Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-06-17T13:45:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ezineydecavalcantidevasconcelosrocha.pdf: 2322621 bytes, checksum: 7ef5f07119ea6912bcac901083efb288 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-13T14:34:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ezineydecavalcantidevasconcelosrocha.pdf: 2322621 bytes, checksum: 7ef5f07119ea6912bcac901083efb288 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-13T14:34:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ezineydecavalcantidevasconcelosrocha.pdf: 2322621 bytes, checksum: 7ef5f07119ea6912bcac901083efb288 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-15 / O presente trabalho analisa a implementação do Plano de Ações Articuladas-PAR, entre os anos de 2007 e 2012, na rede pública de ensino municipal do estado de Pernambuco, mais especificamente a dimensão quatro, que diz da infraestrutura física e recursos pedagógicos. Entretanto, para analisar a implementação das ações desta dimensão foi necessário verificar a atuação dos atores envolvidos, sobretudo da esfera local e, assim, identificar quais fatores se configuram como entraves cotidianos às ações do PAR. Sendo assim, pretendeu-se investigar como os gestores municipais do estado de Pernambuco aderem à implementação do PAR e as conduzem, desde a sua elaboração até a execução das ações. A intenção, a partir das informações investigadas, foi a de elaborar uma proposta de intervenção para aperfeiçoar o acompanhamento e o monitoramento do Plano nos municípios, visando à melhoria dos processos de sua implementação. A metodologia para a coleta de dados pautou-se nas abordagens qualitativa e quantitativa, foram analisados documentos oficiais normatizadores do PAR, assim como registros dos técnicos das secretarias estadual e municipal de educação sobre a implementação do Plano.O embasamento teórico desta pesquisa tem como principais contribuições as reflexões de Saviani (2007), Adrião e Garcia (2008), sobre o PDE e o PAR. Também foram importantes as análises de Aureliano e Queiroz (2013), que retratam a importância do planejamento participativo, visando ao trabalho colaborativo. O resultado da pesquisa indicou a) que as ações dos atores envolvidos denunciam dificuldades enfrentadas no âmbito municipal, por exemplo: a falta de formação continuada para os gestores municipais; b) ausência de um planejamento organizado e participativo e a de um efetivo monitoramento das atividades. Tais dificuldades suscitaram o desenvolvimento de ações interventivas de formação para os gestores municipais de educação; elaboração de um Manual de Orientações com perguntas e respostas sobre as dúvidas do PAR e visitas aos municípios para acompanhamento e monitoramento, de modo a possibilitar maior eficiência e eficácia na implementação do Plano de Ações Articuladas. / The present work analyzes the implementation of Plano de Ações Articuladas - PAR, between the years 2007 and 2012, in the city schoolsin the state of Pernambuco, more specifically, in its fourth dimension, about physical infrastructure and pedagogical resources. However, to analyze the implementation of the actions in this dimension, it was necessary to check the performance of the actors involved, especially the local level and thus identify which factors are characterized as barriers to everyday actions of PAR. Therefore, intend to investigate how city managers in the state of Pernambuco join and lead the implementation of the PAR, since its establishment until the execution of actions. The intention, from the information investigated, was to develop a proposal for intervention to improve the tracking and monitoring of the Plan in the cities in order to improve the processes of implementation. The methodological framework for data collection was based on qualitative and quantitative approach, normalizing official documents of PAR, as well as records of the technical state board of education responsible for monitoring the implementation of the plan were analyzed. The theoretical basis of this study's main contributions of reflections DemervalSaviani (2007), and Teise Adrião and Theresa Garcia (2008), addressing the issue related to PDE and PAR. Also important were analyzes of Francisca Aureliano and Maria Aparecida Queiroz(2013), who portray the importance of participatory planning, seeking collaborative work. The survey results indicated that the actions of the actors involved denounce difficulties within the municipality, such as the lack of organized and participatory planning, and the lack of an effective monitoring of continuing education activities for municipal managers. Such problems evoke the development of interventional actions to promote formation courses to the education municipalities menagers; the construcytion of a Guidebook, with FAQ (frequently asked questions) about PAR; and technical visitings to the municipalities to offer accompaniment and monitoring to enable greater efficiency and effectiveness in the implementation of PAR.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:33:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_patricia_cartes_patricio.pdf: 5632426 bytes, checksum: 4a6b87b5bc65e95b85cbb8a6c23e0e06 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-20 / This thesis aimed to identify components in participatory planning methodologies.... / Esta tese teve como objetivo identificar componentes em metodologias de planejamento participativo....

Orientador: Luiz Carlos de Freitas / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T07:37:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Anjos_MarleneGonzagados_M.pdf: 3023425 bytes, checksum: 4bfe7d2c643972822832a43e823d92e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Este trabalho discute a temática da avaliação institucional, na perspectiva da Avaliação Institucional Participativa e focaliza o sistema participativo da escola. Diante disso, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo descrever as instâncias do sistema participativo da escola e colher elementos para: identificar que demandas se originam nas práticas que compõem o sistema participativo - (CPA, Conselho de Escola e assembleias) e se elas se voltam para a melhoria na relação entre o professor e os estudantes; identificar a relação entre o processo avaliativo e educativo, se tem se constituído enquanto espaço de formação de valores e quais; identificar que aprendizados (outros) os segmentos apontam serem construídos nesse exercício. Esta pesquisa se trata de um estudo de caso e a metodologia conjugou entrevistas, observações e análise documental. As categorias de análise que emergiram a partir das quais se processou a análise demonstraram a importância do sistema avaliativo e participativo da escola para a instrução e formação de valores. Verificou-se ainda que os temas discutidos no sistema avaliativo, em grande parte se articulam e revertem para a aprendizagem dos estudantes. / Abstract: This paper discusses the issue of institutional assessment, from the perspective of Participatory Institutional Assessment and focuses on participatory school system. This study aimed to describe the instances of the participatory school system and to collect elements: identify demands that originate in the practices that make up the participatory system (Self-Assessment Commission, School Counseling and Student Assemblies) and if they turn into improvement in the relationship between teacher and students. Identify the relationship between the assessment process and education; if it has constituted itself as an area of formation of values and which ones. Identify learning that (other) segments (students, parents, teachers, managers and employees) indicate to be built in this exercise. This research is a case study and the methodology conjugated interviews, observations and documentary analyzes. The categories of analysis that emerged from which the analysis was processed showed the importance of the participatory evaluation system and school for the education and values formation. It was also found that the topics discussed in the evaluation system, largely articulate and revert to student learning. / Mestrado / Ensino e Práticas Culturais / Mestre em Educação

<p>Istraživanje omogućuje potpunije razumevanje trenutnih potencijala i problema participacije u urbanom planiranju, uz ukazivanje na inovativne alate i kanale, kao i razvojne pravce koji mogu pružiti odgovore na probleme sa kojima se suočavamo. Tokom istraživanja ukazuje se na osnovne prednosti i nedostatke prakse, kao i šanse koje mogu doneti novi pristupi i tehnološki trendovi, poput angažovanja mase internet korisnika (eng. crowdsourcing) i lanca blokova (eng. blockchain).</p> / <p>The research provides a deeper understanding of the current participation<br />potentials and problems in urban planning while pointing to innovative tools<br />and channels, as well as future development directions that can provide<br />answers to the problems we face today. The research highlights the main<br />advantages and disadvantages of current practice, as well as the chances<br />that new approaches and technological trends such as crowdsourcing and<br />blockchain can bring in the participatory planning.</p>

Children and youth’s involvement in participatory urban planning processes is a phenomenon that is given increased attention by planning actors and stakeholders, as well as it is gaining space in research regarding environmental- and social sustainability. This thesis research examines how children and youth’s participation is defined, and implemented, in the two major Swedish cities of Stockholm and Gothenburg. The main challenges, and current possibilities, for planning professionals in the two cities are explored. Drawing on qualitative interviews with experienced planning professionals, and relevant documents, I analyze current issues with defining and implementing children and youth’s participation in the practice of urban planning. Discerning participation from consultation, or simply asking about children and youth’s opinions, is surrounded by some confusion. This occurs in the phase of defining and implementing children and youth’s participation, in both theory and practice. There are also factors in the formal institutional context which pose challenges to implementation, since time frames, budgets, and resources to develop knowledge and competence are limited. Other challenges planners face relates to ways in which they can use the information collected when engaging children and youth, and how to provide feedback to participants as a part of daily practice. Participatory planning projects allow for learning to take place, inclusive of planners, children and youth. Children and youth contribute with new perspectives and insight about their surroundings, which are important to include in urban planning. Participatory processes enable them to develop skills of becoming community builders and democratic citizens.

Architectus ludens. L’architecte est un joueur. L’analogie est plutôt commune, un tantinet romantique. L’architecte s’amuse avec les formes, les matières, les ombres et la lumière, comme l’enfant qui joue, il « crée un monde à son idée ». Cet essai propose de prendre au sérieux cette posture, et de considérer le projet architectural et urbain comme la fabrique d’une illusion que l’architecte partagerait avec la société. L’auteur suit ainsi la voie ouverte par Sigmund Freud qui comparait l’artiste à l’enfant joueur. A sa suite, Donald Woods Winnicott établira le phénomène transitionnel du jeu, qui permet au nourrisson d’exister et inaugure sa capacité à imaginer, comme la racine de la créativité humaine. Sur la base de cette théorie le projet architectural est envisagé comme le trajet qui conduit de l’espace du libre jeu à la conception d’un jeu réglé, un jouet ou un terrain de jeu partagé.Si tous les architectes sont, au fond, des joueurs, cette qualité apparaît plus nettement dans le moment ludique qui fait suite à l’effondrement du paradigme moderne. Des années 1950 jusqu’à la fin des années 1970, les artistes ont cherché à renouveler leurs pratiques en opposant l’expérience du jeu à l’œuvre d’art qui en est le produit. « Everywhere as playground ». Le monde entier devait alors devenir une grande aire de jeu, pour reprendre la formule d’Allan Kaprow. Les architectes ont suivi ce mouvement et de nombreux projets de cette période se démarquent par leur caractère explicitement ludique.Afin d’offrir aux architectes une boussole pour qu’ils ne se perdent pas dans leur jeu, l’essai propose une matrice de quatre règles du jeu. Elle vise à théoriser quatre manières de faire illusion, quatre techniques d’interprétation de l’environnement La première enquête porte sur l’ivresse du labyrinthe, illustrée par New Babylon, cette immense ville labyrinthique conçue par l’artiste plasticien Constant Nieuwenhuys suivant le concept de l’urbanisme unitaire théorisé par l’Internationale Situationniste. Elle nous conduit à théoriser la notion de situation comme résultante d’un jeu de distraction, qui nous détourne de l’espace-temps fonctionnel pour nous recentrer sur les énergies du corps en échange avec l’environnement. La magie des jouets est la deuxième règle du jeu étudiée en prenant l’exemple du Teatro del Mondo, ce petit théâtre flottant éphémère imaginé par l’architecte milanais Aldo Rossi pour le renouveau du Carnaval vénitien. L’architecture y est analysée comme un jeu de re‑présentation qui permet de faire symbole, une forme renvoyant aux événements de nos mémoires. C’est ensuite la combinatoire des jeux de construction qui est analysée en observant le Fun Palace, cette université populaire dédié à la créativité, et dessiné par l’architecte britannique Cedric Price comme un chantier naval reconfigurable à l’infini par ses usagers. Cette architecture sous-déterminée est associée à l’opération qui consiste à faire diagramme, à établir un réseau de relations à actualiser par le jeu de l’interprétation. Enfin, le dernier essai porte sur la systémique des jeux de stratégie et examine le World Game de l’architecte américain Richard Buckminster Fuller, un jeu de simulation stratégique pacifique qui détourne les jeux de guerre de l’armée américaine pour donner aux citoyens du monde les manettes du Vaisseau Spatial « Terre ». Il renvoie au jeu de la com‑préhension permettant de faire carte.Les quatre illusions étudiées renvoient finalement à quatre postures possibles pour l’architecte qui peut choisir de les combiner à sa guise dans la fabrique de ses projets. Il s’agit de lui donner les outils réflexifs qui l’aideront à développer sa propre grammaire architecturale. A travers la posture de l’architectus ludens, l’auteur dessine les contours d’une éthique de l’imaginaire. Elle exige de toujours remonter au libre jeu pour réinitialiser les règles de chaque projet, guidé par le désir du jeu qui fonde l’humain. / Architectus ludens. The architect is a player. The analogy is rather common, maybe a tad romantic. The architect enjoys playing with shapes, materials, shadows and light, like a child who plays, he “creates a world to his idea”. The following essay suggests taking this posture seriously, and to consider the architectural and urban project as the factory of an illusion that the architect would share with society. The author follows the path opened by Sigmund Freud, who compared the artist to the child player. Following his footsteps, Donald Woods Winnicott had established the transitional phenomenon of play, which enable the infant existence and inaugurate his ability to imagine, as the root of human creativity. The architectural project is then defined as the path that leads from the free play space to the design of a set game, a shared playground.If this hypothesis applies to the general case of the project – all architects are players – it is clearly expressed in the playful moment that follows the collapse of the modern paradigm. From the 1950s until the late 1970s, artists sought to renew their practices by opposing the experience of play to the work of art as an object. The whole world was to become a great playground, to use the formula of Allan Kaprow, «Everywhere as Playground». The architects followed this movement and many emblematic projects of this period stand out by their explicit playful nature.To offer the playful architects a compass so that they do not get lost in their plays, the essay then proposes a matrix of four playing rules which allows to theorize four ways of illusion, four techniques of interpretation of the environment.The first investigation deals with the desorientation of the labyrinth, illustrated by New Babylon, this immense labyrinthic city conceived by the artist Constant Nieuwenhuys, following the concept of unitary urbanism theorized by the Internationale Situationiste. It leads us to theorize the notion of situation as result of a distracting play, which diverts us from the functional space-time to refocus on the energies of the body exchanging with the environment. The magic of toys is the second rule studied by taking the example of the Teatro del Mondo, a small ephemeral floating theatre imagined by the Milanese architect Aldo Rossi for the revival of the Venetian carnival. The architecture is theorized as a re-presentation play that allows to make a symbol, a form referring to the events of our memories. It is then the combination of the construction games that is analyzed by observing the Fun Palace, this popular university dedicated to creativity, and designed by the British architect Cedric Price as a shipyard that can be infinitely reconfigured by its users. This subspecific kind of architecture is mapped by the diagram tool, which establishes a network of relationships to be updated by the interpretation play. The final essay focuses on the systemics of strategic games and examines the World Game of the American architect Richard Buckminster Fuller, a peaceful strategic simulation game that derived from the American Army’s war games to give Citizens of the world the joysticks of the «Earth» spacecraft. The associated creative operation it is that of making a map through the play of comprehension.The four illusions studied finally refer to four possible postures for the architect who can choose to combine them as he wants in the making of his projects. It is about giving him the reflexive tools that will help him develop his own architectural grammar. The author does not propose recipes for illusion, but he draws the outline of an ethical posture that requires to always go back to the free play in order to reset the rules of each project, guided by the desire of playing that creates the human being.

In this work I have been looking at three small everyday sites that can tell big and unexpected stories of how we live together. These sites appear unremarkable at first glance, but on a second look are filled with contradictions and conflicts of interest. I speculate that these marginalised sites operate like “architectural footnotes” helping break the tempo, rhythm and tone of the city while expanding the scope of the narrative beyond the local and specific reading. I’m interested in how we can make sense of the city and critique it in a meaningful way when it appears so fragmented and seems impossible to define in single terms. I have been testing different approaches ranging from surveying, counting, measuring and mapping, to model making, interviews, drawing, film-making and texts. I have been interested in how these diverse methods can help me understand the city in different ways and what they do when used together.In part one: A Fence I investigate a trend towards the increasing enclosure of private courtyard/gardens and the severing of established pathways that are incredibly important for navigating the area. This led to questioning how ground-floor habitation, different forms of tenure, and regulation, affects public access and passage in the area.In part two: A Drinking Fountain I attempted to map the defunct drinking fountains in Stockholm and trace the origin of their (ubiquitous) design. Instead of finding fountains, however, I found a vacuum of responsibility, and questions were raised around why some infrastructures are more important than others and how shared/societal needs seem to have been increasingly privatised. In part three: Some Planting I looked at a recently built area of “urban-community-farming” in the middle of local park. Here tensions between the public, private and common are brought to the fore, questioning how attempts towards more local and participatory democratic processes affect rights of access to, and use of, public spaces, around flexibility and durability, and how we balance short term demands with long term visions.When seen together these “footnotes” can describe a trend towards withdrawal of the state and municipality through the dismantling of infrastructures, deregulation and outsourcing, resulting in an increasingly individualistic and privatised city. This is perhaps unsurprising in itself, but the work that comes out of these sites has helped reveal (to me at least) some of the surprising ways in which this has happened and continues to do so (albeit in different forms) and how this affects the ways in which we inhabit the everyday city.

Climate change is an ongoing problem, and climate adaptation is high on the agenda. Climate adaptation is a global issue with local impacts, and it benefits from participatory planning. Participatory planning has lots of opportunities, but also some challenges, for example, that it requires time and resources. Getting minority groups involved can also be a challenge. This study aims to investigate the opportunities and challenges with digital storytelling as a method to amplify the voices of the community and create a mutual understanding of climate change and climate adaptation between the citizens, planners, and the county government, using the project Future Yetu as a case study. Interviews were conducted with key persons with different roles in the project, and a survey was sent to the digital storytelling workshop participants. The results show that there are many benefits to using digital storytelling; it can help balance out the inherent power structures in society, it creates greater engagement among the participants, the public can more easily relate and gain an increased understanding of the problems, and it creates a sense of togetherness among the residents. In Future Yetu, it has also led to several implementations, and dialogue with Nairobi City County has been started. Challenges with digital storytelling have also been identified. Access to technology and the ability to use it has proven to be the most common challenge, especially in developing countries. It has also been proved to be challenging to integrate digital storytelling into the regular planning process, mainly due to the personnel required. However, there are opportunities for organizations such as the Hope Raisers Initiative, which already has trained facilitators and the technology needed to offer the process as a service to support the work of the county and the policymakers. / Klimatförändringar är ett pågående problem över hela världen och alla människor påverkas, mer eller mindre. Särskilt utsatta för klimatförändringarnas effekter är människor som bor i informella områden. Kunskapen om både klimatförändringar och klimatanpassning måste öka bland invånarna, samtidigt som marginaliserade grupper får höras och vara med och påverka. Beslutsfattare och planerare behöver veta vilka problem som finns och vilka åtgärder som fungera i det specifika området. Deltagandeplanering blir mer och mer vanligt och används med fördel inom klimatanpassning. Klimatförändringarna är ett globalt problem, men effekterna sker lokalt och behöver åtgärdas utifrån den lokala kontextens förutsättningar. Ett problem när det gäller deltagandeplanering har varit att nå marginaliserade grupper, men deltagande metoder som används rätt kan ge dem möjlighet och förmåga att delta i planering och informera dem om vilka åtgärder de själva kan implementera tillsammans, för klimatanpassning och förändra samhället i rätt riktning.  Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka möjligheterna och utmaningarna med digital storytelling som metod för att förstärka samhällets röster och skapa en ömsesidig förståelse för klimatförändringar och klimatanpassning mellan medborgare, planerare och beslutsfattare. Projektet Future Yetu i Korogocho, Nairobi som genomförts av Hope Raisers Initiative används som en fallstudie. Syftet är också att skapa en guide för digital storytelling som ett verktyg för planering av klimatanpassning som kan användas i andra delar av Nairobi eller andra städer och länder.  Intervjuer och en enkätundersökning har genomförts med olika personer som varit delaktiga i projektet Future Yetu. Resultaten visar att det finns många fördelar med att använda digital storytelling, bland annat kan det hjälpa till att balansera ut de inneboende maktstrukturerna i samhället, då alla använder samma språk för att kommunicera inom digital storytelling. Andra fördelar är att det skapar större engagemang bland deltagarna, allmänheten kan lättare relatera och få en ökad förståelse för problemen och det skapar en känsla av gemenskap bland invånarna. I projektet Future Yetu har det även lett till en rad implementeringar och att en dialog med Nairobi City County har påbörjats. Det finns även en del utmaningar med digital storytelling. Tekniken är det som har visat sig vara den vanligaste utmaningen, både tillgång till den och förmågan att använda den, speciellt i utvecklingsländer. Det har även visat sig svårt att integrera digital storytelling i den vanliga planeringsprocessen, främst på grund av personalåtgången. Dock finns det möjligheter för organisationer som till exempel Hope Raisers Initiativ, som redan har utbildad personal och tekniken som krävs att erbjuda processen som en service för att stötta beslutsfattarnas arbete.

As the world urbanizes, many rural areas are facing continued depopulation. Despite these shrinking trends there remains a growth-paradigm within planning. This warrants investigating how to plan for shrinkage, and the difficult decisions that follow, such as dismantlement or restructuring of services. The aim of this thesis is to investigate experiences of planners working with depopulation, understanding the role of dialogue in rural shrinking municipalities in Sweden. The study researches the implications of rural shrinkage on participatory approaches to planning, and how citizen dialogue for shrinkage can be applied in a rural context.   Interviews were conducted with eight planners in rural Swedish municipalities. These revealed themes of a connected society, the role of citizen engagement and community, importance of clarity and early involvement in dialogues on sensitive issues and objective of information exchange in dialogues, and lastly the complexity of shrinkage characterised by a persisting growth-focus. This thesis suggests that shrinking rural municipalities in Sweden should take a more accepting view on shrinkage. They should aim for continuous, place-based and open citizen dialogues and close cooperation with community groups and networks in planning. The familiar nature of dialogues should be utilized, whilst it should be considered and counteracted that some groups may be excluded in these informal settings. Promoting co-production and shared responsibility of issues, they should aim to facilitate and harness the power and drive of the community whilst navigating complex social relationships.

The global aim of this research is to postulate a spatial development paradigm for regional integration in developing countries - more specifically, the research prospects to conceptualize form-based spatial planning theory for Africa. This was considered necessary on two grounds: first, the need for spatial regional integration as panacea for economic growth, and second the resilience of formal planning in the context of a neo-liberal paradigm shift in planning for economic growth. The research in essence strives to reconsider formal planning in an attempt to articulate an appropriate planning paradigm for the delivery of spatial regional integration within spatial systems in developing economies. In view of the foregoing the resilience of form-based planning paradigm informs the research. Hence the research sets out with the null hypothesis that form-based planning attributes are not significantly resilient in the perception of planning initiatives in the African context. The research methodology involved a relevant literature survey vis-à-vis theoretical and analytical frameworks as well as desktop case studies of selected country profiles and planning initiatives and then an empirical case study of integrated development planning (IDP) initiatives in South Africa. Following six sets of analysis, the research established compliance with a neo-liberal planning paradigm in Africa; however, it disproved the null hypothesis. The neo-liberal planning initiatives were found to be unable to deliver integrated development. Thus a change in development ideology to neo-mercantilism is recommended as a strategic move to redirect attention from private profitability to nation-building vis-à-vis spatial integration. Neo-mercantilism is therefore deployed as thinking instrument for a neo-mercantile planning paradigm postulated to deliver spatial regional integration in developing economies. The neo-mercantile planning paradigm which seeks spatio-physical bases of integration adopts integrated planning operationalized with spatial integration plans (SIPs) and thematic integration plans (TIPs) instruments. These instruments are designed to establish spatial integration networks. The networking of the spatial systems requires the grading of infrastructure and the classification of cities. While administrative criteria are used to determine the former, the latter is proposed to be conducted with a “Time-efficient” coefficient, an innovative unit with which “Time-efficient effect” of cities as centres of commerce can be measured. This coefficient contributes to the growth of regional development theories from a spatio-physical perspective. Furthermore, the research contributes a neo-mercantile spatial model for urban region development. The modality of applying the new paradigm in Africa is modelled to integrate the status quo given requisite visionary mind-set and abundant political will. The model adopts the sequence of securing a neo-mercantile planning paradigm, followed by the identification of priority problems, the articulation of a vision statement and then objectives set to achieve spatial regional integration. Present actions were assessed and new action cards proposed, based on priorities for action drawn from priority problems in Africa. The proposed action cards were regrouped into a typology of actions to aid implementation strategies. The strategies made provision for institutional requirements and implementation processes, manpower requirements, financial mechanisms, legal reforms and monitoring measures. The implementation process summarized with a calendar of the action plan for spatial regional integration in Africa. / PhD (Urban and Regional Planning), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015