Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:57:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudio Alessandro Diniz de Sa.pdf: 1051226 bytes, checksum: a112afca1bb3e67f83fa13416ad62c89 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This thesis presents the relevant points concerning the consolidation of the Brazilian music industry and its effect on the music scene between 1998 and 2008 caused by the introduction of new digital technology, music piracy and illegal Internet downloading. This thesis also analyzes the position of music producers towards new digital media in relation to production, distribution, marketing and consumption / O objetivo desta tese é o de apresentar os pontos relevantes no caminho da consolidação da indústria fonográfica, especificamente no Brasil. Mostrar a constituição da cena musical brasileira entre 1998-2008. Período que coincide com novos movimentos dentro mercado fonográfico com o surgimento das novas tecnologias digitais e o crescimento da pirataria dos produtos musicais. Com base nesse cenário, analisar o posicionamento dos agentes produtores do campo fonográfico e as novas dinâmicas inseridas pelos novos meios digitais na relação de produção distribuição consumo

This thesis analyzes current status of software distribution in gaming industry and its biggest challenges. Thesis also includes insight in completely different approach to the software distribution -- Cloud Gaming. In practical part are thoroughly tested existing solutions and done functionality analysis. Practical part also includes experiment which regards to building own platform using currently existing tools and it is followed by discussion of results.

<p>This interdisciplinary study shows that because of the changing demands from consumer caused by the growing influence of the internet and file-sharing the Nordic Gaming industry is going through an economic evolution. This result was derived by using qualitative questionnaires directed towards Gaming industry decision makers in the Nordic region combined with critical discourse analysis based on the methodology of Norman Fairclough, using theories of different characters to understand the field.</p><p>In this thesis the case of the Nordic Gaming industry is used to assert that because of changing demands of consumers and an ever growing piracy movement, societies are evolving into transitional economies where it is increasingly harder to sell products consisting of pure information.</p>

This interdisciplinary study shows that because of the changing demands from consumer caused by the growing influence of the internet and file-sharing the Nordic Gaming industry is going through an economic evolution. This result was derived by using qualitative questionnaires directed towards Gaming industry decision makers in the Nordic region combined with critical discourse analysis based on the methodology of Norman Fairclough, using theories of different characters to understand the field. In this thesis the case of the Nordic Gaming industry is used to assert that because of changing demands of consumers and an ever growing piracy movement, societies are evolving into transitional economies where it is increasingly harder to sell products consisting of pure information.

La pirateria és un problema derivat de la violació dels drets de la propietat intel·lectual; el coneixement es desenvolupa en aquest segle a un ritme frenètic i s'esbandeix amb una gran velocitat gràcies a la ret de rets; les mateixes innovacions tecnològiques ocasionen baixes barreres per a la protecció i faciliten copies. L'objectiu d'aquesta investigació ha estat contribuir en aclarir la problemàtica de la pirateria des de la perspectiva del consumidor, identificant els factors que aquest pren en compte al piratejar, per contribuir a que les autoritats que legislen i les empreses afectades millorin la comprensió de la problemàtica i disposin de criteris per afrontar-ne. Per complir amb l'objectiu es va fer una amplia revisió de la problemàtica en varis aspectes jurídics, empresarials, de conducta de compra i aspectes ètics a fi de trobar variables i decidir desprès l'àmbit de la investigació.La investigació s'ha centrat en la pirateria musical que hi ha en un país amb un alt índex de pirateria (98% segons l'IIPA), combinant investigació quantitativa i qualitativa. S'ha fet servir una mostra de 1000 consumidors dividida en dos parts de 500 consumidors de musica original i 500 consumidors de musica pirata, de entre 18 i 30 anys d'edat. Per fer el instrument de medició van incloure variables explicatives de la conducta que van sortir de la literatura revisada i dels estudis exploratoris previs, aquests factors van tenir en compte aspectes ètics, aspectes sorgits de la teoria de la decisió raonada (TRA), la implicació recomanada quan s'estudia conducta del consumidor, la oferta de productes i aspectes demogràfics.Els resultats mostren que tant les actituds com les normes subjectives dels enquestats indiquen negativa cap a la conducta pirata, apuntant a la identificació dels factors explicatius. La filosofia moral dels enquestats es respectuosa amb els valors universals i distingeix la conducta correcta de la incorrecta, encara que poden haver-hi unes excepcions. La variable va mostrar que tots estaven implicats amb el producte musical i que dues parts (inseguretat i simbolisme) podrien emplenar-se per influenciar en la conducta. La variable percepció de l'oferta, entesa com a disponibilitat del producte i preu, influeixen positivament en la pirateria, finalment les variables demogràfiques que influeixen son la disponibilitat per les despeses, educació i ocupació.Una conclusió de l'estudi es que la conducta pirata pot explicar-se combinant models teòrics amb variables de la TRA i models ètics. L'estudi directe de la conducta i no la intenció van permetre la incorporació d'aspectes addicionals referents a l'oferta del producte (controlada per l'empresa oferent) i les variables demogràfiques (afectades pel entorn socioeconòmic), deixant clar que la modificació de la conducta compren feines tant de l'empresa com del Estat.L'estudi qualitatiu final va contribuir a millorar les explicacions obtingudes en l'estudi quantitatiu al permetre que els mateixos consumidors expliquin o justifiquin la seva conducta i ofereixin suggeriments per millorar-la o modificar-la. Les limitacions d'aquest estudi es refereixen a la demarcació realitzada centrada en productes musicals i consumidors joves en un context tolerant a la pirateria i poc creient en les normes i aspectes legals, sent difícil generalitzar els resultats a unes altres condicions. Com a recomanació per investigacions futures suggerim reforçar els estudis de conducta donat que la rapidesa en la innovació i difusió per la ret de rets han alterat les formes de realitzar transaccions. Es suggereix també l'ús d'instruments i verificar el seu funcionament en altres cultures; en un mon global es necessari entendre si hi ha un comportament global. / La piratería es un problema derivado de la violación de los derechos de propiedad intelectual; el conocimiento se desarrolla en este siglo a un ritmo frenético y se difunde con gran rapidez gracias a la red de redes; las mismas innovaciones tecnológicas ocasionan bajas barreras para su protección y facilitan el copiado. El objeto de esta investigación ha sido contribuir a esclarecer la problemática de la piratería desde la perspectiva del consumidor, identificando los factores que este toma en cuenta al piratear, a fin de contribuir a que las autoridades que legislan y las empresas afectadas mejoren su comprensión de la problemática y dispongan de criterios para enfrentarla. Para cumplir con el objetivo se realizó una amplia revisión de la problemática que comprendió aspectos jurídicos, empresariales, de conducta de compra y aspectos éticos a fin de cernir variables y demarcar luego el ámbito de la investigación.La investigación se ha centrado en la piratería musical que ocurre en un país con un alto índice de piratería (98% según la IIPA), combinando investigación cuantitativa y cualitativa. Se ha utilizado una muestra de 1000 consumidores dividida en dos submuestras de 500 consumidores de música original y 500 consumidores de música pirata, de entre 18 y 30 años de edad. Para construir el instrumento de medición se incluyeron variables explicativas de la conducta que surgieron de la literatura revisada y de estudios exploratorios previos, estos factores comprendieron aspectos éticos, aspectos surgidos de la teoría de la decisión razonada (TRA), la implicancia recomendada cuando se estudia conducta del consumidor, la oferta de productos y aspectos demográficos.Los resultados muestran que tanto las actitudes como las normas subjetivas de los encuestados indican rechazo hacia la conducta pirata, apuntando a la identificación de otros factores explicativos. La filosofía moral de los encuestados es respetuosa de los valores universales y distingue la conducta correcta de la incorrecta, aunque hay una disposición a realizar excepciones. La variable implicancia mostró que todos los sujetos estaban fuertemente implicados con el producto musical y que dos de sus dimensiones (inseguridad y simbolismo) podían emplearse para influir en la conducta. La variable percepción de oferta, entendida como disponibilidad del producto y precio, influyen positivamente en la piratería, finalmente las variables demográficas que influyen son la disponibilidad para el gasto, la educación y la ocupación.Una conclusión el estudio es que la conducta pirata puede explicarse combinando modelos teóricos que incluyen variables de la TRA y modelos éticos. El estudio directo de la conducta y no la intención permitieron la incorporación de aspectos adicionales referentes a la oferta del producto (controlada por la empresa ofertante) y las variables demográficas (afectadas por el entorno socio económico), dejando en claro que la modificación de la conducta comprende tareas tanto de la empresa como del Estado.El estudio cualitativo final contribuyó a mejorar las explicaciones obtenidas en el estudio cuantitativo al permitir que los mismos consumidores expliquen o justifiquen su conducta y ofrezcan sugerencias para mejorarla o modificarla. Las limitaciones de este estudio se refieren a la demarcación realizada centrada en productos musicales y consumidores jóvenes en un contexto tolerante a la piratería y poco creyente en las normas y aspectos legales, siendo difícil generalizar los resultados a otras condiciones. Como recomendaciones para investigaciones futuras sugerimos reforzar los estudios de conducta dado que la rapidez en la innovación y su difusión por la red de redes han alterado la forma de realizar transacciones. Se sugiere también afinar el uso de instrumentos y verificar su funcionamiento en otras culturas; en un mundo global es necesario entender si hay un comportamiento global. / Piracy is the problem that you get when the copyrights are non respected. In this century new knowledge and their diffusion are faster than never before. These innovation lows the physical barriers to the copy and increase the acts of piracy. The purpose of this dissertation has been make a contribution to the knowledge of the piracy problem, the aims were to identify the factors that a consumer uses to decide their behaviour (piracy or not piracy) helping the firms and the legislator in their decisions. An extensive review of the literature was carried out in subjects as: business, legislation, consumer behaviour, ethical aspects in order to select variables and to demarcate the investigation.This research has been focused in the music piracy that occurs in a country with a high index of piracy (98% according to the IIPA), using qualitative and quantitative methodology. The sample was of 1000 consumers divided into 500 consumers of original CD's and 500 consumers of pirated Cd's, aged between 18 and 30 years old. To build the measuring instrument explanatory variables of the behaviour were included that arose of the literature and of prior exploratory studies, these factors understood ethical aspects, aspects arisen of the theory of the decision reasoned (TRA), the involvement recommended to study the consumer behaviour, supply and demographic aspects.The results show that the attitudes and the subjective norms of the polled indicate refusal towards the piracy, therefore the explanation of its conduct obeys to other factors. The moral philosophy of the polled is respectful of the universal values and distinguishes the correct conduct of the incorrect one, although there is a disposition to carry out exceptions. The variable implication showed that all the subjects were hardly implied with the musical product and that two of their dimensions (insecurity and symbolism) were able to influence in the conduct. The variable perception of supply and price of the product influences positively in the piracy, finally the demographic variables that influence are the availability of money to expense, the education and the occupation.The conclusion of the study is that the pirated conduct of the consumer can be explained combining the theoretical models that include variables of the TRA and ethical models. The direct study of the behaviour instead of the intention make necessary the use of additional aspects like de supply of the product (controlled by the business bidder) and the demographic variables (affected by the environment and the economic situation of the place of study), leaving in clear that to change de piracy behaviour means so much tasks of the business firms as of the State.Besides the final qualitative study contributed to improve the explanations obtained in the quantitative study, they justify their behaviour and give suggestions to improve it or to modify it. The limitations of this study refer to the choice of an specific kind of piracy centred in musical products and young consumers in a tolerant context to the piracy (not trust norms and legal aspects).As recommendations for future investigations we suggest to carry out more studies of conduct in order to know the influence of the variables that a consumer is faced in a context of rapidity in the innovation and his diffusion by the web have. It is also suggested to tune up the use of instruments and to verify his operation in other cultures; in a global world is necessary to understand if there is a global behaviour.

「知識經濟」時代裡，知識透過流通而生成更多文化資產帶給人類價值。知識，向來就是共有共享的。但起自智慧財產權出現後，開始出現知識私有、知識買賣的情形出現。難道，是著作權(copyright)戰勝了著作義(Copyleft)？近年來全球掀起一片「告！告！告！」的熱潮，無論是美國的Napster訴訟案，還是台灣的「成大MP3」事件；還是微軟在美國的反托拉斯訴訟，或是在台灣面臨合理議價調查，都顯示「著作權」引發的相關問題蔓延全世界。 本研究將知識/文化商品視為資訊資本主義社會的生產工具，並且探討當「智慧」變成「財產」時，資本主義、國家機器爭權奪利的過程中出現的問題與爭議。研究者先就著作權的政治經濟脈絡耙梳出「著作權」不是「道德問題」，而是「經濟問題」，更是國際關係中藉以制衡弱勢小國的利器。 實證部分以1960-2002年間台灣著作權發展過程中三個衝突事件為例，包括1960年代的《大英百科全書》翻印風波、1980年代的「蘋果電腦侵權事件」，及1990年代跨國公司進入後的台灣流行音樂產業作為個案，具體驗證台灣著作權發展過程中，的確受到資本主義與國家機器及國際依賴關係的影響。最終以近年來網際網路發展蓬勃，連帶引出的著作權爭議作結，本研究除了對台灣著作權的政治經濟發展提出看法外，亦在結論中對知識/文化產業，及著作權規範的未來發展提出意見。 / Under knowledge-based economy, knowledge brings more value to human beings by spreading and then generating cultural properties. Although sharing is the essential characteristic of knowledge, there have been some arguments that knowledge is private and knowledge can be traded after the idea of intellectual property rights emerged. Does it mean Copyrights overtops “Copyleft”? In recent years, there have been more and more lawsuits related to copyrights such as Napster vs. RIAA in 1999 in the US, and IFPI vs. NCKU MP3 lawsuit in 2001 in Taiwan. Moreover, Microsoft, the worldwide leading software company, also faced US federal government’s antitrust violations prosecution, and rational price investigation by Taiwan government. All these cases indicate that copyright has caused problems all over the world. This thesis regards both the knowledge and cultural products as the producing tools of information capitalism society. It also discussed the conflicts between Capitalism and state apparatuses when “knowledge” became “property.” By examining the context of political economy in intellectual property, the author achieved two conclusions. First of all, the copyright is not a moral issue but an economic one. Secondly, in international society, copyrights have been the weapon for powerful nations to control the powerless ones. We cited three copyright conflicts in Taiwan from 1960-2002, including the reprint issue of Encyclopaedia Britannica in the 1960s, copyright violation case of Apple Computer in the 1980s, and the international pop music piracy disputes in the 1990s, the author made an empirical research to conclude that the development of copyright in Taiwan indeed was affected by the capitalism, the state apparatuses, and the international interdependency. This thesis ended with the prospective copyright issues originated from the burgeoning Internet industry. Not only did the research indicate some suggestions regard to the development of political economy in copyright, also made comments about the future development of knowledge/culture industry’s copyright regulation.

The Australian music industry is growing and developing yet specific information about the ways in which distribution systems develop is limited. In this study I examined the growth and change of the Australian music value chain. This includes the development of digital distribution systems and the effect that peer-to-peer technology has on system development, specifically the disintermediation between consumers and artists to the detriment of the multinational value chains. The drivers of this change are broken into social and technical elements in order to describe the growth and change occurring. The method used included a comprehensive literature review and use of secondary data from key music industry associations. The Australian music industry is a subset of the global industry and is led by foreign markets and their methods in which music content moves from the creators to the consumers. The consumption patterns of Australian music consumers are changing. The overall value of the music industry is dropping as the new digital downloads market emerges and the overall volume of sales increases; this reflects similar trends in foreign markets. CD single sales have dropped and digital single sales (in MP3 format) have increased. However, there needs to be a balance in the future development of Australian music distribution systems between the needs of music consumers and the sustainability of music companies, where there is both connectivity and steady revenue flow. There are technical elements that have caused a movement away from the traditional forms of music distribution as new technologies facilitate the change, such as Apple's iPod and broadband Internet connections. Advancement of distribution systems has increased piracy levels and the response has been the implementation of digital rights management (DRM), which prevents connectivity. There are also social elements that affect growth and change such as connectivity, or the consumers freedom to choose when, where and how to listen to their music. When music product has a restriction placed upon it its value to the consumer drops. Multinational music companies have failed to recognise the value users place on the freedom to pick and choose and have tried to control rather than to co-develop systems that meets both parties needs.

Submitted by Solange Gualberto da Mata Machado (solange@amcham.com.br) on 2011-12-01T14:58:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Pirataria e Estrategia final.pdf: 4390913 bytes, checksum: ab554846db1bf424095d0d63fb460706 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Isaura Hannickel (gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2011-12-01T18:10:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Pirataria e Estrategia final.pdf: 4390913 bytes, checksum: ab554846db1bf424095d0d63fb460706 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-12-02T13:14:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Pirataria e Estrategia final.pdf: 4390913 bytes, checksum: ab554846db1bf424095d0d63fb460706 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-04 / Multinational companies that make investments in emerging countries where the institutions responsible (Government and Society) cannot suppress piracy suffer a loss of market and find themselves compelled to develop new strategies to create value and to improve performance in this adverse market. To study this phenomenon were studied three pharmaceutical companies, drug makers of erectile dysfunction who suffer the impact of piracy. Baron (1995) mentions that in order to succeed companies need to work in an integrated manner, combining market strategies with non-market strategies. In all three cases studied, the evidences showed that there is integration between the two types of strategies, but the integration is only consolidated at the international level. Locally companies are responsible for implementing global strategies. According to Hillman and Hitt (1999), on the formulation of the non-market strategies, companies can configure their competencies developing them internally or hiring them externally. In the case of piracy, the investigation efforts are outsourced to specialized companies, and there is therefore, no in-house skills developed. Hillman and Hitt (1999) define the institutional approach of the non-market strategies as transactional and relational. And, also propose that firms with greater financial resources and / or intangible assets such as knowledge of political influence are more likely to use individual actions regardless of the approach chosen. In Brazil, the evidences of the cases studied showed that the companies use collective actions to coordinate discussions with the government regardless of the available resources. And they use either the transactional approach of providing information to the government institutions, whenever there is an apprehension, or the relational approach to maintain an active political relationship, confirming Hillman and Hitt (1999). / As empresas multinacionais que fazem investimentos em países emergentes onde as instituições responsáveis (Governo e Sociedade) não conseguem reprimir a pirataria sofrem com a perda de mercado e se vêem compelidas a desenvolver novas estratégias para gerar valor e aumentar a sua performance neste mercado adverso. Para estudar o impacto da pirataria na gestão estratégica das empresas multinacionais, foram pesquisadas três empresas do setor farmacêutico, fabricantes de medicamentos de disfunção erétil que sofrem com a ilegalidade. Baron (1995) menciona que para se obter sucesso, as empresas precisam trabalhar de forma integrada, unindo as estratégias de mercado com as estratégias de não-mercado. Nos três casos estudados, as evidências mostraram que existe a integração entre os dois tipos de estratégias – mercado e não-mercado – porém, ela só se consolida no âmbito internacional. Localmente as empresas são responsáveis pela implementação das estratégias globais de nãomercado. Na formulação das estratégias de não-mercado, segundo Hillman e Hitt (1999), as empresas podem configurar as suas competências desenvolvendo-as internamente ou contratando-as externamente. No caso da pirataria, as evidências mostraram que as ações de investigação são terceirizadas para as empresas especializadas, não havendo, portanto, competências desenvolvidas internamente. Hillman e Hitt (1999) denominam o relacionamento institucional das estratégias de não-mercado em transacional e relacional. Os autores também constatam que as firmas com maiores recursos financeiros e/ou recursos intangíveis, tais como conhecimento de influência política, têm maior probabilidade de usar a participação individual independente da abordagem escolhida. No Brasil, as evidências mostraram que as empresas pesquisadas usam as ações coletivas coordenadas para dialogar com o Governo independente dos recursos disponíveis. E, utilizam a estratégia de prover informação para as Instituições Governamentais. Através da abordagem transacional, no caso de apreensão, ou a abordagem relacional para manter um relacionamento político ativo, confirmando Hillman e Hitt (1999).

[pt] Desde o momento em que Cristóvão Colombo colocou seus pés pela primeira vez nas Américas, o espectro da violência privada no mar esteve por perto, fosse ela empreendida pelas mãos dos próprios espanhóis, fosse por aqueles que disputavam com eles o direito de explorar as riquezas recém-descobertas. Nesta tese argumentamos que os relatos de navegação deixados por corsários, piratas e bucaneiros nos séculos XVII e XVII foram parte fundamental para a criação do imaginário europeu acerca do Novo Mundo e de seus habitantes. Procuramos explorar uma diversidade de relatos que, cada qual à seu modo, representaram os dilemas políticos que vieram a desembocar na criação do Estado e do sujeito político modernos. Este processo, contudo, não foi linear, como em uma escala de progresso em direção à civilidade. Pelo contrário, a leitura dos relatos de navegação nos revela uma experiência diversa e frequentemente contraditória. O escopo desta tese abarca os séculos XVI e XVII. Neste período as instituições sociais herdadas da idade média tardia que ordenaram a relação entre indivíduos e sociedade estavam em franco declínio, processo este que somente se aprofundou com a reimaginação da geografia planetária após os descobrimentos. Argumentamos nesta tese que a figura do pirata foi um ator central nesta reimaginação do mundo a partir de suas margens, de suas áreas limítrofes. Ao longo do trabalho, abordamos os relatos de André Thevet e Jean de Léry, Francis Drake, Anthony Knivet, Alexander Exquemeling e, por fim, o romance Rosbinson Crusoé, de Daniel Defoe. Cada um destes trabalhos trouxe algo de novo para a complexa equação que teve lugar nos dois séculos em questão. / [en] Since when Christopher Columbus first came into the Americas, the specter of private violence stood nearby. This thesis argues that the accounts of navigations left by the privateers, pirates and buccaneers of the XVI and XVII centuries were crucial parts for the making of the European imaginary about the New World, its inhabitants, and the European place in it. We explore the diversity of accounts that, each in its own way, represents the political dilemmas that came to a close at the Modern Estate and the Modern political subjects. This process, thought, should not be represented as an unambiguous tale of progressive civilization. On the contrary, the reading of the accounts of navigation reveals a much more ambiguous and frequently contradictory experience. The scope of this thesis encompass the XVI and XVII centuries. During this time, the late medieval social and political institutions that mediated the relations between society and individuals were at a steady decline. The discoveries made by the Spanish and the Portuguese and the following re-imagination of global geography only aggravated the problem, and from the ashes of the late medieval system modernity arose. We argue that the pirate figure was a central actor in this process acting from the margins. During this thesis we explore the accounts of Andre Thevet and Jean de Léry, Francis drake, Anthony Knivet, Alexander Exquemeling and the novel Robinson Crusoé, from Daniel Defoe. Each one of these accounts brought something new to the complex operations that were taking place in those transitional centuries.

Ces dernières années, les attaques de pirates contre des navires ou des champs pétroliers n'ont cessé de se multiplier et de s'aggraver. Pour exemple, l'attaque contre la plateforme Exxon Mobil en 2010 au large du Nigeria s'est soldée par l'enlèvement de dix-neuf membres d'équipage et la réduction de 45.000 barils de sa production pétrolière quotidienne ce qui a engendré une montée des prix à l'échelle internationale.Cet exemple est une parfaite illustration de l'ampleur des dommages sur la sécurité des infrastructures pétrolières offshore.Dans le cadre de notre recherche, nous proposons une démarche de pilotage et de management du risque de piraterie en se basant sur le concept des réseaux bayésiens qui permettent la représentation des connaissances et le calcul des probabilités conditionnelles.Une dimension temporelle a été ajoutée par le recours aux réseaux bayésiens qualifiés de « dynamiques ». Ces réseaux, fondés sur les chaines de Markov cachées ou filtres de Kalman, se révèlent très performants dans le domaine de l'analyse des risques.L'application de ces réseaux au domaine de la piraterie a été envisagée, les apports et les limites seront évalués dans le cadre de cette thèse. / In recent years, pirate attacks against ships or oil fields have continued to multiply and worsen. For example, the attack against the Exxon Mobil platform in 2010 in the coast of Nigeria has resulted in the removal of nineteen crew members and the reduction of 45,000 barrels of daily oil production which resulted in a rise prices internationally.This example is a perfect illustration of the extent of damage on the safety of offshore oil infrastructure.As part of our research, we propose an approach to control and management of the risk of piracy based on the concept of Bayesian networks that enable knowledge representation and calculation of conditional probabilities.A temporal dimension was added by the use of Bayesian networks called "dynamic". These networks, based on Markov chains hidden or Kalman filters, are proving very effective in the field of risk analysis.The application of these networks on piracy was considered, the contributions and limitations will be evaluated as part of this thesis.