation are the most frequent and stormy in the daily routine of public services concessions, often leading the parties to lengthy and costly litigations. Thus, the reflection on the principle of economic-financial balance and its adaptation to the present situation is necessary, and mainly after the enactment of Law 8.987/95, about the points that generate more questions and about the importance for the improvement of tools for preventing disputes, such as planning, straightforward well-prepared agreement clauses and the performance of ordinary and extraordinary reviews. This paper aims at portraying that legal security creates a virtuous circle concerning the concession agreements, thus being the maintenance of the economic-financial balance mandatory for the accomplishment of this purpose / A utilização da concessão para a prestação dos serviços públicos é instrumento que vem sendo utilizado em larga escala pelos governos Municipal, Estadual e Federal. Por meio dela, o Estado transfere a prestação de um serviço público a terceiro, que o executará por sua conta e risco, remunerando-se por meio da exploração do serviço. A concessão abriga, portanto, dois objetivos contrapostos: de um lado, o interesse do Estado na prestação de um serviço adequado; de outro, o intento do particular em obter lucro com a prestação do serviço. O equilíbrio desses dois interesses resulta na equação econômico-financeira, ferramenta apta a garantir a manutenção da relação entre as vantagens e obrigações acordadas pelas partes, tida por elas como ideais para a consecução de seus objetivos. Esse equilíbrio deve ser mantido durante toda a execução, necessariamente longa, do contrato. Na atualidade, a manutenção do equilíbrio econômico-financeiro ganha relevo ante ao incremento dos riscos e da necessidade de grandes aportes de recursos para a viabilização da concessão. A consecução dos deveres do Estado demanda a atração de investimentos elevados, implicando na exigência da outorga de garantias maiores para que o capital particular seja atraído para esse fim. Os litígios decorrentes da quebra da equação econômico-financeira são dos mais recorrentes e tormentosos no dia a dia das concessões de serviços públicos, levando as partes, não raramente, a longas e custosas disputas judiciais. Por essa razão, faz-se necessária a reflexão sobre o princípio do equilíbrio econômico-financeiro e sua conformação na atualidade, principalmente após a edição da Lei 8.987/95. Afigura-se imperativo o aperfeiçoamento de instrumentos de prevenção de litígios como o planejamento, a redação de cláusulas contratuais mais claras e bem elaboradas e a realização de revisões ordinárias e extraordinárias. Pretende-se mostrar, na presente dissertação, que a segurança jurídica cria um círculo virtuoso em relação aos contratos de concessão e a manutenção do equilíbrio econômico-financeiro mostra-se essencial para a efetivação desse intento

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T17:16:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 19 / Nenhuma / Os serviços públicos, enquanto instrumentos para a realização de políticas públicas, desempenham papel de relevo no Estado Democrático de Direito insculpido na Constituição Federal brasileira de 1988, sobretudo pelas expressas disposições concernentes aos direitos sociais. No contexto da desestatização, a Reforma do Estado representa a migração do modelo burocrático ao gerencial de Administração Pública. Neste ínterim, a execução de parcela dos serviços públicos incumbe à iniciativa privada, sob a chancela e outorga do Estado. Na atual conjuntura histórica, agravada pela incapacidade de a Administração Pública responder às crescentes demandas sociais, os direitos são sobrepujados aos deveres fundamentais. No entanto, esquece-se que os custos para a implementação dos direitos fundamentais sociais requerem financiamento público, através da espécie tributária imposto, sob o enfoque do dever fundamental de pagar impostos. O imposto, no contexto do Estado Democrático de Direito, representa requisito intransponível / Public services, as instruments to implement public policies, play a major role in the Democratic Rule of Law written in the Federal Constitution of Brazil, of 1988, above all through the specific provisions concerning social rights. In the context of privatization, State Reform represents the migration from the bureaucratic to the managerial model of Public Administration. During this period, the implementation of part of the public services becomes the task of private enterprise under the signature and concession of the State. In the current historical situation, worsened by the Public Administration’s lack of capacity to respond to growing social demands, rights are placed above fundamental duties. However, it is forgotten that the costs of implementing fundamental social rights require public funding, through taxation, from the perspective of the fundamental duty to pay taxes. Tax, in the context of the Democratic Rule of Law, is an insurmountable requirement, conditio sine qua non, for implementation, ef

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:47:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Emilia Duarte Ferreira.pdf: 1386891 bytes, checksum: 8f87ec03146467f008e28de6be74e24d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-27 / This study aims to contribute to the reflection on strategic management in public organizations and its possible implementation by government agencies, taking as a model of application the Reference Center for the Elderly "Antonio Ermirio de Moraes , in São Paulo City s east area, an institution associated with the São Paulo State Department of Health. To address the topic of this study, Strategic Management in Public Management a necessity for comprehensive care of elderly persons in the 21st century, we wrote this essay in three chapters as follows: In Chapter I, we provide the conceptual foundation originated from Business Administration to introduce Strategic Planning in Management as part of administrative management activities at all levels of the organization and the sphere of government to which it belongs. In Chapter II, we describe the activities undertaken by the chosen institution the Reference Center for the Elderly "Antonio Ermírio de Moraes via a case study to provide a historical evidence of its existence from its inception in 1999 until its extinction in 2009. In Chapter III, we present an analysis of strategic thinking turned into planning and its praxis, commenting on the problems encountered by policy makers to create a culture for permanent strategic management and achieve their goals. The importance of this study goes beyond the bounds of law, government policies and the conceptual foundation of strategic thinking in public administration and its awareness as it tells the story of an idea and its transformation into reality, which led to the creation of the first Reference Center for the Elderly in Brazil, which might otherwise be forever cast into oblivion / Nesta dissertação apresentamos uma reflexão sobre a administração estratégica em organizações publicas e a sua implementação possível por parte de seus Órgãos. Tomamos como modelo de sua aplicabilidade, uma instituição do âmbito estadual vinculada a Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, o Centro de Referência do Idoso Antonio Ermírio de Moraes , mais conhecido publicamente como CRI Zona Leste, ou CRI de São Miguel. Para tratar do objeto deste trabalho: Administração Estratégica na Gestão Pública uma necessidade para o atendimento integral ao Idoso do século XXI, escrevemos esta dissertação em três capítulos. Primeiramente, no Capítulo I, apresentamos o embasamento conceitual proveniente da área de Administração de Empresas, introduzindo o Planejamento Estratégico na Administração como parte da ação de gestão administrativa, em todos os níveis da estrutura da organização em si e da esfera governamental a qual esta pertença. Nele também apresentamos as questões relativas aos fatores influenciadores das decisões governamentais e como são orientadas, em consequência das políticas públicas. No segundo momento, o da construção do Capítulo II, que versa sobre a implantação de um projeto estratégico público, usando a metodologia de estudo de caso, apresentamos a instituição organizacional escolhida. Demonstramos que o projeto de sua criação iniciou-se com claros objetivos estratégicos. Ao contar sobre seu percurso histórico, narramos sua origem desde a concepção do projeto de seu ideário em 1999, relatamos os seus sete anos de atuação efetiva, abordando os atos legais de sua criação e organização, passamos pelos aspectos de seu desenvolvimento e transformações e, finalmente, discorremos sobre o ato de sua extinção, quando nasce em seu lugar, outra instituição para viabilizar um novo projeto público estratégico. Por último, no Capítulo III, após conhecermos a história do CRI, analisamos o percurso do pensamento estratégico, transformado em planejamento e realizado através de sua implementação. Estudamos, pelo exame de uma instituição pública no exercício de sua missão, seu desenvolvimento e o alcance ou não de seus objetivos. Comentamos os fatos que implicam em dificuldades para os gestores públicos garantirem uma administração estratégica permanente. Elegemos as questões de gestão de pessoas e as da falta de uma gestão através de redes, como dois eixos mobilizadores destas dificuldades, que impedem a articulação adequada dos órgãos governamentais entre si e no ambiente externo em que atuam. A importância deste estudo ultrapassa os ditames da legislação, das políticas públicas e do embasamento conceitual que inspiram, obrigam ou viabilizam o pensamento público estratégico e sua concretização. Ele, conta a história de uma idéia transformada em realidade, ao dar origem ao primeiro Centro de Referência do Idoso, CRI Zona Leste, que com o passar dos anos, dado sua extinção, poderia ser perdida para sempre

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:19:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Celia Mariza de Oliveira Walvis.pdf: 1573579 bytes, checksum: eeb43928941f006fa16b5abcbbd1e194 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-26 / The present dissertation, has as it's object of study, the prevalence of the Consumer's Protection Code in assisting the user of public services. It aims to examine the continued provision of essential public services, under Article 22, caput of the Law of consumer relations, Law No. 8.078/90 and article 6, § 3, item 11 of Law No. 8.987/95, which regulates the regimen that grants permission and provision of public services, established in the Art. 175 of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Brazil. The research has had a deductive approach in its methodology and is bibliographic in its nature. The study itself is divided into three parts. The first part presents an overview of the public service and the transference of its execution to the private sector, through the concession and permission institutes. The second part focuses exclusively on the study of the consumer's legal entitlements in order to understand that the legal relation between the public service provider and the user/consumer of these same services is characterized as a consumer relation. The third and final part examines the importance of the regulatory agencies in their role to reach settlements involving consumer disputes, protecting the user and the providing of essential public services. Based on doctrinal and jurisprudential contributions analyzed, we conclude that the Consumer Protection Code shall prevail in defending the users of essential public services, overriding the state legislation that regulates the granting of permissions of public services / O presente trabalho, que traz como objeto de estudo a prevalência do Código de Defesa do Consumidor na proteção do usuário de serviço público, pretende analisar a questão relacionada à continuidade da prestação dos serviços públicos essenciais, à luz do artigo 22, caput, da lei de regência das relações de consumo, Lei nó 8.078/90, e do artigo 6°, §3^O, inciso 11, da Lei nó 8.987/95, que dispõe sobre 0 regime de concessão e permissão da prestação de serviços públicos, previsto no art. 175 da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil. A pesquisa teve como suporte metodológico a abordagem dedutiva e a natureza é bibliográfica. O estudo, em si, está organizado em três partes. A primeira parte traça um panorama geral a respeito do serviço público e da transferência da sua execução à iniciativa privada, por meio dos institutos da concessão e da permissão. A segunda é dedicada exclusivamente ao estudo do diploma legal consumerista, no intuito de compreender que a relação jurídica travada entre fornecedor de serviços públicos e usuário-consumidor destes serviços é caracterizada como relação de consumo. A terceira e última parte analisa a importância do papel das agências reguladoras na pacificação dos conflitos de consumo, a proteção do usuário e a prestação de serviços públicos essenciais. Com base nos aportes doutrinários e jurisprudenciais analisados, verificou-se que o regramento do Código de Defesa do Consumidor deve prevalecer na proteção dos usuários de serviços públicos essenciais, em detrimento da legislação que disciplina a concessão e a permissão de serviços públicos pelo ente estatal