Doctor Educationis / Health professionals worldwide are currently inadequately trained to address the health issues of communities, particularly in developing countries where there are major health disparities. This study argues for an alternative and more appropriate education, one which would better prepare future health professionals to address these needs. The study draws attention to how the University of the Western Cape (UWC) responded to preparing its health professional graduates to better meet the needs of South African society. The thesis explores the rationale for a shift in health professions education to one which supports service-learning, locating the study within the broader developments in higher education within South Africa. The specific aim of this thesis was to evaluate a community-based interdisciplinary health promotion course offered to the undergraduate health sciences students from the faculties of Community and Health Sciences and Dentistry at the University of the Western Cape (UWC). It focused on evaluating the perceived effectiveness and the impact on the stakeholders of the Interdisciplinary Health Promotion course, with the aim of developing an appropriate framework to guide the teaching of health promotion at higher education institutions in South Africa. Ten primary schools in three disadvantaged communities in the Western Cape were used as the health promotion settings for the Interdisciplinary Health Promotion course. The study design was a program evaluation that used the explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. An evaluation matrix was developed, consisting of three core concepts (curriculum, community-based learning, and university-school collaboration) against which the course was evaluated. Indicators and criteria were developed for each core concept. Questionnaires were distributed to all the stakeholders, that is, the university students, the lecturers, the supervisors, and the school educators, involved in the Interdisciplinary Health Promotion Course during 2006. Focus group discussions with the stakeholders were also conducted at the UWC campus and in the Delft community. There was a good response from all the stakeholders who participated in the study (students (72.4%), lecturers (85%), supervisors (100%), and school educators (71.5%)). A main finding of the study was that the Interdisciplinary Health Promotion course was relevant and up-to-date with developments in the field of health promotion. Course topics were dealt with in sufficient depth and the assignments were clear, specific, and related to the course outcomes. The interdisciplinary teaching and learning approach allowed the university students to learn and develop a better understanding of the roles and contributions that the various professions played in health promotion in a community. The course was perceived as having been of value to all the stakeholders and having a positive impact on the schools. The findings revealed that the health promotion projects implemented in the schools helped the university students to learn how to plan, implement and evaluate a project in a community setting. Furthermore, the findings suggest that the schools offered an ideal placement for university students to learn about health promotion and its application. In addressing a concern about the course not making any meaningful long-term impact on the schools and the surrounding communities, the study showed that it is important to revisit the current teaching and learning approach of the Interdisciplinary Health Promotion course. It revealed that service-learning as an alternative to the field education approach would facilitate a closer relationship between theoretical and practical knowledge, where the practical application was translated into a service that met the needs of a community. The study further revealed that the collaboration model between the university and the school also needed to be reconceptualized, to include all the stakeholders as well as their needs concerning health promotion in the schools. It was recommended that the Health Promoting School framework should be seen as the overarching framework for the sustainability of school-based health promotion. In conclusion, this study showed that the recognition and establishment of university-community partnerships and reliance upon them in the educational process would provide many new opportunities for relevant and meaningful health professional education and training. These efforts would contribute to improving the quality of higher education delivered to students, thereby ensuring their competency to better meet the needs of the communities they will serve.

Med bakgrund av de satsningar som görs på Sveriges civila försvar och beredskap samt trenden av offentlig-privat samverkan för samhällssäkerhet, undersöker den här pilotstudien hur sju svenska kommuner samverkar med privata aktörer inom krisberedskap- och hantering. Studien utgår ifrån ett principal-agentperspektiv där kommunen är principal och privata aktörer är agent. Genom sju semistrukturerade informantintervjuer med säkerhetschefer på Haninge, Huddinge, Nacka, Norrtälje, Salem, Solna och Värmdö kommun undersöks former för samverkan samt om det uppstår några principal-agentproblem i samverkan med privata aktörer. Analysen görs genom kvalitativ tematisk textanalys på det transkriberade materialet och finner att samverkan med privata aktörer i kommunerna befinner sig i en uppstartsfas och att det finns utvecklingspotential. Formerna för samverkan är informell och dialogbaserad. Några principal-agentproblem kan inte beläggas vilket kan härledas till formerna för samverkan samt att de intervjuade kommunerna nyligen kommit igång med samverkansarbetet.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Local government in South Africa is an autonomous policy implementation arm of the government system. The purpose of this study was to examine the institutional, organisational, and human resource capacity challenges the Saldanha Bay and Swellendam Municipalities in the Western Cape faced in their policy implementation especially on poverty alleviation. The objectives of the study were to develop a theoretical framework for examining institutional, organisational and human resource capacity in the Saldanha Bay and Swellendam Municipalities; to discuss the local government constitutional, legislative and policy framework within which the Saldanha Bay and Swellendam Municipalities delivered services to communities; to examine the capacity challenges in the service delivery of the Saldanha Bay and Swellendam Municipalities and, thereby, highlight operational problem areas; and to make general policy recommendations on the basis of the research findings of the study. The methodology used was the case-study approach. It allowed an in-depth understanding of the dynamics present within Saldanha Bay and Swellendam municipality. The methodology enabled the researcher to answer the research question: In what ways, and with what results has institutional, organisational and human resource capacity affected service delivery in the Saldanha Bay and Swellendam Municipalities in the Western Cape? The major findings of the study were that local government capacity for policy implementation is directly influenced by the presence or otherwise of institutional, organisational and human resource capacity. These dimensions of capacity are mutually inclusive, independent and interrelated in practice. The study makes several policy recommendations. In the area of institutional capacity the recommendations were that floor-crossing legislation and practices must be done away with; that weak capacitated municipalities ought to be alleviated by public - private partnerships as a mechanism to enhance a municipality's ability to develop and implement policy; and that instead of solely setting standards and monitoring performance, the provincial treasury should assist municipalities to acquire financial competencies. In the area of organisational capacity it was recommended that the community ought to participate in the recruitment and selection committee of the Municipal Manager. It was also recommended that municipalities should establish district-wide forums for financial heads whose purpose would be to create a platform for collaboration, and for the exchange of ideas. And in the area of human resource capacity it was recommended that district municipalities ought to assume a more prominent role in building the capacity of the local authorities with which they share legislative and administrative powers. It was also recommended that both the administrative and political leadership ought to participate in compulsory executive and/or leadership training programmes SALGA implements through some tertiary educational institutions and/or through private service providers.

Det senaste decenniet har fokus riktats mot hur vi med gemensamma åtaganden kan bidra till ett mer hållbart samhälle. En del i utvecklingen handlar om att främja mer hållbara konsumtionsmönster, där det nationella programmet Sharing Cities Sweden finansierar olika delningsprojekt som ska hjälpa invånarna dela mer och konsumera mindre. Inom Sharing Cities Sweden har konceptet Smarta Kartan utvecklats genom ett idéburet offentligt partnerskap mellan den ideella föreningen Kollaborativ Ekonomi Göteborg och Göteborgs stad. Smarta Kartan är en digital tjänst som visualiserar delningsinitiativ i en stad, där målet är att öka deltagandet i delningsekonomin och främja en växande delningskultur. Umeå är en av testbäddarna inom Sharing Cities Sweden som under 2020 planerar att lansera sin egen version av kartan. Med Coompanion Nord som huvudansvarig vill Umeå identifiera hur olika aktörer kan organiseras och samverka för kartan. Denna uppsats skrivs därför på uppdrag av Coompanion Nord. Studiens huvudsakliga syfte är att ge förslag på hur den digitala delningstjänsten Smarta Kartan bör organiseras i Umeå genom samverkan mellan olika aktörer. Genom att kartlägga olika aktörers förväntningar, attityder samt behov ska studien presentera konkreta förslag på hur delningstjänsten kan drivas. Studien ska även bidra till ökade insikter för hur Umeå Kommun kan främja arbetet med delningsekonomi baserat på olika aktörers involvering och roller. Vidare är syftet att skapa en förståelse över hur andra städer arbetat med Smarta Kartan och ge vägledning inför framtiden. Med detta som utgångspunkt har studien utgått från följande centrala frågeställning: Hur kan Smarta Kartan organiseras för att bli framgångsrik? Den teoretiska referensramen inkluderar studier på partnerskap, motivation, plattformar, nätverk, ekosystem och roller. Baserat på tidigare forskning skapades tre teman som har varit vägledande för vår studie: (1) Partnerskap & samverkan, (2) Rollfördelning & ansvar samt (3) Potential till att stimulera delning i en stad. Vi har utgått från en kvalitativ ansats där åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts med representanter från Umeå, Göteborg, Malmö, Karlstad och Sjuhärad, som alla är i olika faser i arbetet med kartan. Det empiriska materialet bidrar med förväntningar, lärdomar och erfarenheter och beskriver hur städerna arbetat med kartan på olika sätt. Därtill identifieras gemensamma möjligheter och utmaningar som berör tid, finansiering, motivation och engagemang. Våra slutsatser visar att organiseringen av arbetet med kartan måste baseras på en stads lokala förutsättningar. Därtill behöver kunskap och kännedom om delningsekonomi och Smarta Kartan öka i samhället. För Umeå innebär detta att kommunen bör ta en aktiv roll för att engagera ideella krafter och identifiera potentiella individer eller organisationer som vill överta en del av arbetet med kartan. Med våra rekommendationer som vägledning finns utsikter för att kartan blir framgångsrik, vilket leder till att kommunen i ett senare skede kan anamma en mer stöttande roll.

This study is an initial attempt to investigate the relationship between banks and developers in Stockholm and its regions. It gives a good impression about the field of construction and project developments in terms of the finance and the negotiations associated with these types of projects. Main actors of the Stockholm’s construction financing market were of major interest for this study. On this regard, the relationships and ramifications of this group were investigated by using a qualitative and quantitative research method. The aim of the study was to analyze the attitudes of banks and developers, their partnerships and individual expectations. This empirical study was conducted between January and April 2015. In order to give a brief overview of the construction market in Stockholm, the study starts with an explanation of different characteristics and unique features of the real estate and construction field. Based on this, the study continues with a detailed presentation of the financing process with its loan terms, negotiations and regulations. In a subsequent chapter, the risk part within construction will be emphasized and explained. The theory part of the study closes with an exposition of the transaction cost theory and strategy as well as with a portrayal of the decision-making process of banks and developers in a construction project, the different types of partnerships and the according advantages and disadvantages. While keeping the above listed aspects in mind, all study participants were asked for their opinion on partnerships between banks and developers. In general, the study results prove the existence of a significant interest in partnerships between banks and developers. For both parties, a close relationship provides many benefits like a lower time-consumption or smoother loan negotiations. However, the following analysis also shows that due to reserved attitudes and a low interest of banks to change their investment strategies in construction and development projects, it seems very difficult to meet the full expectations of both parties on a level where both sides would agree on entering a strategic partnership. / Den här studien är ett inledande försök i att undersöka förhållandet mellan banker och byggföretag i Stockholm och dess tillhörande närområden. Den ger en god överblick i byggande och byggprojekt, framförallt när det kommer till finansiering och förhandlingar associerade med byggprojekt. Huvudintressenterna i studien var de största aktörerna på Stockholms bygg- och finansieringsområde. Dessa grupper undersöktes med hjälp av både en kvalitativ och en kvantitativ metod med mål att analysera deras attityder, partnerskap och individuella förväntningar på närmare sammarbeten. För att ge en bra överblick av byggbranschen i Stockholm så inleds studien med en förklaring av karaktärsdrag hos fastigheter och byggande. Studien fortsätter sedan med en mer detaljerad redovisning av finansieringsprocessen och dess lånevillkor, förhandlingar och regelverk. Sedan i följande avsnitt så presenteras och förklaras de risker som kan kopplas till byggande. Teoridelen av studien avslutas med en utläggning av en teori kring transaktionskostnader, relevanta strategier, en skildring av beslutsfattande av banker och byggföretag samt olika sorter av partnerskap och dess tillhörande för- och nackdelar. Med teorin i bakhuvudet så ställdes aktörer på marknaden frågor om vad de anser kring partnerskap mellan banker och byggföretag. Sammanfattningsvis, studiens resultat visar på ett tydligt intresse av partnerskap mellan banker och byggföretag. För både banker och byggföretag så genererar ett nära sammarbete många fördelar så som kortare projekt med smidigare förhandlingar. Dock så visar analysen att på grund av återhållsamma attityder och ett begränsat intresse från banker att ändra på sin investeringsstrategi kopplat till byggprojekt så verkar det svårt att uppfylla de förväntningar som de båda parterna har på ett partnerskap dem emellan.

A shift has occurred in the traditional type of centralised government control to a more multilevel type of governing referred to as governance. The change from government to governance can be illustrated with an emphasis on networks and social capital enhancement. In higher education this is enveloped through a larger emphasis on institutionalisation of collaboration between the higher education institutions (HEI) and the surrounding environment. In lieu of large block grants come financial incentives through semi-governmental agencies embracing collaboration projects between industry and HEI as well as municipalities.` This licentiate thesis objective is to study the collaboration task’s practical implication on undergraduate education in terms of social capital enhancement and research and teaching links. This is reported in two articles that elaborate on social capital establishment through a policy program and whether policy programs focusing on research collaborations also have an effect on undergraduate education by improving research and teaching links. In general, the findings of this thesis indicate that semi-governmental policy programs have a positive effect on establishing new social capital between regional HEI, industry and municipalities, and that semi-governmentally financed research profiles also have a positive effect on undergraduate education by introducing a link to research outside and within the HEI. / QC 20110117

Bakgrund: Startupföretag bidrar i dagens samhälle med flertalet innovationer, vilket storföretag kan ta del av genom öppen innovation. När företagen samarbetar med varandra kan parterna tillsammans främja innovation och ta del av ny kunskap. Startupföretag får hjälp med kommersialisering av affärsidén och storföretag kan behålla sin marknadsposition genom användningen av ny teknik. På grund av den stora asymmetrin organisationerna emellan är det av intresse att ge en förklaring för vad som påverkar en affär mellan startupföretag och storföretag, för att möjliggöra fler lyckade samarbeten.  Syfte: Syftet med studien är att utifrån startupföretags perspektiv undersöka faktorer som påverkar en lyckad affär mellan startupföretag och storföretag inom högteknologiska branscher.  Metod: Studien utfördes med en kvantitativ metod där empirin samlats in med hjälp av enkäter via en tvärsnittsdesign. Vidare har studien utgått från det positivistiska perspektivet där en deduktiv ansats använts. En hierarkisk logistisk regressionsanalys genomfördes för att analysera hur tidigare erfarenhet av storföretag, matchad via stödfunktion, avtalsdesign, förtroende, kommunikation, indirekta värden och direkta värden samvarierar med en lyckad affär mellan storföretag och startupföretag.  Slutsats: Studiens resultat visar att ökad omsättning, avtalsdesign, tidigare erfarenhet av kontraktering, stödfunktioner, kostnadseffektivitet och indirekta värden har ett statistiskt signifikant samband med lyckad affär. Ökad omsättning, ett detaljerat avtal, tidigare erfarenhet av kontraktering och matchning via stödfunktion ökar sannolikheten för en lyckad affär. När vikt läggs vid kostnadseffektivitet och indirekta värden minskar sannolikheten att affären blir lyckad. Genom att ta studiens faktorer i beaktning kan både startupföretag och storföretag öka sannolikheten att det blir en lyckad affär. / Background: Startups contribute in today's society with multiple innovations, which large companies can take part of through open innovation. By collaborating, both companies can enhance innovation and take part of new knowledge. Startups receive help with the commercialization of their business idea and large companies can keep their market position through the use of new technology. Due to the large asymmetry between the organisations, it is of interest to create a broader explanation of what affects the deal between startups and large companies, in order to enable more successful collaboration.  Purpose: The purpose of the study is to examine different factors that affect a successful deal between startups and large companies in high-tech industries from the startup perspective.  Methodology: The study used a quantitative research method where the empirical data has been collected by questionnaires. The study is based on a positivist philosophical standpoint with a deductive approach. A hierarchical logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze how the factors previous experience with large companies, matched by a support function, contract design, trust, personal chemistry, communication, indirect values and direct values affects the deal between large companies and startups.  Analysis and conclusion: The result of the study shows that increased revenue, contract design, previous experience of contracting, support functions, cost efficiency and indirect values have a statistically significant correlation with a successful deal. Increased revenue, a detailed contract, previous experience of contracting and matched by a support function increases the probability to perform a successful deal. When focus shifts to cost efficiency and indirect values, the probability of the deal being successful decreases. By taking the factors into account, both startups and large companies can increase the probability that it will be a successful deal.

Por medio del Decreto Supremo Nº 410-2015-EF, el cual aprobó el Reglamento del Decreto Legislativo Nº 1224, Decreto Legislativo que regula la Promoción de la Inversión Privada mediante Asociaciones Público-Privadas (en adelante, las APP’s) y Proyectos en Activos (actualmente derogado) se incorporó a las optimizaciones en el marco normativo nacional referido a la ejecución de contrato de APP. El mencionado mecanismo ha vuelto a ser considerado dentro del Decreto Legislativo N° 1362 y su reglamento aprobado por Decreto Supremo N° 240-2018-EF. Así, las optimizaciones se incorporaron como un mecanismo para realizar cambios a determinadas obligaciones establecidas en los contratos de APP. No obstante, se ha apreciado que dichas optimizaciones presentan una regulación confusa, la cual ha generado confusiones y discordancias respecto de en su correcta ejecución y, por ende, el desarrollo de las obligaciones establecidas en los contratos; ello se aprecia por ejemplo en el caso específico del Contrato de Concesión de la Línea 2 del Metro de Lima. Por lo tanto, por medio del presente trabajo de investigación se planteará una propuesta de regulación de las optimizaciones, la cual tiene por finalidad que estas se vuelvan una herramienta que permita mejorar su aplicación en los contratos de APP. / Through the promulgation of Supreme Decree 410-2015-EF, which approved the Regulation of Legislative Decree No. 1224, Legislative Decree that regulates the Promotion of Private Investment through Public-Private Partnerships and Projects in Assets was incorporated into the optimizations in the national regulatory framework referred to the execution of the PPP contract. The mentioned mechanism has been considered again in Legislative Decree No. 1362 and its regulations approved through Supreme Decree No. 240-2018-EF. Thus, the optimizations were incorporated as a mechanism to make changes to certain obligations established in the PPP contracts. However, it has been appreciated that these present incoherent regulations, which damages their correct execution and, therefore, the development of the established obligations; This has been seen in the specific case of the Concession Contract for Line 2 of the Lima Metro. Therefore, by means of this research work, a proposal for the regulation of optimizations will be proposed, it is intended that they become a tool to improve their application in PPP contracts. / Tesis

The poor in South Africa encounter many obstacles that impact negatively on their wellbeing. These include high rates of unemployment and a lack of financial and material resources. The poor living in informal settlements dwell in conditions that have an adverse impact on family health, due to malnutrition and food insecurity. Post 1994, many poverty alleviation programmes, including the Integrated Food and Nutrition Programme (IFNP) sought to improve the lives of the poor. The objective of the IFNP was to address poverty in Kungwini by increasing household food and income to enable poor households to attain a better standard of living. The purpose of this research is to evaluate whether the IFNP had achieved its objective to reduce poverty in Kungwini and whether programme implementation was effective. Social development, a process of planned social change to promote the well-being of the population, including economic development, formed the theoretical base for the research study. Social development aims to link the promotion of human welfare and economic development, and to make development socially relevant. Policies and programmes such as the IFNP aim to enhance people’s welfare and contribute to economic development. The literature study included the impact of global and national poverty on poor households in terms of poverty levels and unemployment. Gender discrimination and the social marginalization of vulnerable groups which include children, the youth, the aged and the disabled poor, social justice for the poor and the gap between the formal and informal sectors informed the research process. The crucial need for collaborative partnerships to address poverty issues is stressed, including the involvement of the poor in policy processes that impact on their wellbeing and the importance of reviewing policy implementation processes through regular programme evaluation. Poverty challenges include skills development for employment; food security; and policy reforms to ensure effective service delivery. Appropriate skills development should be identified in consultation with the poor. It is imperative that policy makers are equipped with adequate policy development skills to develop stakeholder participation. Efficient communication between relevant departments and community organisations will maintain the collaborative partnership. Public policy implementation and project management remain inter-dependent processes. Public poverty policies are based on the specific Department’s focus. Consequently, fragmented services are rendered by various public sectors, targeting the similar beneficiaries. The IFNP is evaluated against essential policy requirements to create an enabling service delivery environment and programme coordination. This includes good governance, transparency, public participation, and sustainable policy implementation. Achieving a balance between effective service delivery; adequate resources, and efficient monitoring and evaluation processes highlight the principles of successful poverty policies. Evaluation research with a combined qualitative and quantitative research approach was utilized to gather data to evaluate the impact of the IFNP to reduce poverty in Kungwini. The collective case study design was used for the qualitative research and data was collected through focus group interviews. A questionnaire was the data collection method for the quantitative research. The research results indicated that the IFNP’s objective to address poverty in Kungwini required interactive participation from relevant departments and community organisations. The collaborative partnership is essential to address poverty effectively. Research findings include the need to equip the poor with relevant skills for the job market, or to develop their own businesses. Youth mentoring is essential to enable the youth to pursue future goals. Small scale farmers should be trained with improved farming methods. Access to financial institutions and trading markets would improve the economic circumstances of the informal sector. Collaborative partnerships with a range of stakeholders, including the poor, would ensure effective service delivery through shared responsibilities. Service delivery should be based on achievable goals and effective communication strategies. Public policy developers require adequate policy development knowledge and policy implementation skills to ensure cost-effective policy processes. The research recommendations indicate that the Integrated Model is more cost effective than the Organizational Model to reduce poverty as it includes stakeholder involvement in policy development and policy advocacy. Maintaining communication between relevant departments and community organizations remain key policy requirements. Ensuring personnel training in practical project management skills is an essential policy necessity. Appropriate skills development should be identified in consultation with the poor. Efficient communication between relevant departments and community organizations will maintain the collaborative partnership. Policy implementation processes should be regularly reviewed to address policy constraints. Personnel training include policy and practical project management skills to ensure transparency and cost-effective service delivery. Addressing policy constraints through alternative policy options will ensure programmes are on track to achieve policy goals and objectives. / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

Researchers have emphasized the importance of parental involvement in ensuring the educational success of children. Despite the recognized value, some stakeholders continue to struggle to leverage and sustain this partnership, which may encumber students' success. The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the factors influencing parental involvement in Jamaican high schools. This qualitative case study sought to unearth the motivational factors influencing parental involvement within a climate of educational accountability in Jamaican high schools. Grounded in Epstein's school-family-community partnership model, this study unearthed some of the differences and similarities of parental involvement within high schools that were described as high and under performing schools and what informed those differences. Sixteen participants from 4 high schools were interviewed using a semistructured interview guide. The data were analyzed thematically and interpreted against Epstein's theory. The findings of this study indicated that all stakeholders in a child's education had mutual interests and influences and an expressed desired to increase their involvement. The motivational factors driving their involvement varied from policies, beliefs, benefits, and personal challenges; parental involvement also differed in quality and quantity across schools and requires creativity in design for greater involvement, accountability, and impact. The strategic utility of these findings can assist in the creation of the home support engagements needed to remove the constraints impeding students and wider school success, thereby guiding students into successful directions, which is the epitome of social change.