Dissertação(mestrado)-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Ambiental, Instituto de Educação, 2009. / Submitted by eloisa silva (eloisa1_silva@yahoo.com.br) on 2012-08-16T18:18:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marisol prado silva.pdf: 2170205 bytes, checksum: 8699e2f9b10684ec43292baebfd636f8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Bruna Vieira(bruninha_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2012-08-20T20:46:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marisol prado silva.pdf: 2170205 bytes, checksum: 8699e2f9b10684ec43292baebfd636f8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-08-20T20:46:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marisol prado silva.pdf: 2170205 bytes, checksum: 8699e2f9b10684ec43292baebfd636f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Este trabalho, intitulado A Perspectiva Rogeriana para a Educação Ambiental Não- Formal através do acompanhamento de uma experiência, tem por objetivo tentar estabelecer uma articulação da abordagem centrada na pessoa com a Educação Ambiental não-formal. Em virtude disso, temos como hipótese que os fundamentos teóricos do psicólogo norteamericano Carl Rogers, especialmente no que tange a sua abordagem centrada na pessoa, aplicada tanto no universo clínico quanto no campo da educação, contribuem como ferramentas para a educação ambiental. Nesse sentido, estamos acompanhando os trabalhos desenvolvidos pela Unidade de Educação Ambiental da Secretaria Municipal de Meio Ambiente da cidade do Rio Grande, dentro do projeto Patrulha Ambiental Mirim e, mais particularmente, a monitora responsável pela atividade A Hora do Conto, a educadora ambiental Maria Auxiliadora dos Santos Lima. A justificativa para esta pesquisa deu-se quando, ao estudar o projeto, percebemos que esta atividade, embora meritória, operava em uma perspectiva tradicional de ensino. Para tanto utilizamos como metodologia a pesquisa bibliográfica, entrevistas registradas em fitas de áudio e transcritas com os responsáveis pelo Projeto Patrulha Ambiental Mirim e de Idosos, análise de documentos e relatórios produzidos pela Secretaria, além de nossa intervenção nas atividades aplicadas, e acompanhamento do projeto nos anos de 2007 e 2008. Embasamos esta pesquisa nos principais conceitos da Abordagem Centrada na Pessoa, de Carl Rogers, nos conceitos de Meio Ambiente e Educação Ambiental de Marcos Reigota, e em algumas categorias de educação ambiental como alteridade, construção do conhecimento, cardápio de aprendizagem, currículo e pertencimento. Um dos resultados desta pesquisa foi a elaboração de um livro de literatura infantil como ferramenta pedagógica para o ensino de Educação Ambiental. / This study called The Rogerian Perspective to the Non-Formal Environmental Education, by means of following an experiment, aims at establishing an articulation of the person-centered approach with the non-formal Environmental Education. As a hypothesis, we can say that the Theoretical premises of the American psycologist Carl Rogers, especially in what relates to its approach centered in the person applied not only in the clinical universe but also in the field of education contribute as tolls to the Environmental Education. In this way, we are following the work carried out by the Environmental Education Unity of the city of Rio Grande, linked to the Project Small and Elderly Environmental Patrol, and more particulary to the monitor in charge of the activity Time for Tale, the environmental educator Maria Auxiliadora dos Santos Lima. The justification for this research happened while we were studying the Project and we noticed that the activity, although meritable, was operating on a traditional teaching perspective. As methodology, we used bibliographic research, audiorecorded interviews that were transcribed with the people responsible for the Project Small and Elderly Environmental Patrol, document analysys and reports produced by the Secretary, our intervention in the applied activies during 2007 and 2008. This research was based on the principal concepts of the Person Centered Approach of Carl Rogers, on the Environment and Environmental Education of Marcos Reigota and some categories of environmental education, such as otherness, knowledge building, learning menu, curriculum and sense of belonging. One of the results of this research was the making of a children literature book as a pedagogical tool to the teaching of Environmental Education.

Bakgrund: Det finns idag tydliga signaler om att hälso- och sjukvården ska ge en personcentrerad vård till samhällets individer.  Det finns även en önskan att öka möjligheten för patienten att vara delaktig i sin vård. En personcentrerad vård kan ge möjlighet för patienten att bli medskapare och inte enbart mottagare av vård. Syftet: Förbättringsarbetets syfte var att öka patientens möjlighet till delaktighet genom att implementera patientberättelse och hälsoplan. Studiens syfte är att synliggöra medarbetarnas erfarenheter av att arbeta med patientberättelsen och hälsoplanen samt patientdelaktighet i vården.  Metod: Förbättringsarbetet genomfördes med stöd av Nolans förbättringsmodell samt kartläggning av enheten utfördes med hjälp av 5P. De idéer som testades var införande av patientberättelse och dokumenterad hälsoplan. Datainsamling till studien gjordes med intervjuer av sex medarbetare som analyserats med kvalitativ innehållsanalys.  Resultat: Andelen patienter som angav att de var delaktiga i den utsträckning de önskar i vården på avdelningen, ökade från 77% till 95% vilket kan ses som ett positiv effekt på patientdelaktighet. I den kvalitativa innehållsanalysen identifierades tre kategorier: patientens vård, kommunikation samt organisationen och arbetssätt, där både möjligheter och hinder kunde ses.  Slutsats: Personcentrerad vård ökar möjligheten för patienten att vara delaktig i sin vård på en akutkirurgisk vårdavdelning. / Background: There are clear signals that health care should provide person-centered care for the citizens. There is also a wish to increase the possibility for the patient to be involved in their care. The person-centered care can provide an opportunity for the patient to become co-creators and not only recipients of care. Purpose: The purpose of the improvement work was to increase the patient's opportunity for participation by implementing patient narrative and care plan. The purpose of the study is to make visible the employees' experience of working with the patient narrative and care plan to create patient participation.  Method: The improvement work was implemented with the support of Nolan's improvement model and 5P was used to assess the unit. The ideas tested were the introduction of a patient narrative and a documented care plan. Data collection for the study was conducted with interviews of six employees and analyzed with qualitative content analysis.  Results: The proportion of patients who felt that they had participated in the decisions regarding their care/treatment on the ward to the extent they wanted, increased from 77% to 95%, that can be seen as a positive effect on patient participation. The qualitative content analysis of interviews with employees was identified in three categories: the patient's care, knowledge/communication and organization/working methods where both facilitators and barriers could be seen. Conclusion: Person-centered care increases the possibility for the patient to participate in their care in an emergency surgical ward.

Bakgrund: Patienter med psykisk ohälsa har en högre överdödlighet i fysiska sjukdomar jämfört med populationen i stort. Dessa individer drabbas oftare av somatiska problem då denna patientgrupp har en sjukdomsbörda som är förknippad med en större förekomst av primära beteendemässiga risker för kronisk sjukdom förorsakade av levnadsvanor och livsstil. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa specialistsjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att stödja hälsofrämjande livsstilsförändringar hos patienter i psykiatrisk öppenvård. Metod: Kvalitativ metod med induktiv ansats har använts. Datamaterialet har analyserats med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Psykiatrisjuksköterskor inom vuxenpsykiatrisk öppenvård har intervjuats i Region Skåne. Nio stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts. Resultat: Resultaten visar på följande kategorier: vikten av en bärande relation, betydelsen av kompetens och resurser samt nödvändigheten av riktlinjer och verktyg. Slutsats: Genom att bygga en allians och skapa en mellanmänsklig relation med patienten utformas strategier för motivation till livsstilsförändringar där patientens egna resurser främjas. Från sjuksköterskornas sida efterfrågas det ett mer strukturerat arbetssätt för att säkerhetsställa patientens rättighet till likvärdig vård bland annat genom att arbeta fram ett gemensamt verktyg för det hälsofrämjande arbetet gällande livsstilsförändringar. / Background: Patients with mental illness have a higher mortality rate from physical illnesses compared to the general population. These individuals are more likely to suffer from somatic problems as this patient group has a disease burden that is associated with a greater incidence of primary behavioral risks of chronic disease caused by poor lifestyle. Aim: The aim of this study was to shed light the master level mental health nurse's experiences of supporting health-promoting lifestyle changes for patients in psychiatric outpatient services. Method: Qualitative method with inductive approach has been used. The data material has been analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Psychiatric nurses in adult psychiatric outpatient care have been interviewed in Region Skåne. Nine semi-structured interviews were conducted. Results: The results show the following categories: the importance of a core relationship, the importance of skills and resources and the necessity ofguidelines and tools. Conclusion: By building an alliance and creating an interpersonal relationship with the patient shapes strategies for motivation for lifestyle changes where the patient's own resources are promoted. The nurses demand a more structured way of working to ensure the patient's right to equal care, among other things by working out a common tool for the health-promoting work regarding lifestyle changes.

Bakgrund: För att vården av patienter med demenssjukdom ska uppnå en god kvalité bör den utgå från personcentrerad vård. I den personcentrerade vården läggs fokus på personen bakom sjukdomen, där sjuksköterskan individanpassar vården efter patientens behov. Enligt lagar och riktlinjer, bör vårdpersonal tillgodose en god vård som är grundad på respekt för självbestämmande, delaktighet samt integritet. Däremot upplever inte alltid patienter och anhöriga att personcentrerad vård tillämpas. Syfte: att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda patienter med demenssjukdom utifrån ett personcentrerat arbetssätt i olika vårdkontext. Metod: kvalitativ, systematisk litteraturstudie med beskrivande syntes enligt Evans. Resultat: det framkom två teman och fem subteman. Första temat blev Relationella utmaningar, följt av subteman: Att se hela patienten, Att skapa relationer och Att individanpassa vården. Det andra temat blev Organisationella utmaningar, följt av subteman: Att förhålla sig till kunskap och Att relatera till arbetsmiljön. Slutsats: sjuksköterskor belyser vikten av att se hela patienten genom att ta del av patientens livsberättelse, skapa relationer, och slutligen att individanpassa vården för att tillgodose personcentrerad vård. De erfor även att arbetsmiljön försvårade tillämpningen av personcentrerad vård.

Bakgrund: Oro och ångest är vanligt förekommande hos äldre personer på särskilda boenden. Psykofarmaka är en vanlig behandling vid oro och ångest hos äldre personer och behandlingen kan leda till negativa effekter.  Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att använda omvårdnadsåtgärder vid oro och ångest i vårdandet av äldre personer på särskilda boenden.  Metod: Kvalitativ intervjustudie med induktiv ansats. Intervjuer med åtta sjuksköterskor som arbetade på särskilda boenden genomfördes. Intervjuerna utgick från en semistrukturerad frågeguide. Materialet bearbetades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys.   Resultat: Analysen resulterade i fyra huvudkategorier; Sammanhang som ökar oro och ångest, arbetssätt för att minska oro och ångest, omvårdnadsåtgärder vid oro och ångest samt utmaningar förknippade med att tillämpa omvårdnadsåtgärder.  Slutsats: Studien visade att sjuksköterskor önskade använda omvårdnadsåtgärder vid oro och ångest i större utsträckning än vad som gjordes, men deras erfarenhet visade på flera faktorer som försvårade tillämpandet av omvårdnadsåtgärder. Samtliga sjuksköterskor var positiva till att använda omvårdnadsåtgärder vid oro och ångest hos äldre personer då de erfor att det var det bästa förstahandsalternativet vid behandling av oro och ångest hos äldre personer. Samtal och ett bra bemötande var några av de mest effektiva omvårdnadsåtgärderna.  Nyckelord: omvårdnadsåtgärder, oro, personcentrerat förhållningssätt, sjuksköterska, särskilda boenden, ångest, äldre personer / Title: “When you avoid medicine the elderly feel much better”.  Subtitle: A qualitative interview study on nurses' experiences of nursing interventions in the care for anxiety at nursing homes.  Background: Anxiety are common in elderly people at nursing homes. Psychotropic drugs are a common treatment for anxiety in the elderly and the treatment can lead to negative effects.  Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate nurses' experience of using nursing interventions in the care for anxiety in elderly people at nursing homes.   Method: Qualitative interviews with an inductive approach. It was conducted through eight interviews by nurses who were working at nursing homes. The interviews were carried out by using a semi-structured questionnaire. The data was then processed by qualitative content analysis.  Results: The analysis of the study resulted in four main categories; contexts that increase anxiety, way of working to reduce anxiety, nursing interventions for anxiety, challenges associated with applying nursing interventions.  Conclusion: The study demonstrated that nurses want to use nursing interventions at anxiety conditions in higher frequency than they currently do. However, their experiences displayed several factors that complicates the development to start using nursing interventions. In summary, all of the nurses were positive to use nursing interventions to address anxiety in elderly people, this because their experience were that this was the best first option in the treatment of anxiety in elderly people.  Keywords: anxiety, elderly people, nurse, nursing homes, nursing interventions, person-centered approach

Given roles and expectations of father involvement in South Korea are in transition from traditional breadwinner to an involved caregiver to children, it is plausible that Korean fathers show diverse involvement behaviors in the contexts of work, family, and parenting. Using a person-centered approach, we explored if there were groupings of Korean fathers who could be identified from their involvement with their children. We also examined if those subgroup memberships were related to various factors in work, family, and parenting domains. With a sample of 212 married working fathers and the 12 items of involvement behaviors, we found four heterogeneous subgroups of people: low-involved, accessibility-focused, involved-but-less-accessible, and highly involved fathers. Significant differences among the four profiles were also found regarding various factors such as job stress, work and family conflict, work schedule, maternal employment, parenting satisfaction, and perceived level of involvement. Suggestions for future research, practitioners, and policymakers were discussed.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:27:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Rita de Lima Zanoni.pdf: 629151 bytes, checksum: 9c24d167fff2cd471b136074d65f2afe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-13 / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas / This research aims to apprehend the experience being lived by three psychologists at graduation level, in becoming clinical psychologists, during the last month of a one year Improvement Professional Program, held at a University Psychology Service, with a focus on a clinical psychological practice named Psychological On Duty Attention. It is a differentiated clinical approach developed at institutions as an alternative to traditional psychotherapies. The theoretical fundaments to this study insert into Humanistic Psychology, more precisely into the Person Centered Approach, developed by the North American psychologist Carl R. Rogers in the 50 s of 20 th Century. It is a qualitative research developed in a phenomenology perspective. Two meetings of dialogical nature had been carried through, with duration of approximately ninety minutes, with the three participants in group. The following phenomenological analysis of the meeting evolved, from an understanding concerning of the specificity of each meeting to a broader understanding of the meanings of the experience in focus. One concludes that the experience of practicing the role of a psychological on duty adviser constitutes a privileged field of learning for the clinical psychologist. The acquired experience made possible to the participants the get in contact with several unexpected situations, contributing to the development of a differentiated listening, of a sharpened clinical perception, besides exciting a sense of responsibility extended in relation to the patients and to the community. Considering the intervention model that characterizes the Psychological On Duty Attention, one concludes that this mode of psychological clinical attention may contribute in significant way for the clinical education of the psychologist, by propitiating the practicing of certain facilitative attitudes - empathy, positive unconditional acceptance and congruence - conceived by Rogers as necessary and sufficient for a psychological helping relationship to be efficient. / Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo apreender a experi?ncia de tornar-se psic?logo cl?nico, vivida por tr?s psic?logas em fase de conclus?o de um Programa de Aprimoramento Profissional, desenvolvido em um Servi?o Universit?rio de Psicologia, tendo como foco a pr?tica de uma modalidade de aten??o psicol?gica, denominada Plant?o Psicol?gico. Este Servi?o caracteriza-se como um enquadre cl?nico diferenciado, desenvolvido em institui??es como uma alternativa ?s psicoterapias tradicionais. A fundamenta??o te?rica deste estudo insere-se na Psicologia Humanista, mais precisamente na Abordagem Centrada na Pessoa, desenvolvida pelo psic?logo norte americano Carl R. Rogers, na d?cada de 50, do s?culo XX. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de cunho fenomenol?gico. Foram realizados dois encontros de natureza dial?gica, com dura??o de aproximadamente noventa minutos, com as tr?s participantes em grupo. Em seguida, a an?lise fenomenol?gica dos encontros evoluiu, de uma compreens?o acerca da especificidade de cada encontro para uma compreens?o mais ampla quanto aos significados da experi?ncia em foco. Concluiu-se que a pr?tica do Plant?o Psicol?gico constitui um campo privilegiado de aprendizagem para o psic?logo cl?nico. A experi?ncia adquirida possibilitou ?s participantes o contato com diversas situa??es inesperadas, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de uma escuta diferenciada, de uma percep??o cl?nica mais agu?ada, al?m de suscitar um senso de responsabilidade ampliado em rela??o aos clientes e ? comunidade. Ao considerar o modelo de interven??o que caracteriza o Plant?o Psicol?gico, conclui-se que esta modalidade de aten??o psicol?gica pode contribuir de modo significativo para a forma??o cl?nica do psic?logo, ao propiciar a pr?tica das atitudes facilitadoras - empatia, aceita??o positiva incondicional e congru?ncia - concebidas por Rogers como necess?rias e suficientes para que uma rela??o de ajuda psicol?gica possa ser eficaz.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:29:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiana Hoffmann Palmieri Perches.pdf: 677571 bytes, checksum: 3f4a1d88c21b3eabdd535c7e46627b0d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-18 / This research aimed to bring about essential elements present in the psychological change process that is triggered by the psychological on duty service on the clients; this modality of psychological intervention is characterized by a unique session encounter. One or two meetings afterwards are also possible. This study is based on the Person Centered Approach, developed by Carl Rogers. It took place in a psychological service offered to the staff of a General Hospital in the countryside of S?o Paulo state. It was adopted the phenomenological method with a Husserl s inspiration which is compatible with the epistemological principles of humanistic psychology. It was possible to make an analysis of the elements that were present in the researcher and clients? inter-subjective experiences. This modality of psychological intervention, so called, psychological on duty service, when it is practiced according to the person centered approach, suggests that the professional on duty adopts facilitating attitudes of unconditional positive regard, empathic comprehension and congruency or authenticity. These attitudes constitute the therapist-client relation and they are close in the meaning to the dialogic and mutuality encounter performed by Buber. Four narratives were stated by the researcher from the sessions, based on fragments of sessions from the psychological on duty service, which represent the essential elements of the experience, taken from the process. The narratives enlighted elements of psychlogical nature which suggest the actualization of the self-knowledge potential of the clients, along with the personnal autonomy. The concept of significative psychological change refers to the simbolization process with the meaning given to experiences, from the psychological helping relation. The researcher concluded that a constructive changing process was triggered in the clients in the psychological on duty service context. The elements that facilitated this simbolization process may be these: client s spontaneous search for help, motivated by his feeling of vulnerability the anguish experience promoted; the on duty service proposal that is limited to a single session which encourages the stablishment of an important affective feeling in an intersubjective nature; an authentic emotional availability in the professional, which is visible by the unconditional positive regard, empathy and congruency, that became essential for the important stablishment of a process of psychological growth, when communicated to the client and the fact of being in a mutual relation, in the buberian meaning, allowing that the adequate simbolization happens from genuine talking and listening during the process. The psychological on duty service as a psychological intervention which legitimates client?s emergential demand represents an important alternative for psychological attention in institutions due to its inclusive and innovative clinical psychological proposal. / Esta pesquisa objetivou evidenciar como um processo de mudan?a psicol?gica ? desencadeado no cliente a partir do atendimento de plant?o psicol?gico. Baseou-se nos pressupostos da ACP - Abordagem Centrada na Pessoa, desenvolvida por Carl Rogers. Foi realizada no contexto de um servi?o de plant?o psicol?gico disponibilizado a funcion?rios de um Hospital Geral do interior do estado de S?o Paulo. Adotou-se o m?todo fenomenol?gico de inspira??o husserliana que ? compat?vel com os princ?pios epistemol?gicos da psicologia humanista, possibilitando uma an?lise dos elementos presentes na experi?ncia intersubjetiva vivida nas sess?es de plant?o, pela pesquisadora/plantonista e os clientes. Esta modalidade de aten??o psicol?gica denominada plant?o psicol?gico, quando praticada ? luz da ACP, prop?e que o plantonista adote atitudes facilitadoras de considera??o positiva incondicional, compreens?o emp?tica e congru?ncia ou autenticidade. Estas atitudes constituidoras da rela??o psicoterapeuta/cliente aproximam-se do conceito de encontro dial?gico desenvolvido por Buber. A pesquisadora construiu quatro narrativas a partir dos atendimentos realizados, com base em fragmentos das sess?es de plant?o psicol?gico que representam os elementos essenciais apreendidos. Estas sugerem a presen?a de um processo de atualiza??o do potencial de auto conhecimento por parte dos clientes que lhes possibilitou readquirir a autonomia pessoal. Entende-se, nesta pesquisa, por processo de mudan?a psicol?gica significativa a atribui??o de significados ?s experi?ncias ou sentido ?s ang?stias, a partir de um processo de simboliza??o. Desta forma, as narrativas descreveram o processo de mudan?a num sentido positivo na dire??o de uma simboliza??o adequada das experi?ncias vividas. Concluiu-se que os elementos que facilitaram este processo de simboliza??o foram a busca espont?nea do cliente, motivada pela vulnerabilidade desencadeada pela experi?ncia de ang?stia; a dimens?o temporal, vista como uma possibilidade de atualiza??o da historicidade, por meio da peculiaridade deste encontro intersubjetivo; o estar em rela??o no sentido buberiano - evidenciando a import?ncia da reciprocidade e da mutualidade na rela??o, uma vez que a simboliza??o adequada ocorre a partir da fala e da escuta genu?na de ambos, plantonista e cliente, ao longo do processo; uma disponibilidade emocional aut?ntica por parte do plantonista traduzida por atitudes de aceita??o positiva incondicional, empatia e congru?ncia, essenciais no desencadeamento de um processo de crescimento psicol?gico no qual a busca pelo sentido das experi?ncias vividas ? mobilizada e potencializa um produtivo reencontro consigo mesmo. Concluiu-se, ainda, que o Plant?o Psicol?gico como uma interven??o que legitima a demanda imediata do cliente representa uma alternativa importante de aten??o psicol?gica em institui??es, ao constituir-se em uma proposta inovadora por seu car?ter inclusivo.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:40:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vandro Pisaneschi.pdf: 768296 bytes, checksum: ec38f1a7f446bbf9e23cf83da7042d1a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-12 / The objective of this dissertation is to research possible contributions of psychological counseling under Person-Centered Approach to the practice of spiritual direction, according to the Catholic religion perspective, in the light of interdisciplinary dialogue. In order to achieve this objective, introduce yourself at first psychological counseling as a help relationship through which the counselor tries to help the advised person to find his own way and lead a good full life. Secondly, present spiritual direction as a spiritual help relationship in the light of the faith in Jesus Christ, between spiritual director and directee in which the first helps the second to observe God´s signs through his own life experiences in order to improve his relationship with himself, with others and with God himself. After presenting two help relationships, established a dialogue between both, showing their similarities, differences and implications for the practice of spiritual direction. To conclude, present appropriations of concepts and attitudes of the psychological counseling in the practice of spiritual direction / Esta dissertação tem por objetivo pesquisar possíveis contribuições do aconselhamento psicológico na abordagem centrada na pessoa para a prática da direção espiritual, na perspectiva da religião Católica, à luz do diálogo interdisciplinar. Para concretizar este objetivo, em primeiro lugar, apresenta-se o aconselhamento psicológico como uma relação de ajuda, na qual o conselheiro busca auxiliar o aconselhado a encontrar seu próprio caminho rumo a uma vida plena. No segundo momento, apresenta-se a direção espiritual como uma relação de ajuda espiritual, à luz da fé em Jesus Cristo, entre diretor espiritual e orientando, na qual o primeiro auxilia o segundo a perscrutar, nas suas experiências de vida, os sinais de Deus, para melhorar o seu relacionamento consigo mesmo, com os outros e com Deus. Após apresentar as duas relações de ajuda, constrói-se um diálogo entre as mesmas, apontando suas semelhanças, diferenças e implicações para a prática da direção espiritual. Para concluir, apresentam-se apropriações de conceitos e atitudes do aconselhamento psicológico na prática da direção espiritual

Livslängden ökar och befolkningen blir äldre och därigenom blir demenssjukdomar allt vanligare. Psykologiska och motoriska besvär som orsakas av demenssjukdomar har samlingsnamnet, Beteendemässiga och Psykiska Symtom vid Demens (BPSD). En personcentrerad omvårdnad bygger på ett individualiserat förhållningssätt, något som är viktigt vid behandling av BPSD. Användning av läkemedel hos äldre personer med demenssjukdom ger en ökad risk för biverkningar som kardiovaskulära förändringar och ökad mortalitet. En ökad kunskap om icke-farmakologiska interventioner kan bidra till att minska onödigt användande av antipsykotiska läkemedel vid BPSD. Syftet var att sammanställa kunskap om icke-farmakologiska interventioner vid Beteendemässiga och Psykiska Symtom vid Demens (BPSD). För att besvara syftet genomfördes en kunskapsöversikt där data samlades in via en systematisk litteratursökning i databaserna, CINAHL, PubMed och PsycInfo och analyserades via en innehållsanalys. I analysen ingick 26 artiklar och samtliga var kvantitativa. Till frågeställningen, vilka icke-farmakologiska interventioner används vid BPSD symtom, framkom det sju kategorier; Aktivitet, Djur, Kognitiv, Musik, Riktlinjer, Sensorisk och Övrigt. Till frågeställningen, hur påverkar interventionerna symtom vid BPSD, framkom det sex kategorier; BPSD-, Affektiva-, Hyperaktivitets-, Apati-, Psykossymtom och Psykiskt/Psykosocialt mående. Resultatet visade för 97% av de 29 icke-farmakologiska interventionerna en positiv påverkan, med förbättring av något BPSD symtom. Därför är det viktigt att implementera icke-farmakologiska interventioner i omvårdnaden av personer drabbade av demenssjukdom. / The lifespan increases and the population grows older, thus are the numbers of dementia diseases increasing. Psychological and motor disorders caused by dementia have the collective name, Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD). A person-centered care is based on an individualized approach, something that is important in the treatment of BPSD. The use of drugs in elderly people with dementia presents an increased risk of side effects such as cardiovascular changes and increased mortality. Increased knowledge of non-pharmacological interventions can help reduce unnecessary use of antipsychotic drugs for BPSD. The purpose was to compile knowledge of non-pharmacological interventions for behavioral and psychological symptoms of Dementia (BPSD). To answer the purpose, a knowledge review was conducted where data was collected via a systematic literature search in the databases, CINAHL, PubMed and PsycInfo and analyzed with content analysis. The analysis included 26 articles and all were quantitative. To the question, which non-pharmacological interventions are used in BPSD symptoms, seven categories emerged; Activity, Animal, Cognitive, Music, Guidelines, Sensory and Other. To the question, how does the intervention affect symptoms of BPSD, there were six categories; BPSD, Affective, Hyperactivity, Apathy, Psychosis, and Psychological / Psychosocial Mood. The result showed a positive effect for 97% of the 29 non-pharmacological interventions, with improvement of some BPSD symptoms. Therefore, it is important to implement non-pharmacological interventions in the care of people affected by dementia.