Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-05-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:24:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 vieira_slabr_dr_arafcl_parcial.pdf: 147450 bytes, checksum: 9ed08a43cfa225a6c445cb8097cb0468 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2015-06-30T11:22:04Z: vieira_slabr_dr_arafcl_parcial.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-06-30T11:23:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000723037_20171410.pdf: 131089 bytes, checksum: 18c76444b6f0227fc373a090a26b2899 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2018-01-02T17:04:41Z: 000723037_20171410.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2018-01-02T17:05:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000723037.pdf: 1840029 bytes, checksum: 699d23cd4cb047afb377d91ec5148ec7 (MD5) / Tem esta tese o objetivo de descrever e analisar o processo de formação dos phrasal verbs da língua inglesa e posterior extensão semântica que dá origem às diferentes acepções convencionalizadas e registradas em dicionários especializados do idioma. A definição de phrasal verb, nesta pesquisa, limita-se a uma locução verbal constituída por um verbo lexical e uma partícula adverbial (two-word verb), cujo significado total da construção não pode ser depreendido pela simples somatória dos significados individuais dos termos integrantes. São construções tradicionalmente rotuladas de idiossincrasias lexicais pelo fato de impetrarem enorme dificuldade de classificação, denominação, interpretação, uso, além de representar grande empecilho no âmbito do ensino-aprendizagem do inglês como língua estrangeira (ILE) ou segunda língua (ISL). Partindo da concepção de que a forma emana do sentido e que os itens lexicais (ILs) são categorias conceptuais que representam uma rede de significados e sentidos distintos, mas relacionados, que exibe efeitos prototípicos, a pesquisa desenvolvida enquadra-se no domínio da Semântica Lexical Cognitiva, abordando a dimensão semasiológica-qualitativa. A fundamentação teórica-metodológica é embasada pela Teoria da Integração e Desintegração Conceptual e os construtos cognitivos empregados como ferramentas na operalização são: os “frames semânticos”, os “esquemas de imagem”, os “espaços mentais” e os “domínios conceptuais”. O corpus analisado foi selecionado a partir de dois critérios: (i) familiaridade conceptual (phrasal verb knock out) e (ii) frequência de uso (phrasal verb go on). A seleção das acepções obedeceu somente ao critério frequência de uso no British National Corpus (BNC) e dicionários especializados da língua inglesa. Os contextos... / The purpose of this thesis is to describe and analyze the process of how phrasal verbs are formed in English, and further semantic extension as a source of different meanings conventionalized and found in specialized dictionaries in English. In this research the definition of phrasal verb is limited - two-word verbs consisting of a lexical verb and an adverbial particle, which the meaning cannot be deduced by simply adding the meanings of the terms. These constructions are traditionally labeled lexical idiosyncrasies because they are seen as enormously difficult to classify, describe, interpret, use, and represent major hindrance in the teaching and learning of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) or Second Language (ESL). Based on the assumption that form derives from meaning, and that lexical units are conceptual categories representing a network of meanings and distinct meanings, yet related, exhibiting prototypical effects, the research developed fits in the field of Cognitive Lexical Semantics, semasiological-qualitative dimension approach. The theoretical-methodological approach is based on the Conceptual Disintegration and Conceptual Integration Theory and the cognitive constructs employed as tools for operating are: semantic frames, image schemas, mental spaces and conceptual domains. The corpus analyzed was selected based on two criteria: (i) conceptual familiarity (phrasal verb knock out) and (ii) frequency of use (phrasal verb go on). The selection of the senses obeyed only the criterion of frequency used in the British National Corpus (BNC) and specialized dictionaries in English. The contexts analyzed were taken from the web corpus, two criteria were determined: (i) authenticity of the material and (ii) accessibility, according to the level of understanding considered B2 (high intermediate), corresponding to the standards... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Odair Luiz Nadin da Silva / Banca: Vera Lúcia Menezes de Oliveira e Paiva / Banca: Tiago Timponi Torrent / Banca: Rosane de Andrade Berlinck / Banca: Ana Eliza Barbosa de Oliveira Baptista / Resumo: Tem esta tese o objetivo de descrever e analisar o processo de formação dos phrasal verbs da língua inglesa e posterior extensão semântica que dá origem às diferentes acepções convencionalizadas e registradas em dicionários especializados do idioma. A definição de phrasal verb, nesta pesquisa, limita-se a uma locução verbal constituída por um verbo lexical e uma partícula adverbial (two-word verb), cujo significado total da construção não pode ser depreendido pela simples somatória dos significados individuais dos termos integrantes. São construções tradicionalmente rotuladas de idiossincrasias lexicais pelo fato de impetrarem enorme dificuldade de classificação, denominação, interpretação, uso, além de representar grande empecilho no âmbito do ensino-aprendizagem do inglês como língua estrangeira (ILE) ou segunda língua (ISL). Partindo da concepção de que a forma emana do sentido e que os itens lexicais (ILs) são categorias conceptuais que representam uma rede de significados e sentidos distintos, mas relacionados, que exibe efeitos prototípicos, a pesquisa desenvolvida enquadra-se no domínio da Semântica Lexical Cognitiva, abordando a dimensão semasiológica-qualitativa. A fundamentação teórica-metodológica é embasada pela Teoria da Integração e Desintegração Conceptual e os construtos cognitivos empregados como ferramentas na operalização são: os "frames semânticos", os "esquemas de imagem", os "espaços mentais" e os "domínios conceptuais". O corpus analisado foi selecionado a partir de dois critérios: (i) familiaridade conceptual (phrasal verb knock out) e (ii) frequência de uso (phrasal verb go on). A seleção das acepções obedeceu somente ao critério frequência de uso no British National Corpus (BNC) e dicionários especializados da língua inglesa. Os contextos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to describe and analyze the process of how phrasal verbs are formed in English, and further semantic extension as a source of different meanings conventionalized and found in specialized dictionaries in English. In this research the definition of phrasal verb is limited - two-word verbs consisting of a lexical verb and an adverbial particle, which the meaning cannot be deduced by simply adding the meanings of the terms. These constructions are traditionally labeled lexical idiosyncrasies because they are seen as enormously difficult to classify, describe, interpret, use, and represent major hindrance in the teaching and learning of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) or Second Language (ESL). Based on the assumption that form derives from meaning, and that lexical units are conceptual categories representing a network of meanings and distinct meanings, yet related, exhibiting prototypical effects, the research developed fits in the field of Cognitive Lexical Semantics, semasiological-qualitative dimension approach. The theoretical-methodological approach is based on the Conceptual Disintegration and Conceptual Integration Theory and the cognitive constructs employed as tools for operating are: "semantic frames", "image schemas", "mental spaces" and "conceptual domains". The corpus analyzed was selected based on two criteria: (i) conceptual familiarity (phrasal verb knock out) and (ii) frequency of use (phrasal verb go on). The selection of the senses obeyed only the criterion of frequency used in the British National Corpus (BNC) and specialized dictionaries in English. The contexts analyzed were taken from the web corpus, two criteria were determined: (i) authenticity of the material and (ii) accessibility, according to the level of understanding considered B2 (high intermediate), corresponding to the standards... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

This study aims to investigate to what extent Swedish upper secondary school learners of L2 English understand the meanings of polysemous words and whether puns can be used to teach such words. A test and two questionnaires were constructed to retrieve data from both students and teachers. The results of the study show that Swedish upper secondary school learners of L2 English generally have an acceptable knowledge of polysemous words, but depending on the type of program the students are attending, their understanding differs. Based on these results, it was also concluded that puns can be used in education to teach students about the meanings of polysemous words. The results from the questionnaires display that students in general have a positive attitude towards using puns in the classroom and that they found them entertaining and humorous. In addition, the students also saw this approach as beneficial to their retention and motivation. Lastly, the teachers expressed that using humor can strengthen the learning process, and if the students find the teaching situation enjoyable, they learn faster and it can increase their retention.

No description available.

Thesis (MA (Ancient Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis spreek die probleem aan van polisemie in die beskrywing van die Bybels- Hebreeuse lekseem תחת in die Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Tradisioneel word die lekseem meestal as ‘n voorsetsel beskou. In hierdie ondersoek word aangetoon dat die lekseem ook as as ‘n naamwoord, bywoord of voegwoord gebruik kan word. ‘n Kritiese analise van standaard Bybels-Hebreeuse woordeboeke toon aan dat hierdie bronne mank gaan ‘n leksikografies begronde raamwerk in terme waarvan polisimiese lekseme ge-orden kan word. Wat nodig is vir hierdie doeleindes, is leksikale beskrywings eerder as ‘n lys “oënskynlike” betekenisse. Dit word verder duidelik aangetoon dat vertalingsekwivalente nie altyd gelykgestel kan word aan die betekenis van ‘n lekseem nie – ‘n praktyk wat al jare lank onkrities aanvaar word. Kognitief-linguistiese instrumente ten opsigte van kategorisering en leksikale semantiek word dan ingespan om die lekseem תחת beter te beskryf. Hierdie studie verteenwoordig so ‘n kognitief-linguistiese analise van die polisemiese dimensies van die semantiese netwerk van תחת , wat ook bruikbaar kan wees in digitale leksikografie. Die voorgestelde netwerk word gekomplementeer deur semantiese diagramme wat die betekenis grafies uitbeeld in plaas daarvan om dit met behulp van vertalingsekwivalente te beskryf. Die betekenisonderskeidings wat getref word, is die volgende: substantief (onderkant), plek (spesifieke plek “spot”), substitusie (in die plek van), uitruiling (in ruil vir), oorsaaklikheid (omdat) en implisiete perspektief (x onder [die spreker]). Hierdie betekenisonderskeidings word georganiseer met behulp van ‘n grafiese netwerk wat die semantiese verhouding tussen die verskillende nuanse illustreer. Die semantiese netwerk stel ook ‘n ontwikkelingsprofiel van die lekseem voor. Hierdie diagram bied ‘n moontlike verklaring waarom תחת ‘n bepaalde reeks polemiese onderskeidings simboliseer. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis addresses the problem of polysemy in describing the biblical Hebrew lexeme תחת in the Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Traditionally treated as mainly a preposition, it is demonstrated in this study that תחת can also be used as a noun, adverb or conjunction. A critical analysis of standard biblical Hebrew lexica reveals that they typically lack a clear lexicographic framework with which polysemous lexemes can be organized. Ideally, this would offer lexical explanations to users of a lexicon rather than supply lists of alleged meanings. Further, it is also made clear that target language glosses can no longer be accepted as "meaning", a practice which has been uncritically accepted for years. In order to move beyond English glosses, cognitive linguistic tools for categorization and lexical semantics are utilized. This thesis contributes a cognitive linguistic analysis of the polysemous lexeme תחת and a semantic network of תחת that can be useful for digital lexicography. The proposed network is complemented by frame semantic diagrams which describe meaning imagically rather than only with a target language gloss. The various senses established are: substantive (underpart), place (spot), substitution (in place of), exchange (in exchange for), vertical spatial (under), approximately under (at the foot of), control (under the hand), causation (because), and implied perspective (x below [the speaker]). These senses are organized in the proposed network showing the semantic relationship between the senses. The semantic network also provides an evolutionarily plausible explanation of how תחת came to symbolize so many distinct polysemies.

文本的多義（polysemy）現象往往是文學閱讀樂趣產生之由來，然而具有多義性的文本卻未必侷限於純文學文本，筆者觀察30年來的廣告文本中的語言，發現具有多義性的廣告語言越來越多，廣告語言的創作手法甚有文學化的傾向。又由於文本的多義性，有時在傳播過程中便容易產生歧義（ambiguity）解讀。 基於上述理由，筆者在本文中首先釐清多義與歧義觀念上的不同，並藉用現代語言學的觀念、結構主義與後結構主義的觀點、當代漢語語法分析的方法、傳播學中的言語行為理論、傳播社會學的受播者自選性理論等等學理觀念和方法，探討近30年來較有名的廣告文本之語言的詞義、結構，以掌握廣告語言詞義、結構與語義間的關係，同時輔以語用的分析；在閱聽人的解讀反應上，則搜集報章雜誌中與該廣告語言所引起的爭議及討論的相關報導做為分析參酌之材料，進而掌握廣告語言的歧義現象產生的原因與影響。 本研究希望藉由詞義分析、語法結構分析及語義判讀掌握廣告語言與文化語境的關係，歸納出廣告語言多義與歧義產生的原因與歧義現象的影響，期望在整個廣告語言與社會文化的互動過程中，能更清楚地掌握廣告語言的可能意指及其在絢麗的語言符號背後所指涉的社會文化意涵。 由於不同結構的廣告語言各有不同的使用目的或使用之場合，在實例分析上，筆者將其分為「詞」與「詞組」、「單句」、「複句」三個單元。而筆者分析所得的大致成果是： 在「多義解讀與文本語境」方面，文本多義性的形成，除了詞語本身的多義性是歷時必然發展出的結果之外，文本語境中的修辭技巧、文本語境中的語言結構省略、文本語境中的多層次語法結構、聲音與畫面未能提供妥善限制等等都是重要因素。 在「歧義解讀與文化語境」方面，影響歧義解讀的文化語境因素可歸納為：不同文化背景的認知差異、不同性別的思考差異、不同年齡層的不同價值觀、語言禁忌的思考等四個因素，然而這四個因素有時候並不是單獨存在，造成歧義解讀的因素，有時頗單純，有時卻呈現頗為錯綜複雜的情形。 多義文本提供閱讀樂趣，自古以來是文學作品的普遍現象，然而，作為資訊閱讀的廣告語言，從多義性進而產生歧義解讀則會有如下影響： （一）愈簡短的廣告語言形式造成的歧義解讀對品牌影響愈大 （二）形成話題、達到宣傳效果 （三）影響品牌形象與商品接受度 （四）造成爭議、引起訴訟

本論文試圖經由檢視過去對於漢語情態動詞的研究，找出最適合稱為「情態動詞」的十二個情態動詞，並以此為基礎建立適合漢語情態動詞的語意分類方式：主要分三大類—動力情態、義務情態、認知情態。同時也從共時與歷時的角度檢視漢語裡的五個多義情態動詞，包括會、能、要、可以、應該。研究發現這五個多義情態動詞所顯現的多義都是極度相關的。首先，五個多義情態動詞都有以上三大類的情態意義，其中又以動力情態為中心意義。此外，本研究確立多義情態動詞的發展方向與階段，由動力情態延伸出來的義務情態是透過主觀化的認知機制(Traugott 1980)，之後，由義務情態發展出來的認知情態則是由於主觀化與隱喻(Sweetser 1990)的運作。最後，本文也探討了情態與句法的互動關係。 / The purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship among polysemous modal verbs in Mandarin Chinese (hui4, neng2, yao4, ke3yi3, ying1gai1). It is found that the multiple modal senses encoded in the five polysemous modal verbs are closely-related. Through a careful examination on both synchronic and diachronic data of the five polysemous modal verbs, it is suggested that each of them exhibit three major modality types, including dynamic (ability, volition), deontic (directive, commissive), and epistemic (judgmental) modalities. At Stage I of the path of development, dynamic modality, as the core meaning of polysemous modal verbs, is extended to deontic modality through the cognitively-driven mechanism—subjectification, which is proposed by Traugott (1989). Then, epistemic modality is developed from deontic modality at Stage II through both subjectification and metaphorization (Sweetser 1990). After determining the direction and stages of the development path of the five polysemous modal verbs, a feature-based classification for modality types of Chinese modal verbs is provided in order to incorporate the differences and similarities among the three modality types (dynamic, deontic, and epistemic modalities). Finally, the interaction between modalities and other syntactic elements (predicates and arguments) is discussed with examples.

Le présent travail traite la lange serbe et la littérature serbe dès ses origines jusqu'à l'époque contemporaine ; les notions élémentaires concernant les termes employés en sémantique en général ainsi que ceux employés dans ledit travail, tels que l'homonymie, la polysémie, la synonymie etc. Notre travail présente la liaison entre la sémantique et la rhétorique. A cette fin, il traite les figures de style et les tropes, sous le prisme linguistique. Il s'agit particulièrement de la métaphore, la métonymie et la synecdoque. Les différents types de métaphores sont abordés : la métaphore morte, la métaphore avec la copule et la métaphore ayant le verbe autre que la copule. Le dernier type de métaphore fait preuve qu'elle n'est pas une comparaison abrégée. Toutes les formes de métonymie sont examinées, ainsi que la synecdoque avec ses sous formes. La théorie ensembliste à l'aide de laquelle la métonymie et la synecdoque sont présentées démontre clairement que la synecdoque a une autonomie significative et qu'elle ne peut être considérée comme une simple sous forme de métonymie. / This work focuses on the Serbian language and literature from its beginnings until the present days, and on the basic concepts concerning the terms used in the general semantic as well as the terms that were used in this work such as homonymy, polysemy, synonymy etc. This work represents the connection between the semantics and the rhetoric. It deals with the figures of speech and the tropes in the light of linguistics. It focuses mainly on metaphor, metonymy and synecdoche. The different types of the metaphor have been taken in consideration: dead metaphor, metaphor with the copula and metaphor with a verb instead of the copula. The last mentioned type of metaphor proves that this figure of speech is not an abbreviated comparison. All the types of the metonymy were examined, as well as synecdoche with its subtypes. The theory of sets that was used for graphic presentation of the different types of metonymy and synecdoche clearly shows that the synecdoche has a significant autonomy and cannot be considered as a simple subtype of the metonymy.

This is a study of the polysemous language in John Milton's Paradise Lost. Unlike some of his seventeenth-century contemporaries, Milton did not harbor a mistrust of highly symbolic and interpretable language, and the fact that he did not has deep repercussions in Milton's great epic. I examine the porous and mutable nature of Edenic language, and how it challenges the idea of prelapsarian language as devoid of polysemous gloss. Prior to the Fall, Adam and Eve's perfect acquisition of knowledge is not undermined by the symbolism of language. Nevertheless, Satan cleverly exploits the polysemy of Edenic language in order to effectuate Adam and Eve's transgression. Ultimately, Milton's Paradise Lost departs from common seventeenth-century theories about language and knowledge. Milton's view is unique in that it retains a positive view of symbolic language and suggests that postlapsarian humanity is bereft of divine guidance and left to struggle for knowledge through experience. / by Suzanne Harrawood. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2009. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2009. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Em Metaphors we live by, Lakoff e Johnson apresentam uma nova perspectiva de metáfora. Esta não é apenas um recurso lingüístico, mas estrutura conceitual determinada culturalmente. Nosso pensamento está estruturado com base em metáforas conceituais que nos possibilitam compreender um tipo de coisa em termos de outra; noções abstratas por meio da nossa experiência física. Com base nesta perspectiva de metáfora, analisamos quatro raízes hebraicas, ??? (rdl), ??? (tsv\"), ??? (yrd) e ??? (\"lh), dando ênfase às suas formas verbais, cujos sentidos passam de uma experiência concreta para outras mais abstratas. Nosso objetivo é demonstrar em que medida metáforas orientacionais e ontológicas contribuem para a ampliação lexical por ampliação semântica de uma palavra em hebraico. Para tanto, fizemos uma análise dos sentidos das raízes selecionadas, acompanhando parte de sua evolução semântica. Partimos de exemplos do texto bíblico, principal referência da língua hebraica, e contrastamos com exemplos de textos jornalísticos modernos disponíveis no site do jornal israelense Ha\'arets. / In Metaphors we live by, Lakoff and Johnson present a new perspective on metaphors. Metaphor is not merely viewed as a linguistic resource, but as a conceptual cultural structure culturally determined. Thinking is structured through conceptual metaphors which enable the comprehension of a certain thing in terms another; abstract notions through physical experience. Based on this view of metaphor, we analyzed four hebrew roots: ??? (rdl), ??? (tsv\"), ??? (yrd) and ??? (\"lh), emphasizing their verbal forms, whose meanings change from concrete experience to abstract ones. Our aim is show to which extent orientational and ontological metaphors contribute to lexical expansion through semantic expansion of a word, in hebrew. With this objective, we analyzed the meanings of roots selected, observing part of their semantic evolution. We started from examples from biblical text, the main reference of the Hebrew language, and contrasted them with modern journalistic texts available on the website of Israeli newspaper Ha\'arets