Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:30:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavio Augusto Antunes.pdf: 587638 bytes, checksum: e38d8fd384e746318641f7f12aaab1a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-09 / Centro Universitário Assunção UNIFAI / The dissertation shall treat the principle of the presumption of innocence, by approaching its historical evolution and its current concepts within the legal system in which it is fitted. The mentioned principle shall be analyzed in the scope of international treaties and legal systems of other countries. The dissertation shall also deal with the so called criminal law of the enemy, as amended by the current doctrine of criminal law, by presenting its origins and the treatment it received in the legislation of other countries, in order to demonstrate the cases in which this right is currently previewed in the Brazilian legislation. At the end, a critical analysis on the possibility of harmonizing the principle of the presumption of innocence and the criminal law of the enemy shall be accomplished, by making some conclusive reflections on the paths of the criminal law in the future, by considering the coexistence of both systems / A dissertação tratará do princípio da presunção de inocência, abordando a sua evolução histórica e a sua conceituação atual, dentro do sistema legal em que enquadrado. Referido princípio será analisado no âmbito dos tratados internacionais e dos sistemas legais de outros países. A dissertação também cuidará do denominado direito penal do inimigo, conforme destaque da doutrina atual de direito penal, apresentando as suas origens e o tratamento que lhe foi dado pela legislação de outros países, para se demonstrarem, também, os casos em que esse direito é atualmente previsto na legislação brasileira. Ao final, buscar-se-á fazer uma análise crítica sobre a possibilidade de harmonização entre o princípio da presunção de inocência e o sistema do direito penal do inimigo, fazendo algumas reflexões conclusivas sobre os caminhos do direito penal do futuro, considerando a coexistência de ambos os sistemas

The government of Sweden encourage the development of electricity produced from renewable sources by maintaining an electricity certificates system in which producers that use renewable sources in their production are given certificates. The system is regulated in the Swedish Electricity Certificates Act (lag (2003:113) om elcertifikat). To prevent fraudulent behaviour a penalty fee is charged upon producers that have recieved certificates due to incorrect or misleading information. The penalty fee can be appealed to a court but under the Electricity Certificates Act it is not allowed to reduce or adjust. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse if the penalty fee in the Electricity Certificates Act meets the requirements of legal certainty in article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights (the Convention) including right to a fair trial and to be seen as innocence until proven guilty. The method used is analysing applicable sources in accordance with the Swedish legal hierarchy in which laws have the highest value. The Convention is incorporated into Swedish law and has the same legal value as such. Judgments from the European Court of Human Rights on the Swedish tax surcharge are used for guidance on how to interpret article 6 in the Convention. Two cases from Swedish courts concerning the penalty fee are used to find what problems the penalty fee encounters in a legal process. The rules on the penalty fee does not allow adjustments of it and circumstances in each case cannot be taken into consideration, therefore the penalty fee can be charged even when it would be unreasonable and there is a conflict with legal certainty in article 6 of the Convention. For that matter rules on evidentiary issues also has to be implemented. Courts can refuse to use rules which are in conflict with the Convention, but it is concluded that a change in regulation is needed.

O objeto de estudo desta dissertação é uma análise quanto à mitigação do princípio da presunção de inocência, quando confrontado com as espécies de criminalidade. Na pesquisa empírica realizada, foram levantados os dados, inicialmente os inquéritos policiais do ano de 2009, na cidade do Recife, relacionada às investigações de crimes contra a administração pública, efetuados pela Delegacia Especializada de Repressão aos Crimes contra a Administração Pública, e as investigações de crimes de roubo realizados pela Delegacia Especializada de Repressão ao Roubo, analisando posteriormente a transformação destes inquéritos em processos, sendo levantados estes no Tribunal de Justiça de Pernambuco - TJPE em seu site na internet, fazendo uma análise da relação do princípio da presunção de inocência com as medidas cautelares deferidas, o lapso temporal em relação à sentença de primeiro grau, os recursos interpostos, o lapso temporal em relação ao trânsito em julgado, bem como a análise da divulgação pela mídia dos fatos e pessoas investigados, sendo estes dados levantados através de pesquisa na internet pelo Google, tendo como filtro inicial os nomes das pessoas indiciadas. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão de literatura, além do método estatístico/boleana. A análise qualitativa da pesquisa viabilizou a demonstração da mitigação do citado princípio de forma diferenciada a depender da criminalidade colocada à frente, se grave violenta ou grave não violenta Na revisão de literatura, estuda-se aspectos da verdade e justiça, a construção e desenvolvimento do princípio da presunção de inocência, bem como a utilidade das decisões. Analisa ainda as formas de controle e a atuação dos meios de comunicação, a colisão de direitos fundamentais em relação ao princípio da presunção de inocência, bem como sua ligação com a seletividade em relação à criminalidade e sua relativização face à criminalidade grave violenta e não violenta. / The aim of this study dissertation is analyzing on mitigation of the presumption of innocence principle when confronted with types of criminality. In the empirical research, data were initially collected from police inquiry in the year 2009 from Recife city, related to crimes investigations against public administration obtained from Specialized Police Department for Repression Crime against Public administration and the theft crimes investigations recorded by the Specialized Police Department of Theft Repression, analyzing later the evolution of this inquiry during lawsuit, collected from Pernambuco Justice Tribunal (TJPE) site, studying the relation between presumption of innocence principles and protective measures differed, the temporal limits related with the verdict of first degree, the appeals, temporal limits related with the process in judgment, the media divulgation by the facts and investigated persons were informations obtained from google research, doing a initial screening of indicted persons. The literature review and the statistical Boolean/method were applied in the methodology. The research qualitative analysis allowed to demonstrating the mitigation of this principle in a different way, according to the violent grave criminality or not violent grave criminality. The truth and justice aspects, the construction and development of the presumption of innocence principle, as well as the decisions utility were studied in the literature review founded in legal dogmas. The media communication way of control and act, the collision of fundamental rights and the presumption of innocence principle relation, besides the connection of the selectivity criminality and its connection with violent grave criminality and not violent grave criminality are also analyzed.

La liberté d’expression est aujourd’hui considérée comme l’un des éléments essentiels d’une société démocratique. Sous l’impulsion de la jurisprudence européenne et interaméricaine des droits de l’homme, elle a acquis une dimension nouvelle et bénéficie d’une large protection. Cependant, et malgré son importance, cette liberté n’est pas absolue, elle doit être conciliée avec d’autres droits de valeur équivalente et des impératifs juridiques qui méritent aussi d’être protégés.Traditionnellement le moyen de régulation et de sanction des abus de la liberté d’expression a été le droit pénal. Cependant, le renforcement de la liberté a produit, de manière inversement proportionnelle, un phénomène de «retrait progressif» du droit pénal, lequel est considéré de moins en moins comme un mode «strictement nécessaire» etproportionnel de sanction par rapport au but poursuivi. Cette thèse analyse la pertinence du recours au droit pénal dans le domaine judiciaire, où la liberté d’expression se trouve souvent confrontée au droit à la présomption d’innocence, droit à la réputation, et aux impératifs de protection de l’autorité et de l’impartialité du pouvoir judiciaire. La question est abordée à partir d’une approche de politique criminelle, laquelle nous permet de déborder le champ du droit pénal, pour fairedes propositions de régulation et de sanction nouvelles, d’une nature autre que pénale. / Freedom of speech is now considered one of the essential elements of a democratic society. Driven by the European and Inter-American Court of Human Rights, it has acquired a new dimension and has an extensive protection. However, despite its importance, this freedom is not absolute, it must be balanced with other rights of equal value and legal imperatives which also deserve protection. Traditionally the way of regulating and sanctioning abuses of freedom of speech was criminal law. However, the strengthening of the freedom has produced, inversely, a phenomenon of " gradual withdrawal " of criminal law, which is considered less and less as "strictly necessary" and is often viewed as a disproportionate mode of sanction in regards to the goal pursued. This thesis analyzes the relevance of the use of criminal law in the judiciary field, where freedom of expression is often confronted with the right to presumption of innocence, right to reputation, and the need to protect the authority and impartiality of the judiciary. The issue is studied from a criminal policy approach, which allows us to go beyond the field of criminal law to make proposals for new regulation and punishment by other means than criminal.

Fréquemment utilisé en droit pénal et procédure pénale mais également présent dans d’autres domaines de la matière juridique, le soupçon en droit n’a pourtant jamais fait l’objet d’une étude juridique transversale. Présent mais non encadré, le soupçon en droit laisse dans son sillage un certain nombre de dérives et d’atteintes à des principes ou droits fondamentaux. Cette constatation parachève l’idée d’une nécessaire conceptualisation juridique de la notion à travers notamment l’élaboration d’une définition. Partant du recensement des différentes manifestations du soupçon en droit la thèse a cherché à dégager les points convergents mais aussi les différences découlant de ces différentes utilisations du soupçon afin de la caractériser. La détermination du soupçon étant ainsi achevée, la question de son traitement s’est posée. D’un point de vue actuel, le constat a été celui d’une certaine subjectivation engendrée par l’utilisation du soupçon que ce soit de la part du législateur ou de celle du juge. Il en découle un certain nombre d’atteintes à des éléments pourtant essentiels tel que le principe de la présomption d’innocence mais également le principe de la légalité des délits et des peines ou plus généralement la nécessité d’une stabilité et d’une sécurité juridique. La volonté affichée par la thèse a alors été de proposer un encadrement juridique futur du soupçon qui permettrait de parer à ce risque de subjectivisme. Pour cela un travail définitionnel de la notion a été opéré. De cette définition, des propositions de réécriture de certains articles du Code de procédure pénale se sont imposées / Frequently used in criminal law and proceedings but also present in all the other Law matters, the suspicion has never been the subject of a legal study as it will here. Although the suspicion is closely linked to the legal matter as a whole, the first observation that can be made is that there is no legal definition of it. Present, but not clearly defined, the suspicion is an open door to all kind of abuses and could infringe fundamental rights and principles. This observation lead to the idea to make headway in the conceptualization of this notion, its delimitation and its definition. Therefore, beginning with the different legal appearances of the Suspicion - in the criminal law and above - the thesis tried to expose all the converging points and the differencies coming from all the uses of the suspicion in order to synthesise and define it clearly. We thus had to deal with the question within the following observations. From today’s point of view, the suspicion stay a subjective term whether it is use by the legislators or the judges. The main purpose of this thesis has been to suggest a futur legal framework for the notion of suspicion which could eliminate, or at least severely reduce the possibility of bias due to the subjectivism. For this to happen, we had to define, first of all, the notion distinctly from the twin notions of doubt, presumption, and then to propose a genuine legal definition of the suspicion. From this definition came some proposals to rewrite certain articles of the Criminal Code

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:18:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 luiz_andrey_viana_oliveira.pdf: 1238793 bytes, checksum: 6f678fdb05bbb000a882f1d892ffe0f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-06 / The aim of this study dissertation is analyzing on mitigation of the presumption of innocence principle when confronted with types of criminality. In the empirical research, data were initially collected from police inquiry in the year 2009 from Recife city, related to crimes investigations against public administration obtained from Specialized Police Department for Repression Crime against Public administration and the theft crimes investigations recorded by the Specialized Police Department of Theft Repression, analyzing later the evolution of this inquiry during lawsuit, collected from Pernambuco Justice Tribunal (TJPE) site, studying the relation between presumption of innocence principles and protective measures differed, the temporal limits related with the verdict of first degree, the appeals, temporal limits related with the process in judgment, the media divulgation by the facts and investigated persons were informations obtained from google research, doing a initial screening of indicted persons. The literature review and the statistical Boolean/method were applied in the methodology. The research qualitative analysis allowed to demonstrating the mitigation of this principle in a different way, according to the violent grave criminality or not violent grave criminality. The truth and justice aspects, the construction and development of the presumption of innocence principle, as well as the decisions utility were studied in the literature review founded in legal dogmas. The media communication way of control and act, the collision of fundamental rights and the presumption of innocence principle relation, besides the connection of the selectivity criminality and its connection with violent grave criminality and not violent grave criminality are also analyzed. / O objeto de estudo desta dissertação é uma análise quanto à mitigação do princípio da presunção de inocência, quando confrontado com as espécies de criminalidade. Na pesquisa empírica realizada, foram levantados os dados, inicialmente os inquéritos policiais do ano de 2009, na cidade do Recife, relacionada às investigações de crimes contra a administração pública, efetuados pela Delegacia Especializada de Repressão aos Crimes contra a Administração Pública, e as investigações de crimes de roubo realizados pela Delegacia Especializada de Repressão ao Roubo, analisando posteriormente a transformação destes inquéritos em processos, sendo levantados estes no Tribunal de Justiça de Pernambuco - TJPE em seu site na internet, fazendo uma análise da relação do princípio da presunção de inocência com as medidas cautelares deferidas, o lapso temporal em relação à sentença de primeiro grau, os recursos interpostos, o lapso temporal em relação ao trânsito em julgado, bem como a análise da divulgação pela mídia dos fatos e pessoas investigados, sendo estes dados levantados através de pesquisa na internet pelo Google, tendo como filtro inicial os nomes das pessoas indiciadas. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão de literatura, além do método estatístico/boleana. A análise qualitativa da pesquisa viabilizou a demonstração da mitigação do citado princípio de forma diferenciada a depender da criminalidade colocada à frente, se grave violenta ou grave não violenta Na revisão de literatura, estuda-se aspectos da verdade e justiça, a construção e desenvolvimento do princípio da presunção de inocência, bem como a utilidade das decisões. Analisa ainda as formas de controle e a atuação dos meios de comunicação, a colisão de direitos fundamentais em relação ao princípio da presunção de inocência, bem como sua ligação com a seletividade em relação à criminalidade e sua relativização face à criminalidade grave violenta e não violenta.

Magister Legum - LLM / Today corruption is a major concern for most countries.1 Civil forfeiture of the proceeds of corruption has been embraced as a key strategy by many states in recovering public funds lost through corruption.2 It may be defined as a remedial statutory device designed to recover the proceeds of a crime as well as its instrumentalities.3 Originally, asset recovery regimes adopted by most states were predominantly criminal forfeiture. This mode of forfeiture is preceded by a conviction, after which the state takes possession of the proceeds of the crime from a convicted individual.4 Its proceedings are in personam and the standard of proof is proof beyond a reasonable doubt. Thus, actual forfeiture only takes place after the issue of a conviction order. As a consequence, it is always lengthy and often results in delayed realisation of the proceeds of crime. 5 The inherent weaknesses of criminal forfeiture gave birth to the idea of developing a civil forfeiture system.6 This mode is different from the former in that its proceedings are in rem. Hence the standard of proof is proof on a balance of probabilities and a conviction order is not required.7

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:19:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jorge Carlos Carrasco.pdf: 773801 bytes, checksum: 0d393a8a2ee273afdb092b131de8393b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-18 / This paper proposes to address the constitutional principles in the prisons of interim nature under Brazilian law of criminal procedure. We aimed to establish the general objective points of reflection on the subject based on the analysis of necessity and uniqueness of precautionary detention, on the right to implement its temporary and possible conflict between that law and preserving the right to freedom. The specific objectives are delimited to present the history and characteristics of precautionary detention, its types and analyze the personal and social consequences of temporary detention. It was also subject of consideration the seriousness of the injunction, on an extremely exceptional character, imposed in order to establish the desired balance between the two duties of the State: - protection and security to society and security and protection of fundamental rights and freedom of the individuals it includes. The types of precautionary detention were reconsidered in light of the constitutional principles and guarantees by considering the purposes of preventive detention. According to the understanding of the Federal Supreme Court, the legitimacy of precautionary detention must be viewed based on the principle of non-culpability. It is necessary to study and demonstrate that precautionary detention is protected by its extraordinary character following the modern trends of Superior Courts of Law, attaching jurisprudence. For this research, we opted for bibliographical study on doctrines, jurisprudence and legislation pertinent to the theme. Thus, the study was justified and was relevant to show that all rules prior to the Federal Constitution which determines automatic and mandatory prison without real justification are revoked. All rules which prohibit the bail, when not justified in real need of arrest, such as those based solely on the seriousness of the crime, should be considered unconstitutional / O trabalho tem como proposta abordar os princípios constitucionais nas prisões de natureza cautelar previstas no ordenamento jurídico processual penal brasileiro. Procurou-se como objetivo geral estabelecer pontos de reflexão sobre o tema, a partir da análise da necessidade e excepcionalidade das prisões cautelares, do direito à sua execução provisória e eventual conflito entre esse direito e a preservação do direito de liberdade. Os objetivos específicos se delimitaram a apresentar o histórico e as características da prisão cautelar, suas espécies e analisar os reflexos pessoais e sociais da prisão preventiva. Foi também objeto de consideração a gravidade da medida cautelar, em caráter de extrema excepcionalidade, imposta com a finalidade pretendida de estabelecer o equilíbrio entre os dois deveres do Estado: - proteção e segurança à sociedade e garantia e proteção das liberdades e direitos fundamentais dos indivíduos que a integram. As espécies de prisão cautelar foram repensadas à luz dos princípios e garantias constitucionais considerando-se os fins da prisão preventiva. De acordo com o entendimento do Supremo Tribunal Federal, a legitimidade das prisões cautelares deve ser aferida tendo como norte o princípio da não culpabilidade. Procuramos estudar e demonstrar que as prisões cautelares são agasalhadas pelo manto da excepcionalidade seguindo as modernas tendências dos Superiores Tribunais, anexando para tanto jurisprudência pátria. Para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa, optou-se pelo estudo bibliográfico em doutrinas, jurisprudências e legislações pertinentes à temática abordada. Assim, o estudo justificou-se e fez-se relevante para demonstrar que estão revogadas todas as normas anteriores à Constituição Federal que determinam a prisão processual automática e obrigatória sem justificação concreta. Devem ser consideradas inconstitucionais todas as normas que vedam a liberdade provisória, quando não justificadas na necessidade concreta da prisão, como aquelas baseadas exclusivamente na gravidade do delito

La protection des droits de l’accusé est tributaire du respect du procès équitable dans presque tout débat judiciaire. Ce faisant, la création de la CPI suscite une attention particulière en vertu non seulement de son caractère permanent et universel, mais aussi de l’ampleur des crimes internationaux qu’elle connait. Sous l’effet de cette configuration, la recherche laisse découvrir une protection à l’efficacité relative et utopique malgré l’exigence de compatibilité du droit applicable aux droits de l’homme internationalement reconnus. Toutefois, le respect apparent de ces droits, l’application du principe du contradictoire et l’exigence de la présence de l’accusé dans son procès ne garantissent pas l’effectivité de l’égalité des armes, l’exercice des droits de la défense et le respect de la présomption d’innocence. Au contraire, la prééminence du déséquilibre processuel, de la durée excessive des procès et du maintien en détention de l’accusé conduit à faire objection sur l’existence possible de la protection efficace des droits de l’accusé. La dite protection cède plutôt devant la lutte contre l’impunité, la délicatesse des victimes et témoins et la souveraineté des Etats. A l’issue de cette étude, il est nécessaire de procéder à un rééquilibrage des droits entre les parties et à une reconceptualisation de la compétence de la Cour. / Protecting the rights of the accused depends in any legal debate on respect for a fair trial. In doing so, the creation of the ICC merits special attention by virtue not only of its being permanent and universal, but also the extent of international crimes with which it deals. As a result of this broad scope, research suggests any protective coverage is relative in its effectiveness and utopian, despite the requirement of compatibility of the law applicable to internationally recognized human rights. The apparent respect for these rights, the principle of due process and the requirement of the presence of the accused at his or her trial do not guarantee an effective equality of arms, the exercise of one’s rights or respect for the presumption of innocence. Instead, the procedural rule of imbalance, the excessive length of trials and the continued detention of the accused have led to objections about effectively protecting the rights of the accused. So-called protection gives way instead to the fight against impunity, the reticence of victims and witnesses and the sovereignty of States. Following this study, it is necessary to rebalance the rights of the parties and rethink the jurisdiction of the Court.