Esta dissertação apresenta uma compreensão da reforma institucional do setor de segurança pública na China, com ênfase no período pós-1978, até o ano de 2014. O foco empírico da pesquisa recai especificamente sobre o modo de policiar, que compreende uma dimensão formal e outra informal. Evidências empíricas basearamse tanto em fontes bibliográficas, quanto em textos legais e documentos históricos traduzidos diretamente do idioma mandarim. O formato da pesquisa sociológica compreende uma elaboração teórico-metodológica de tipo compreensiva, amparada na abordagem histórica de investigação. Objetivando prover meios de conhecer a reforma por que passa o sistema de controle social na China contemporânea, foi necessário incorrer na apresentação do quadro de referência do controle social no passado, de 1949 a 1978. Não é possível pensar sobre a construção de mecanismos do direito na China à luz da concepção ocidental do direito. Por este motivo, antes da apresentação do objeto empírico, este trabalho realiza uma discussão em profundidade sobre a relevância que as particularidades históricas e culturais têm para a conformação do direito como fenômeno social. Este trabalho possibilitou evidenciar contornos no processo de transformação do controle social na China, que de 1949 a 1978 era fundado essencialmente em mecanismos informais e, a partir deste ano, passou a se caracterizar pelo desenvolvimento de instrumentos formais com contornos legais. / This paper embarks upon a sociological comprehensive analysis of the institutional reform on Chinese security sector, emphasizing the period from 1978 up to the present. The empirical dimension focuses on the phenomena of policing, which comprehends both a formal and an informal dimension. Research source materials were based on bibliographic references as well as legal and historical documents translated directly from simplified Chinese language by the author. These documents were made available online by the Chinese government. The investigation followed the method of Historical Sociology aimed at providing means for the reader to access legal institutional reform China has been through for more than three decades now. Had it not been through means of historical change, it wouldn’t have been possible to analyse institutional building in the Chinese security sector and judicial system. That change is interpreted after Chinese leadership perceptions on the importance to build law mechanisms. Therefore, prior to the presenting the findings on policing, this paper yields a previous discussion on how cultural and historical acquiescence might be important for comprehending legal developments in China. This article provides evidences the contours of the changes in Chinese social control. From 1949 until 1978, it had been characterized mainly by its informal mechanisms, and from 1978 onwards, on formal legal instruments, even though informal practices haven`t been discontinued throughout until the present time.

abstract: Of all the signals and cues that orchestrate the activities of a social insect colony, the reproductives' fertility pheromones are perhaps the most fundamental. These pheromones regulate reproductive division of labor, a defining characteristic of eusociality. Despite their critical role, reproductive fertility pheromones are not evenly expressed across the development of a social insect colony and may even be absent in the earliest colony stages. In the ant Camponotus floridanus, queens of incipient colonies do not produce the cuticular hydrocarbons that serve as fertility and egg-marking signals in this species. My dissertation investigates the consequences of the dramatic change in the quantity of these pheromones that occurs as the colony grows. C. floridanus workers from large, established colonies use egg surface hydrocarbons to discriminate among eggs. Eggs with surface hydrocarbons typical of eggs laid by established queens are nurtured, whereas eggs lacking these signals (i.e., eggs laid by workers and incipient queens) are destroyed. I characterized how workers from incipient colonies responded to eggs lacking queen fertility hydrocarbons. I found that established-queen-laid eggs, incipient-queen-laid eggs, and worker-laid eggs were not destroyed by workers at this colony stage. Destruction of worker-laid eggs is a form of policing, and theoretical models predict that policing should be strongest in incipient colonies. Since there was no evidence of policing by egg-eating in incipient C. floridanus colonies, I searched for evidence of another policing mechanism at this colony stage. Finding none, I discuss reasons why policing behavior may not be expressed in incipient colonies. I then considered the mechanism that accounts for the change in workers' response to eggs. By manipulating ants' egg experience and testing their egg-policing decisions, I found that ants use a combination of learned and innate criteria to discriminate between targets of care and destruction. Finally, I investigated how the increasing strength of queen-fertility hydrocarbons affects nestmate recognition, which also relies on cuticular hydrocarbons. I found that queens with strong fertility hydrocarbons can be transferred between established colonies without aggression, but they cannot be introduced into incipient colonies. Queens from incipient colonies cannot be transferred into incipient or established colonies. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Biology 2012

nÃo hà / AtravÃs das ferramentas analÃticas legadas por Michel Foucault, este trabalho buscou investigar as mudanÃas ocorridas na polÃcia, especialmente com a adoÃÃo da doutrina de policiamento comunitÃrio, que passou a ser difundida no Brasil na dÃcada de 1980, utilizando-se de vÃrios discursos, especialmente o da educaÃÃo, como forma de justificaÃÃo da atuaÃÃo do policial comunitÃrio, agora visto como um policial-educador. Analisando a referida doutrina, percebeu-se que, embora esteja sob os ares progressistas que o termo âcomunitÃrioâ lhe confere, tem sido articulada por uma governamentalidade neoliberal, utilizando a forma da grande empresa privada como modelo de gestÃo das corporaÃÃes policiais e, finalmente, instaurando uma cultura do empreendedorismo entre os sujeitos policiais. Tudo isso implicando em um maior controle e governamento da populaÃÃo. / Through analytical tools bequeathed by Michel Foucault, the study aims to investigate the changes in the Police, particularly with the adoption of the Community Policing Doctrine, which became widespread in Brazil in the 1980âs, in which a variety of discourses was used, especially the education, as a way to justify the actions of the Communitarian policeman, now seen as a cop-educator. Analyzing such doctrine, it is realized that, although the progressive perspectives that the term âcommunitaryâ confers to it, it has been articulated by a neoliberal governmentality, using the form of large private company as a management model to the Police Corporation and, finally, establishing a entrepreneurship culture among the policemen. All this resulting in greater control and governance of the population.

Esta dissertação apresenta uma compreensão da reforma institucional do setor de segurança pública na China, com ênfase no período pós-1978, até o ano de 2014. O foco empírico da pesquisa recai especificamente sobre o modo de policiar, que compreende uma dimensão formal e outra informal. Evidências empíricas basearamse tanto em fontes bibliográficas, quanto em textos legais e documentos históricos traduzidos diretamente do idioma mandarim. O formato da pesquisa sociológica compreende uma elaboração teórico-metodológica de tipo compreensiva, amparada na abordagem histórica de investigação. Objetivando prover meios de conhecer a reforma por que passa o sistema de controle social na China contemporânea, foi necessário incorrer na apresentação do quadro de referência do controle social no passado, de 1949 a 1978. Não é possível pensar sobre a construção de mecanismos do direito na China à luz da concepção ocidental do direito. Por este motivo, antes da apresentação do objeto empírico, este trabalho realiza uma discussão em profundidade sobre a relevância que as particularidades históricas e culturais têm para a conformação do direito como fenômeno social. Este trabalho possibilitou evidenciar contornos no processo de transformação do controle social na China, que de 1949 a 1978 era fundado essencialmente em mecanismos informais e, a partir deste ano, passou a se caracterizar pelo desenvolvimento de instrumentos formais com contornos legais. / This paper embarks upon a sociological comprehensive analysis of the institutional reform on Chinese security sector, emphasizing the period from 1978 up to the present. The empirical dimension focuses on the phenomena of policing, which comprehends both a formal and an informal dimension. Research source materials were based on bibliographic references as well as legal and historical documents translated directly from simplified Chinese language by the author. These documents were made available online by the Chinese government. The investigation followed the method of Historical Sociology aimed at providing means for the reader to access legal institutional reform China has been through for more than three decades now. Had it not been through means of historical change, it wouldn’t have been possible to analyse institutional building in the Chinese security sector and judicial system. That change is interpreted after Chinese leadership perceptions on the importance to build law mechanisms. Therefore, prior to the presenting the findings on policing, this paper yields a previous discussion on how cultural and historical acquiescence might be important for comprehending legal developments in China. This article provides evidences the contours of the changes in Chinese social control. From 1949 until 1978, it had been characterized mainly by its informal mechanisms, and from 1978 onwards, on formal legal instruments, even though informal practices haven`t been discontinued throughout until the present time.

Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2016-08-04T14:37:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jeffrey Aislan de Souza Silva.pdf: 3338220 bytes, checksum: a0d8276ff2f466e9cc07dc17d52b64b5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-04T14:37:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jeffrey Aislan de Souza Silva.pdf: 3338220 bytes, checksum: a0d8276ff2f466e9cc07dc17d52b64b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-23 / The aim of this work is to propose an analysis of the Civic Guard, a demilitarized force apparatus, at work in the main parishes of Recife, intended to inhibit the deviations, conflicts and crimes, serving between 1876 and 1890. The story of the police equipment in Brazil has been a very complex and exciting topic for researchers who seek to analyze the social transformations and its forms of social control designed to hinder practices considered troublesome and criminal. The Civic Guard was a civil uniformed police apparatus, off-quarters, under the command of the Chief of Police, with the main priority to protect the four central parishes of Recife - São Frei Pedro Gonçalves (now Recife Quarter), São José, Santo Antônio and Boa Vista - which were the main target of urban improvements experienced by the city in the period screen. In 1880, the guard was extended to the Parish of Freguesia de Nossa Senhora da Graça, and in 1890 to Afogados. Several changes and improvements could be seen, however, population behavior, especially the poorer classes, had no major changes. Therefore, we believe that the Civic Guard was formed in one of the projects set to Recife in the nineteenth century in an attempt to fight crime and discipline the population, since the squares of the institution should behave civilized, polite and courteous to all, with the new way to behave in the urban environment. In our analysis of this police force - using as base police sources and the press - we will emphasize its activities in combating criminal offenses and practices, showing that in many instances the institution has completely distanced itself from its civilizing project. / O objetivo desta dissertação é propor uma análise sobre a Guarda Cívica, um aparato policial desmilitarizado, posto para atuar nas principais freguesias do Recife, com intenção de inibir os desvios, conflitos e crimes, atuando entre 1876 e 1890. A história dos aparatos policiais no Brasil tem se mostrado um tema bastante complexo e instigante para os pesquisadores que buscam analisar as transformações sociais e as formas de controle social criados para dificultar práticas consideradas desordeiras e criminosas. A Guarda Cívica foi um aparato policial uniformizado, civil e desaquartelado, que estava sob comando do Chefe de Polícia, tendo como principal função fazer o policiamento nas quatro freguesias centrais do Recife – São Frei Pedro Gonçalves (hoje Bairro do Recife), São José, Santo Antônio e Boa Vista – que eram os principais alvos dos melhoramentos urbanos vivenciados pela cidade no período em tela. Em 1880, o policiamento efetuado pela instituição foi estendido para a Freguesia de Nossa Senhora da Graça, e em 1890 para Afogados. A cidade do Recife apresentou diversas mudanças e melhoramentos materiais, entretanto, o comportamento da população, principalmente as classes mais pobres não apresentou grandes mudanças. Portanto, acreditamos que a Guarda Cívica se constituiu em um dos projetos instituídos para o Recife no século XIX, na tentativa de combater a criminalidade e disciplinar a população, já que as praças da instituição deveriam se portar civilizados, polidos e corteses com todos, apresentando a nova maneira de se comportar no ambiente urbano. Em nossa análise sobre esse aparato policial, utilizando como base fontes policiais e a imprensa, enfatizaremos sua atuação no combate as práticas criminosas e delitos, mostrando que em muitos momentos a instituição se distanciou completamente de seu projeto civilizador.

nÃo hà / O objetivo geral desse trabalho à avaliar o impacto do policiamento comunitÃrio (programa âRonda do QuarteirÃoâ) na distribuiÃÃo espacial e sÃcio econÃmica da criminalidade e da violÃncia na regiÃo metropolitana de Fortaleza atravÃs de uma metodologia quase-experimental. Em linhas gerais, a metodologia implementada para medir o impacto do programa RONDA à baseada nos modelos de AnÃlise de IntervenÃÃo. Esta metodologia assume que uma sÃrie temporal recebe uma intervenÃÃo em um marco especÃfico da sua dinÃmica, e assume que mudanÃas ocorridas apÃs a intervenÃÃo (ceteris paribus) sÃo motivadas pelo choque externo. No caso especÃfico a intervenÃÃo serà o inÃcio do programa RONDA que se deu em novembro de 2007. Das anÃlises feitas, verificou-se nos resultados obtidos atravÃs apenas de inspeÃÃes visuais e simples cÃlculos de mÃdias nos diferentes subperÃodos, prà e pÃs intervenÃÃo, que o programa RONDA nÃo afetou a sÃrie de roubo a pessoas e roubo a estabelecimento comercial, porÃm contribuiu para a diminuiÃÃo da quantidade de roubo a residÃncias. Em suma, o programa RONDA teve efeito estatisticamente significante em apenas um tipo de crime: roubo a residÃncias. AlÃm da pesquisa quantitativa, ainda faz parte dessa dissertaÃÃo uma pesquisa qualitativa que foi realizada seis meses apÃs a intervenÃÃo do programa. Nela foi constatado que 72% da populaÃÃo consideram o programa Ãtimo/bom e 66 % afirmam estarem mais seguros. Estes dados qualitativos corroboram para se afirmar que a intervenÃÃo do programa foi positiva. Este experimento à um marco na Ãrea de seguranÃa, pois usa mÃtodos cientÃficos, baseados em anÃlise estatÃstica, para avaliar um programa de governo, o Ronda do QuarteirÃo. Este à o maior ganho social que o Estado do Cearà pode obter nessa Ãrea, pois atravÃs dele abre-se uma porta onde os conhecimentos acadÃmicos somados à prÃtica policial terà como resultado um modelo de seguranÃa inteligente, moderno e otimizado. / General objective of this study is to assess the impact of community policing (the "Round Block") in the spatial and socio economic crime and violence in metropolitan Fortaleza through a quasi-experimental methodology. In general the methodology implemented to assess the impact of the program is based on models RONDA Analysis of Intervention. This methodology assumes that a series receives an intervention in a specific framework of its dynamics, and assumes that changes after the intervention (ceteris paribus) are motivated by external shock. Our case-specific intervention will be the start of RONDA that was in November 2007. Of the analysis, we found that the results only through visual inspection and simple calculations of averages in the different sub-periods, pre and post intervention, the program seems to have RONDA positively affected the number of people to theft and robbery to a business, not helped to decrease the amount of theft from residences. In short, the program had RONDA statistically significant effect in only one type of crime: theft from residences. Besides the quantitative research, is still part of this thesis a qualitative research that was conducted six months after the intervention program. It was found that 72% of the population considers the program excellent / good and 66% say they are safer. These qualitative data corroborate the claim that the program intervention was positive. This experiment is a milestone in the security area because it uses scientific methods based on statistical analysis to evaluate a government program, the Quarter Round. This is the greatest social gain that the state of Ceara in this area can get, because through it opens a door where academic knowledge coupled with the police practice will result in a security model smart, modern and optimized.

M.A.

Police presence on social media in Sweden has grown in recent years. New social networking tools have resulted in changes of practice in communication. This qualitative study examines how one local Police department in Sweden presents themselves on Facebook. Drawing on critical discourse analysis this paper focuses on uncovering personal values and power relations in various Police discourses but also how identity is shaped. Analyzing one year of Facebook posts from Polisen Södermalm, we identified several thematic discourses and found that content in the informal discourse reproduce some values not supported by policy or principles of public servantship. Our study contributes with qualitative analysis and findings in a field that still needs more work.

Notre thèse porte sur les interactions entre policiers et population et plus particulièrement sur l’expérience policière des pratiques interactionnelles par lesquelles les policiers et la population coordonnent leurs activités dans l’espace public, aussi dans une dimension fortuite et éventuellement non problématique.<p>Inscrite dans une perspective inductive et compréhensive, notre analyse se fonde sur un matériau récolté en recourant aux techniques d’observation in situ et d’entretiens informels. Les policiers qui font l’objet de cette étude appartiennent à deux groupes a priori différents dans la police locale en région bruxelloise :d’une part, les policiers patrouilleurs dont le référentiel professionnel s’inscrit dans le modèle de police traditionnel, et d’autre part, les inspecteurs de quartier dont le référentiel doit s’inspirer du modèle de police de proximité. Ce processus de recherche articulé autour d’une immersion de type ethnographique en milieu policier repose également sur la dimension réflexive de l’engagement du chercheur, ce dont nous rendons aussi compte dans notre travail. <p>Notre analyse des routines d’interactions des policiers et de la population s’appuie sur la sociologie de Goffman (1973, 1974, 1991). Sa théorisation des cadres sociaux nous a soutenu dans l’élaborons des outils « cadre policier » et « cadre ordinaire » pour référer aux routines d’interactions que nous distinguons. L’analyse de ces interactions s’inscrit dans la diachronie des rencontres observées. Plus concrètement, entre la première séquence de coprésence et la dernière dédiée à la séparation des participants, l’analyse porte successivement sur l’entrée en contact, les formes de la rencontre, les changements de lieux et l’imprévisibilité qui caractérisent ces interactions. Les modalités de la mise en œuvre des routines policières d’interactions révèlent alors les caractéristiques du cadre policier. <p>Celui-ci se manifeste à travers différents ajustements au contact du cadre ordinaire. Les attentes et les pratiques des policiers en interaction s’adaptent aux attentes et aux pratiques de la population et ce dans une relative flexibilité. Le cadre policier emboîte, tolère ou simule le cadre ordinaire. Il peut aussi faiblir devant lui ou s’imposer à lui à moins qu’in fine le cadre policier ne résiste. Toutefois cette flexibilité connaît des limites et des conditions défavorables, voire extrêmes quand les policiers sont dans l’impossibilité de mettre en œuvre le cadre policier qui dès lors ce rompt. La violence des pratiques policières est une manifestation de la rupture du cadre policier. Par ailleurs, la flexibilité du cadre policier est restreinte dans les lieux policiers tels que la voiture de patrouille et le commissariat où les procédures formelles limitent l’autonomie des policiers. En contraste, l’espace public se présente comme le lieu qui réunit les conditions soutenant la plus grande variété d’ajustements du cadre policier au cadre ordinaire, jusqu’à rendre possible des rencontres « heureuses » et spontanées.<p>Au terme de cette analyse, nos résultats participent de façon innovante aux discussions en sociologie policière. Car, au-delà des traditionnelles divergences entre les métiers de policier patrouilleur et de quartier, nous soulignons leurs similitudes quand leurs routines d’interactions tendent à intégrer celles de la population tout en poursuivant les objectifs institutionnels. La reconnaissance de l’engagement de la population se présente alors comme un déterminant de l’activité policière qui est davantage de nature à la soutenir qu’à la restreindre. <p> / Doctorat en Criminologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Considering police-public consultation forums as a device, or tactic, to ‘civilize’ policing, the possibilities and limitations of ‘civilizing policing’ using this method can be shown. Police-public consultation forums can ‘civilize’ policing – in the sense Loader and Walker (2007) use the term – by contributing to police reform, democratic policing, and police legitimacy. Using the case of Edinburgh, Scotland, the achievements of police-public consultation forums for reform, democratic policing, and legitimacy, are examined and an argument made that consultation forums can make positive contributions in each of these areas. However, the example of consultation forums also reveals significant conceptual and structural limitations to the ideas of reform, democracy, and legitimacy when applied to the police. These limitations are articulated using the social theory of Simmel, Weber, and Lukes: Simmel and Weber reveal the inflexibility and non-negotiable aspects of the police that defies reform and democratic ambitions; Lukes provides an important precautionary perspective on the ‘democraticness’ of democratic devices; and, comparing Lukes with the work of Weber provides a view on legitimacy that reveals advanced complexities to ‘police legitimacy’. In sum, police-public consultation forums contribute to ‘civilizing policing’, but it is also useful to reflect and consider the non-negotiable limits the ‘form’ of the police applies to possible positive change.