Using the case study of 21st century Piracy as it affects the small islands archipelagic state of the Seychelles, this paper sets the stage for a broader discussion on the sovereignty of small island states in international law. Sovereignty can be viewed through different lenses; sovereignty denied considers the many challenges faced by small island states and their claim to the traditional concept of sovereignty, as promoted during the decolonisation era and projected by the right of self determination. On the other hand sovereignty can also be yielded by small island states, where the jurisdiction of the state becomes a resource. This is demonstrated through the degree of international assistance afforded to the Seychelles in dealing with pirates and more generally, through the development of offshore companies in small island states. Consequently, this paper suggests that international law is both the problem and solution to the sovereignty of small island states.

Using the case study of 21st century Piracy as it affects the small islands archipelagic state of the Seychelles, this paper sets the stage for a broader discussion on the sovereignty of small island states in international law. Sovereignty can be viewed through different lenses; sovereignty denied considers the many challenges faced by small island states and their claim to the traditional concept of sovereignty, as promoted during the decolonisation era and projected by the right of self determination. On the other hand sovereignty can also be yielded by small island states, where the jurisdiction of the state becomes a resource. This is demonstrated through the degree of international assistance afforded to the Seychelles in dealing with pirates and more generally, through the development of offshore companies in small island states. Consequently, this paper suggests that international law is both the problem and solution to the sovereignty of small island states.

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Dynamic complexity occurs in every social structure. Film industry, as a type of creative industries, constitutes a dynamic environment where uncertainty is at high levels. This complexity of the environment renders the more traditional operations research models somewhat ineffective, and thus, requires a dynamic analysis. In this study, a model showing the dynamics of film exhibition is given. The interactions within and between the theatrical and the DVD sales channels are implemented by the model. Later on, the possible effects of piracy to the model are discussed, using the inferences obtained by the created model. The model is examined with scenario and sensitivity analysis. All the modeling studies are done with a commercial dynamic systems modeling software. The model also can be extended for the whole film industry, or for some other creative industries like the publishing industry.

<p>In this study we investigate how the attitude and behaviour concerning illegal file shar-ing have changed among the young population in Sweden. The study will analyze the impact of the IPRED law that was introduced in April 2008 and new digital media ser-vices that have emerged in the last couple of years. It is also evaluated which of these have had the most impact on the attitude and behaviour of the selected population.</p><p>The main part of our research consists of a quantitative survey handed out to a sample population among high school students (ages 16-20) in Jönköping, Sweden. This pri-mary data is later compared to secondary data from a similar study that was done on the same demographics two years prior to this research in order to measure the change in behaviour and attitude. The previous study was conducted prior to the IPRED law im-plementation by one of the authors. We also used prior research within this subject and related fields to further understand and interpret our data.</p><p>What we have discovered through our research is that there has been a decrease in ille-gal file sharing, especially when considering music, however this decrease is much more an effect of the adopting of new media services then it can be attributed to the IPRED law. Furthermore, the attitudes towards file sharing have remained unchanged and a large number of young adults do not feel that file sharing should be illegal.</p><p>It is also concluded that good legal alternatives to file sharing have a large market po-tential if these services can fulfil consumers demand on availability and price. Addition-ally we have found that good legal alternatives are important if the public is to refrain from returning to their old file sharing habits once the initial scare from new legislation has worn off.</p>

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隨著資訊科技的發展與網際網路的普及，音樂與電影光碟盜版的問題也逐年嚴重，然影音盜版不僅影響權利人團體，影音業者及創作者之生存，亦攸關我國智慧財產之發展，更常成為我國在國際貿易諮商上的重要課題。在種種緣由與現況下，得使國內許多產、官、學、研團體想去研究影音盜版的相關議題，以了解其嚴重程度如何，或有無較客觀合理的指標或評估方式?並進一步研擬有效方法來防範盜版問題進一步惡化，為此上述問題乃是本研究之源起。 目前所有的影音盜版研究，多著重在計算盜版率,探討盜版因素,盜版行為的心理與法制問題，皆還尚未針對影音盜版率，建構出可供學者推論的盜版率機率分配，及其他相關的數量研究，因此，本研究的主要實証方向，乃根據2004年經濟部智慧財產局(intellectual property office ministry of economic affairs,R.O.C)委託政治大學之消費者調查資料，就音樂CD、影音VCD/DVD兩部分，針對筆者有興趣之變項(性別、年齡、有無上網下載等)，(1)分別建構各自的混合分配並了解其分配間的差異與趨勢， (2)探討消費者對盜版行為的態度，(3)了解消費者對喜好的光碟所願付價格之差異，(4)建立盜版率分配的信賴帶，以及(5)針對現有的調查資料進行盜版辨別。 最後，就查緝盜版與維護智慧財產權兩方面，實證分析提供政府相關單位作為參考的依據，以求擬訂周詳且完善的措施來防範日益惡化的盜版問題。 / With the development of computer technology and widespread of internet, the piracy problem goes more serious. The piracy situation makes much influence not only on the rights of international oblige societies but also the growing of the intellectual properties in Taiwan. Moreover, it becomes the rock on the road of international commercial negotiations. Beyond the serious situation in the mean time, more researchers and relevant organizations on the island are trying to pay more attention to this important issue. This research intends to understand several questions: How is the actual situation on the piracy problem? Are there any objective evaluation ways? Are there any effective policies to prevent it from going deeper? These questions lead to this research. In the meantime, most of Audio & Video piracy research emphasized only on calculating the piracy rate, or the reasons, or the relevant psychological and law problems, but few on piracy quantitative studies. Therefore the mainly intention of this research is based on the data from the IPO(Intellectual Property Office Ministry of Economic Affairs, ROC), which is executing by National Chengchi University. As for the two parts concerning music CD and visual VCD/DVD, and the variables those I am highly interested including gender, age, education level, downloading or not. The empirical study results show as below: (1)The piracy rate distribution corresponds with the Mixed Model, that mean that it have been proportionally mixed two degenerate distribution (while X=0 and 100) with the Normal distribution. (2) On the facets of distribution differences and trends analysis, not only music CD and visual VCD/DVD, the results of the research by Mann-Whitney test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov two sample test both reveal the rising tendency of overall piracy rate. The generation of 20~29 years old is the mainly pirate group, moreover, higher education grades group does the more pirating behaviors, and lower income group intends more unauthorized copying conducts. Furthermore, along with the development of internet technology, the infringement behavior is more serious on the network connectors than the non-network downloaders. (3) Under surveying the opinions of consumers about the piracy, regardless of whether music or movies, the deviation is more serious on male than female, under 30-year-old than above, low educated than high, low income than high, pirate than non-pirate, downloaders than non-downloaders. The problem locates not only the lack of the concepts and recognition on the intellectual properties rights, but also the scarce of moral or legal limitations on the unauthorized rebuilding or downloading. But in the other curious facet, although the higher grade educated groups got more equitable standpoints on the piracy discussion, but evidenced depend upon the collected data they are also mainly the group who did the piracy behaviors more. (4) On the price range that a consumer would like to pay for, most of the pirate consumer tends to pay low price to buy the A/V goods, most of the non-pirating consumer group tends to pay general price to buy ones, and no significant difference of these two groups with high price, (5) On the facets of confidence bands on the whole music CD and visual VCD/DVD pirating rate, because of the specialties of pirating data- the higher frequency while the piracy rate values 0 and 100, so that the upper and lower bound reveals at 0 and 100. Futhermore, the confidence bands obtains from the population distribution function, therefore it’s suitable for the goodness-of-fit test. The results met the Kolmogorov-Smirnov one sample test. (6) On the data recognition facets, the logistic regression model of piracy is constructed in this research. Classification from the fitted logistic regression models, the results reveals 107 non-pirate are mis-judged to pirating behaviors, 186 pirating samples are neglected to non-pirate ones, the correct recognition rate goes high of 88 %. Key Words：Piracy Rate, Mixture Models, Mann-Whitney, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Logistic Regression Model, Nonparametric Statistics.

Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The South African Navy (SAN) intends to reinstate Naval Station Durban (NSD) as a fully operational support base for a new class of Offshore Patrol Vessels (OPV’s) which the SAN intends to purchase. These acquisitions must be seen against the background of strategic and political considerations in general, and in particular threats to South Africa’s maritime security, due to the possibility of the piracy, along particularly the West African coast, reaching our territorial waters. The aim of this thesis is the development of a cost-optimization model, intended to provide optimal locations for the SAN’s support facilities, given the SAN’s operational obligations, present and future. In the first part, a literary review of facility location formulation and strategic management principles is an attempt to lay the foundations for the proposed model. The review of this literature is primarily based on extracts of the comprehensive research of other authors. Consequently, the research problem was contextualized and classified as a hierarchical location-allocation problem. The second part of the thesis aims to describe the SAN’s environment from a maritime security perspective. Within this framework, formulation was identified and modified to develop a theoretical mechanism to solve the research question. The final part will see the application of the developed model to a case study specific to the situation of the SAN. Validation of the inputs and the model itself proceeded in conjunction with the application of the model. The results and the model itself were validated through visual inspection and independent mathematical validation. This thesis comes to the conclusion that the SAN cannot cost-effectively meet its future obligations by splitting its maintenance capability between Naval Base Durban (NBD) and Naval Base Simon’s Town (NBS). Future research may build upon the results of this thesis in order to facilitate a more comprehensive optimization of preventative networks. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid-Afrikaanse Vloot (SAV) beoog om die vlootstasie in Durban weer op te gradeer na ’n volwaardige vlootbasis vir die beoogde aanskaffing van ’n nuwe klas van patroleringsvaartuie. Die motivering vir die opgradering van Durban kom uit dieper strategiese en politieke behoeftes maar word tans toegeskryf aan plaaslike bedreigings van seerowery en die gevolglike verkryging van nuwe patrollievaartuie om hierdie bedreiging, onder meer, te bekamp. Die doel van hierdie meesters tesis, is om ’n koste optimerings model te vind, of te ontwikkel, wat optimale liggings vir ondersteunings fasilitieite sal lewer, gegewe die toekomstige of huidige verpligtinge van die SAV. Die eerste gedeelte van hierdie tesis bevat ’n literatuuroorsig van fasiliteitsligging-formulering en strategiese bestuursbeginsels. Hierdie literatuuroorsig beoog om die grondslag vir die voorgestelde model te lê. Die oorsig van sodanige literatuur is hoofsaaklik gebaseer op uittreksels uit veelomvattende opsommings deur ander outeurs. Gevolglik is die navorsingsprobleem gekontekstualiseer en geklassifiseer as ’n hiërargiese ligging-toekenningsprobleem. Die tweede deel van die tesis beoog om die omgewing van die SAV vanuit ’n maritieme sekuriteitsperspektief te beskryf. Binne hierdie raamwerk is formulering geïdentifiseer en só gemodifiseer om ’n teoretiese meganisme te ontwikkel om die navorsingsvraag op te los. Die finale deel pas die ontwikkelde model op die spesifieke situasie van die SAV toe. Validasie van die insette sowel as die model self is gedoen in samewerking met die toepassing van die model. Die resultate tesame met die model self is deeglik bekragtig deur visuele inspeksie en onafhanklike wiskundige validasie. Hierdie tesis het tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat die SAV nie koste-effektief aan sy toekomstige operasionele verpligtinge sal kan voldoen met die verdeling van sy onderhoudsvermoë tussen ’n vlootbasis in Durban en Simonstad nie. Toekomstige navorsing kan op die resultate van hierdie tesis bou ten einde ’n meer omvattende optimalisering van voorkomende instandhoudingsnetwerke te fasiliteer.

The aim of this paper is to investigate how the view on copyright emerges in the media debate, and the overall research question is what possible explanations there might be for the view being different depending on whom the writer is and whom s/he represents. The theoretical framework is Fairclough's critical discourse analysis and the method used is the analytic model in three stages that he presents in his book Language and Power (2001). The empirical material was selected through an initial search in Media Retriever, followed by a manual se-lection process, which resulted in a final selection of eight articles, all published in Swedish daily newspapers between the years 2006 and 2014. In the analysis, two main discourses were identified – the producer discourse and the consumer discourse – in which all the texts could be placed. The producer discourse puts the interests of the author first, and holds the view that copyright law must be strong to protect the authors' rights. The consumer discourse on the other hand puts the interest of the consumer first, and their view is that the public has the right to access the world's collect-ed knowledge and culture. This paper also examines the members' resources that authors bring to the texts in the form of common sense, and also in the form of a motive for entering in the debate. Furthermore, this paper also looks at the fact that power relations between the participants in the texts are complicated as they form a com-plex web of formal and informal power relations. The conclusion is that the main explanation for the different ways of viewing copyright is the two afore-mentioned discourses, and that the members' resources the authors bring to the texts are very ideological. The ideological arguments and the complex power relations result in very rigid positions in the debate. This is a two years master's thesis in Archive, Library and Museum studies.

Tendo como norte a idéia de uma "cadeia global de mercadoria", esta tese discute o sistema formal e informal de produção e circulação de bens chineses - bugigangas e cópias - no circuito China-Paraguai-Brasil, a partir de uma etnografia multissituada realizada em Ciudad del Este, no Paraguai, e na Província de Guangdong, na China. Desde o século XVII, Guangdong tem vocação para o comércio exterior, bem como para a produção de cópias. As recentes reformas trazidas pela abertura econômica otimizaram as qualidades desse antigo mercado, formando um dos maiores pólos fabris do mundo. O preço baixo das mercadorias é viabilizado graças a uma série de fatores. De um lado, há a manutenção do trabalho intensivo sob precárias condições; de outro, há uma malha composta por laços pessoais - guanxi - que legitima e sustenta esse modelo desenvolvimento através da reciprocidade entre empresários e autoridades - a nova elite do país. O boom da região produtora estudada induz um fluxo de pessoas e mercadorias em nível planetário. No Paraguai, imigrantes chineses aproveitam as oportunidades do crescimento da terra natal e importam bens para revenderem-nos a um público da América do Sul. Além de mercadorias, os imigrantes trazem seus modos de vida e suas concepções de trabalho, as quais versam igualmente sobre a importância do guanxi. Devido à atual fiscalização na fronteira Brasil/Paraguai, o comércio de Ciudad del Este sofre forte impacto, alterando toda a cadeia de mercadorias. Este fato não aponta para o fim desse comércio, mas para a formação de novos rumos para pessoas e bens. / Starting from the concept of 'global commodity chain', this thesis discusses the formal and informal system of production and circulation of Chinese goods - cheap and fake goods - in the circuit China-Paraguay-Brazil, based on a multi-sited ethnography carried out in Ciudad del Este (Paraguay) and in Guangdong Province (China). Since the 17th century, Guangdong has had a vocation for foreign trade, as well as for copy production. The current reforms from the opening up of economy have improved the old qualities of that market. The cheap price of Chinese commodities is due to several reasons. On the one hand, there is a system based on intensive labor force under precarious conditions. On the other hand, there is a web composed by personal ties - guanxi - that legitimate and sustain this development model trough reciprocity between entrepreneurs and authorities, the new elite of the country. The boom of Guangdong induces a flow of people and commodities in a global level. In Paraguay, Chinese immigrants use the advantages of their Chinese citizenship, and import goods in order to resell them to a wider consumer public from South America. Besides commodities, the immigrants bring their lifestyles and their conceptions of work - which also refer to the importance of particularistic ties. Due to a set of controlling policies at the Brazil/Paraguay border, the trade of Ciudad del Este has suffered a strong impact, changing the whole structure of the commodity chain. This fact does not suggest the end of the trade, but the creation of new directions for people and goods.