A criação do Estado de Israel, em 1948, provocou grandes transformações que influenciaram a vida cultural e política da Palestina. No caso da poesia, observa-se a partir de 1948 a presença de temas que tratam da resistência e da afirmação da identidade. Assim, o presente trabalho terá como objetivo analisar, sob a ótica da Análise de Discurso, um corpus representativo da poesia palestina após 1948, de modo a compreender de que forma o confronto entre o simbólico e o político representa as relações entre o ethos discursivo e a construção da identidade num momento histórico particular. / The creation of Israel State, in 1948, had caused many changes that had an influence on palestinian culture and politics. After 1948, the palestinian poetry started to talk about resistance and affirmation of identity. Thus this work had an intention to analyse, by Discourse Analysis, a representative corpus of the palestinian poetry wrote after 1948, in order to understand how the confrontation between the discoursive ethos and the construction of identity.

Este trabalho consiste na análise do romance Aravim Rokdim (Árabes Dançantes), do escritor árabe israelense muçulmano Sayed Kashua, e tem como foco central a questão identitária que envolve o árabe israelense conforme visto nessa obra. Publicado em 2002, o romance conta em hebraico, idioma que tem como leitor majoritário o judeu, a história de uma família de árabes israelenses. Este estudo é desenvolvido com base nas teorias provindas dos Estudos Culturais e Pós- Colonialistas, segundo as quais no ser humano coexistem múltiplas e antagônicas identidades. Esse fato é exponencialmente visto nesse árabe cidadão israelense apresentado no romance de Kashua, que convive com sentimentos de culpa devido à sua dupla-lealdade e conflitantes fidelidades: por um lado, ele aceita sua cidadania israelense; por outro, além de ser membro de um povo cujas muitas nações se opõem à existência do Estado de Israel, ele possui parentes nos territórios ocupados por Israel na Guerra dos Seis Dias (1967) que não tiveram direito àquela cidadania. Esses sentimentos complexos e ambivalentes são intensificados devido ao contexto sociopolítico do romance: a Segunda Intifada (2000-2006). Nesse período da moderna história de Israel, a desconfiança do judeu e do Estado de Israel em relação à fidelidade do cidadão árabe israelense para com seu Estado foi exacerbada. Surge dessa combinação um romance político inusitado, que se utiliza do humor e da autoironia para contar ao seu leitor a história do árabe israelense que vive preso entre duas sociedades, que se sente um estrangeiro em seu próprio meio e, mesmo assim, não desiste de buscar um novo lugar identitário para si próprio. / This work consists of an analysis of the novel Aravim Rokdim (Dancing Arabs) by Arab-Israeli Muslim writer Sayed Kashua, which focuses on the identity issues surrounding Arab-Israelis portrayed in the work. Published in 2002, the novel is written in Hebrew and recounts the history of an Arab-Israeli family. This study is based on the theories derived from the Cultural and Post-Colonial Studies, according to which human beings simultaneously experience multiple and antagonistic identities. This fact can be observed exponentially in this Arab citizen of Israel introduced by Kashua, as he lives with feelings of guilt due to his twin-loyalties and conflicting allegiances: if, on one side, he accepts his Israeli citizenship, on the other, he is not only a member of a people whose many nations oppose the existence of the State of Israel, but has relatives living in territories occupied by Israel in the Six-Day War (1967) who were denied the right to that citizenship. These complex and ambivalent feelings are intensified by the social-political context of the novel: the Second Intifada (2000-2006), a period in modern Israeli history when the distrust of Jews and the State of Israel regarding the allegiance of Arab-Israeli citizens to the State was exacerbated. These circumstances result in a unique political novel that uses humor and self-irony to tell the reader the story of an Arab-Israeli that lives trapped between two societies, that feels like a foreigner among his own people and that tirelessly seeks a new place to call his own.

The topic of this thesis is the question of EU's involvement in the resolution of the Middle East conflict (in a narrower sense the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians) and the survey of common positions and differences of the EU and other significant participants (especially the USA and the USSR/Russia). The ultimate objective is to assess the contribution and role of the EU in the whole process based on its analysis. The first part of the thesis outlines the evolution of the Middle East conflict from the creation of the State of Israel up to the present (May 2008), the second part deals with the analysis of West European states' and EU's approach towards the Peace Process and the the third part contains a comparison of the EU's positions with selected key participants (the USA and the USSR/Russia).

Vi har genomfört en retorisk analys av Oatlys externa kommunikation under tre politiskt orienterade kriser i syfte att undersöka hur de använder olika strategier och retoriska medel för att övertyga sin publik och upprätthålla sin image. Med förtroendekris, public relations, Image Repair Theory och retorik som teoretiskt ramverk har vi kunnat identifiera hur Oatlys kommunikation förhåller sig till olika normer och strategier inom dessa teorier. Resultatet visar att det i vissa fall finns ett glapp mellan vad företaget står för och hur det agerar. De håller en aktiv och personlig kommunikation med sin publik men under kriserna visar kommunikationen att den relation Oatly har med publiken bortprioriteras. Oatly har som mål att göra sitt bästa för klimatet och för att uppnå detta riskerar de att skada förtroendet och sitt etiska rykte hos sin publik. / We have conducted a rhetorical analysis of Oatly's external communication during three politically oriented crises in order to examine how their crisis communication uses different strategies and rhetorical means to convince its audience and maintain its image. With trust crisis, public relations, Image Repair Theory and rhetorics as a theoretical framework, we have been able to identify how Oatly's communication relates to different norms and strategies within these theories. The results show that in some cases there is a gap between what the company stands for and how it acts. They maintain an active and personal communication with their audience, but during the crises, the communication shows that Oatly's relationship with the audience is de-prioritized. Oatly aims to do their best for the climate and to achieve the goal, they risk damaging the trust and ethical reputation of their audience.

The main focus of the dissertation is to examine the interactions between Egyptian foreign policy and the domestic, regional and international dramatic changes that shaped the environment in which that foreign policy was made and operated during the Arab Spring in Egypt from January 2011 to June 2013. The goal is to explore whether domestic, regional and international changes during the Arab Spring had resulted in a substantial change of Egyptian foreign policy in those three years regarding most foreign policy issues especially toward Turkey and Palestine. The dissertation's analysis, while rather qualitative and inductive in nature, employed the neoclassical realism as its theoretical framework. It allowed the researcher to identify major domestic players and issues such as ideology, strategic culture, political religion and the ability to mobilize national resources and study their impact on the foreign policy decision makers. The researcher concluded that the Egyptian foreign policy made several major changes during the Arab Spring especially toward Turkey and Palestine/Israel. These changes were due to domestic and regional variables more than to international systemic order's signals. Neoclassical realism proved to be ideal for the researcher's analysis. It helped him easily identify key...

International Legal Issues Related to the Status of the State of Israel Abstract The emergence and continued existence of the State of Israel, which is completely surrounded by Arab neighbors, may be one of the main causes of the current conflict that began in this part of the region more than seventy years ago. At the same time, the creation of the State of Israel constitutes a certain exception to international law because it was linked to a non-legally binding resolution of a body of an international organization of a universal nature, in particular to the UN General Assembly Resolution 181 (II) of 1947. This resolution foresaw the establishment of both a Jewish and an Arab state in part of the territory of the former Ottoman Empire, which was then administered by Great Britain as a mandate territory. While the state of Israel declared its independence on 14 May 1948, the Arab people of the mandate rejected this resolution, and their right to self-determination was not pursued until many decades later. In relation to this, and as a result of several armed conflicts between the State of Israel and the surrounding Arab states, there has also been a controversial situation with regard to parts of the territory of the former Mandate of Palestine that is at the same time not the territory of the State of...

In late 2014, Sweden became the first country in the world to adopt what it described as ”feminist foreign policy”. This was immediately met by both praise and criticism. While those who praised pointed to its relevance given the current state of global affairs; those who criticized it, did so because of its near utopian fantasies of global politics. While it has, since then, received mixed reviews in both media reporting and in academic reviews, it has never been investigated and compared to what should be perceived as the control — the feminist theory in international relations. This study aims to do so. It will, therefore, investigate the Swedish foreign policy and compare it to the feminist theory in international relations. In order to keep the study manageable, four separate branches of the Swedish foreign policy will be investigated. These are; migration, arms export, aid and diplomacy. While migration and aid are more generalized, arms exports and diplomacy are specifically investigating the United arab emirates, and Palestine, respectively. The outcome of the study was that all areas, except arms exports and aid, are both in keeping with, and against, the feminist theory in international relations. Arms exports, on the other hand, is not in keeping with the feminist theory at all. Aid is, in contrast to this, fully in keeping with the feminist theory. This creates a difficult situation when deciding wether or not the feminist foreign policy really is feminist. Sweden’s position as a weapons exporter causes severe friction with the feminist theory because of its recognition of female suffering during war. The way in which Sweden’s foreign policy aim to help women while also, in some way, perpetrating the suffering of women, creates a double standard. This double standard is what finally decides that the Swedish feminist foreign policy, even though it has many feminist leanings, is not feminist according to the feminist theory of international relations.

This study is about the Bush-administration after the events of 9/11. Despite the fact that Israel-Palestine had no connection to 9/11 or Al-qaida, the Bush-administration changed their foreign policy regarding the Israel-Palestine issue. This thesis studies the motives behind the administration's change using a theoretical based motive analysis. The analysis intends to provide motive-based explanations with the help of international relations (IR) theory. To reduce the scope of the analysis, the thesis investigates if the security, identity and solidarity motives from the IR-theories realism and constructivism could be a possible cause for the change in policy. This study uses the Bush-administration’s own statements which were found at the White House archives, among others, to explore the motives correspondence. The analysis concludes that the motives: security,identity and solidarity, have been motives for the administration’s change in the Israel-Palestine issue and the motives have shown correspondence with reality. Both theories then show relevance for being able to study this issue and define motives from. This study also acknowledges the value of combining realism and constructivism to analyze this case.

Jinnen är ett frekvent förekommande väsen i arabisk kultur och litteratur alltsedan förislamsk tid. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att undersöka hur jinnerna beskrivs och representeras i Fenixtrilogin av Sonia Nimr. Deras narrativa och litterära funktioner i böckerna relateras till deras representation och funktion i arabisk kultur och i ungdomsfantasy. Mieke Bals klassifikation av roller i en narrativ cykel används i analysen. Resultatet är att jinnen har en stark koppling till den klassiska bilden av en jinn i arabisk litteratur och kultur, men att några detaljer skiljer sig. Mest framträdande är jinnens entydigt goda egenskaper och funktioner i berättelsen. Slutsatsen är att trilogin ligger tydligt i linje med annan fantasylitteratur för ungdomar, men att jinnen har en unik roll som hjälpare eller god kraft. Den får i och med det en tydlig pedagogisk roll, i linje med barn- och ungdomslitteraturen. / The jinn is a frequently occurring entity in Arabic culture and literature since pre-Islamic times. The purpose of this literature study is to examine how the jinn are described and represented in the Thunderbird trilogy by Sonia Nimr. Their narrative and literary functions in the books relate to their representation and function in Arab culture and in young adult fantasy. Mieke Bal’s classification of roles in the narrative cycle is used in the analysis. The result is that the jinn bears a strong resemblance to the classical image of a jinn in Arabic literature and culture, but that some details differ. Most prominent are the jinn’s unambiguously good qualities and functions in the story. The conclusion is that the trilogy is clearly in line with other fantasy literature for young adults, but that the jinn has a unique role as a helper or as the good power. It therefore has a clear pedagogical role in line with children’s literature and Young Adult literature.

Jinnen är ett frekvent förekommande väsen i arabisk kultur och litteratur alltsedan förislamsk tid. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att undersöka hur jinnerna beskrivs och representeras i Fenixtrilogin av Sonia Nimr. Deras narrativa och litterära funktioner i böckerna relateras till deras representation och funktion i arabisk kultur och i ungdomsfantasy. Mieke Bals klassifikation av roller i en narrativ cykel används i analysen. Resultatet är att jinnen har en stark koppling till den klassiska bilden av en jinn i arabisk litteratur och kultur, men att några detaljer skiljer sig. Mest framträdande är jinnens entydigt goda egenskaper och funktioner i berättelsen. Slutsatsen är att trilogin ligger tydligt i linje med annan fantasylitteratur för ungdomar, men att jinnen har en unik roll som hjälpare eller god kraft. Den får i och med det en tydlig pedagogisk roll, i linje med barn- och ungdomslitteraturen. / The jinn is a frequently occurring entity in Arabic culture and literature since pre-Islamic times. The purpose of this literature study is to examine how the jinn are described and represented in the Thunderbird trilogy by Sonia Nimr. Their narrative and literary functions in the books relate to their representation and function in Arab culture and in young adult fantasy. Mieke Bal’s classification of roles in the narrative cycle is used in the analysis. The result is that the jinn bears a strong resemblance to the classical image of a jinn in Arabic literature and culture, but that some details differ. Most prominent are the jinn’s unambiguously good qualities and functions in the story. The conclusion is that the trilogy is clearly in line with other fantasy literature for young adults, but that the jinn has a unique role as a helper or as the good power. It therefore has a clear pedagogical role in line with children’s literature and Young Adult literature.