Orientador: Antonio Nivaldo Hespanhol / Banca: Antonio Cezar Leal / Banca: Clécio Azevedo da Silva / Resumo: A presente pesquisa buscou analisar o Programa Estadual de Microbacias Hidrográficas em São Paulo (PEMH) que contou com recursos do Banco Mundial e do Governo do Estado, e teve como premissa básica promover o desenvolvimento rural sustentável. Para o estudo de caso foi escolhido o município de Assis/SP, onde duas microbacias foram contempladas pelo programa: a água do Pavão/Matão e Adjacências e a água das Antas/Pinheiro/Divisa. Considerada a principal política pública estadual para o fomento do pequeno produtor rural, com área de até 50 hectares e com 70% da renda provenientes das atividades agropecuárias, o PEMH, iniciado em 2000, oferece uma série de benefícios individuais (calcário, adubação verde, mudas), e coletivos (poços semi-artesianos, fossa séptica, maquinário) para esse produtor manejar adequadamente o solo e a água em sua propriedade. A descentralização das ações, a participação da sociedade civil na sua operacionalização, o fortalecimento das organizações rurais e a incorporação da dimensão ambiental nos seus componentes foram as características inovadoras desse programa. Foram adotados os seguintes procedimentos metodológicos: análise dos manuais operacionais do PEMH, entrevistas com técnicos agrícolas, engenheiros agrônomos e presidentes de associações de produtores rurais, coleta dos resultados do programa no site da CATI e pesquisa de campo com os proprietários rurais das duas microbacias selecionadas no município de Assis. Em trabalho de campo, podemos avaliar que mais de 70% dos produtores da microbacia do Pavão/Matão consideraram o Programa de Microbacias bom, sendo que 74% do total de 27 entrevistados usufruíram dos benefícios do programa... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study sought to analyze the State Program of Watershed (SPW) in Sao Paulo which had resources of the World Bank and the State Government, and basic premise was to promote sustainable rural agriculture in Sao Paulo. For the case study was chosen the city of Assis / SP, where two microbasins were covered by the water program of the Pavão/ Matão and Surrounding and water from Antas /Pinheiro /Device. Considered the largest state public policy for the promotion of small rural producers, with an area of 50 hectares and with 70% of income from agricultural activities, the SPW, initiated in 2000, offers a series of individual benefits (lime, green manure, seedlings) and collective (semi-artesian wells, septic tank, machinery) to the producer properly handle the soil and water on your property. The decentralization of actions, civil society participation in its operation, the strengthening of rural organizations and the incorporation of environmental considerations into their components were the innovative features of this program. Were used the following methodology: analysis of the operating manuals SPW, interviews with agricultural experts, agriculturist and presidents of farmers associations, collect the results of the Program on the CATI website and field research with owners the two rural microbasins selected in Assis. Among the key practices supported by PEMH this watershed are: construction of 5 community supplier, a kit of information technology (computer, printer, desk, chair), a tillage machine, mowing three and a distributor of limestone, almost 238 tonnes of limestone applied, biodigestor installed a septic tank, two "voçorocas" controlled and 93.6 hectares of areas with erosion control, with the implementation of terraces... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The Regulation No. 1907/2006 on registration, evaluation, authorisation and restriction of chemical substances and on establishment of the European Chemicals Agency, the so-called REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemical substances) came into effect on 1 June 2007. The purpose of the Regulation has been to ensure safe functioning of the market with chemical substances and preparations and protection of human health and environment against effects of toxic substances. After a complete implementation of the Regulation the only substances and preparations produced and used in the European Union will be those with known toxicological properties, including data about their impact on the health of future generations. The thesis focuses on the description of the REACH Regulation, schedule of its implementation and its potential benefits for the improved effectiveness of rescue and liquidation works performed by members of the Integrated Rescue Service (IZS). Due to very limited sources available at the early stage of REACH implementation, the method selected for the work was consultations with experts directly specializing in the REACH legislation, managers of pharmaceutical or chemical companies managing work with toxic substances and IZS members. Expert opinions have been collected about the legislation process and about the situation in the industry. The Fire Rescue Service uses databases Medis Alarm, Rozex Alarm, TEREX and Trins for planning and implementation of its interventions. In 2013 {--} 2020 I expect bigger quantities of data obtained within the REACH framework to be transmitted into those databases; in that period it will be necessary for the IZS members to become familiar with REACH and with the implemented methods of transmission of toxicological data and to be able to critically evaluate available databases when planning an intervention under conditions of a potential threat posed by toxic substances to the health of IZS members, to the population in the surroundings and to the environment. I recommend to start teaching REACH as a topic at specialized schools so that future graduates are familiar with REACH at least theoretically.

A tomada de decisão caracteriza-se como ponto básico da atividade administrativa e de gestão de toda e qualquer organização, uma vez que esta atividade acontece todo o tempo, em todos os níveis e influencia diretamente o desempenho das organizações. No ambiente dos agronegócios o panorama observado não parece ser diferente. A gestão dos agentes inseridos em cadeias produtivas que tenham por base commodities agrícolas envolve uma série de decisões específicas a este segmento, o que decorre de uma crescente complexidade de elementos envolvidos nessas atividades. Neste contexto, verifica-se no agronegócio brasileiro representativos aumentos de produção e produtividade nas lavouras dos grãos produzidos no país, especialmente a soja, principal item na pauta de exportações deste segmento da economia. Entretanto, somente ganhos de produtividade nas lavouras não garantem competitividade no mercado, pelo contrário, estes necessitam ser acompanhados por melhorias em infra-estrutura e logística que dêem suporte à comercialização de safras cada vez maiores. Considerando-se que existe um déficit na capacidade estática de armazenamento de grãos no Brasil, aliado a baixa margem de rentabilidade auferida pelos produtores de commodities agrícolas, notadamente a soja, bem como o fato de que a armazenagem em nível de propriedade rural pode vir a se constituir em um diferencial positivo ao produtor no momento da comercialização desta oleaginosa, buscou-se responder ao seguinte questionamento: quais são os fatores influentes e como se dá o processo de tomada de decisão do produtor rural, no que tange à instalação de uma estrutura para a armazenagem de soja em sua propriedade? Diante dessa problemática, propôs-se para a presente pesquisa o objetivo de identificar e caracterizar os fatores influentes, bem como o processo decisório do produtor rural, em relação à instalação de estrutura para armazenagem de soja em nível de propriedade. Para o atingimento desse objetivo, elaborou-se uma estrutura analítica a partir dos pressupostos de Teoria da Decisão e das Especificidades na Produção e Comercialização de Produtos Agroalimentares, da qual originou-se o instrumento de pesquisa, composto por questões abertas e fechadas. Foram entrevistados dois grupos de produtores rurais da região de Santo Ângelo/RS, sendo 08 produtores cujas propriedades possuem estrutura para armazenagem de soja (grupo A) e 08 produtores com escalas de produção semelhantes, cujas propriedades não possuem tal estrutura (grupo B). A análise qualitativa dos dados permitiu identificar que existem diferenças entre os grupos A e B, relacionadas às estruturas de exploração agropecuária, características socio-econômicas e de experiência decisória, nível e fontes de informação, estilos decisórios e orientação de valores. Em relação ao processo decisório dos produtores do grupo A, identificou-se certa fragilidade na fase da concepção ou desenho, sendo que a maioria dos cálculos e análises de resultado do referido investimento são transferidas desta fase para a fase do monitoramento, o que pode vir a acarretar em prejuízos pelo fato de a escolha ser realizada a partir de uma análise superficial de todas as informações disponíveis / The decision making is characterized as basic point of the administrative activity and of administration of all and any organization, once this activity happens the whole time, in all levels and it influences the results of the organizations directly. In the agribusiness sector the observed context doesn't seem to be different. The agents' administration inserted in productive chains that have for agricultural commodities as basis involves a series of specific decisions to this segment, what elapses of a growing complexity of elements involved in those activities. In this context, it´s verified in the brazilian agribusiness representative production increases and productivity in the harvests of the grains produced at the country, especially the soybean, main item in the line of exports. However, only productivity gains in the farmings don't guarantee competitiveness in the market, on the contrary, these need to be accompanied by improvements in infrastructure and logistics that give support to the commercialization of harvests every time larger. With regard that exists a deficit in the static starage capacity of grains in Brazil, ally the low profitability margin gained by the agricultural commodities producers, especially the soybean, as well as the fact that the storage in level of rural property the can come if it constitutes in a differential one positive to the producer in the moment of the commercialization of this oleaginous one, it was looked for to answer to the question: which are the influential factors and as it feels the process of the rural producer decision-making, with respect to the installation of a structure for the soybean storage in your property? Given this issue, the aim of the present study is to identify and analyze the influential factors, as well as the rural producer decision-making process, in relation to the structure installation for soybean storage in property level. The analytical structure of the study was built from the assumptions of the Decision Theory and the Specificities in the Production and Commercialization of Agri-food Products, of which built the research instrument, composed by open and closed questions. Interviews were carried out with two groups of rural producers of Santo Ângelo/RS: 08 producers whose have soybean storage structure (group A) and 08 producers with scales of similar production, whose haven't such structure (group B). The qualitative analysis allowed to identify that differences exist among at the groups A and B, related to the structures of agricultural exploration, socioeconomic characteristics, decision-making experience, level and information sources, decisionmaking styles and the values orientation. With regat to the decision-making process of the group A producers, identified certain fragility in the the conception or drawing phase, and most of the calculations and analyses of result of the referred investment are transferred of this phase for the monitory phase, what can come to unprofitability for the fact of the choice to be accomplished from a superficial analysis of all available information.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2017-05-22T19:45:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Henrique Manoel Riani Mendes.pdf: 4639180 bytes, checksum: 66cb09c6505337b611b44749fefcd115 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-22T19:45:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Henrique Manoel Riani Mendes.pdf: 4639180 bytes, checksum: 66cb09c6505337b611b44749fefcd115 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-08 / The present work sought to analyze the main concepts and practices related to the Reverse Logistic of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (EEE), considering the urgency of structuring systems in Brazil that meets the goals imposed by the legislation. Although some companies already present solutions to serve consumers who wish to discard their products, the goals imposed by Brazilian legislation represent a great challenge to be faced by individual companies, in addition it brings a scenario of uncertainties and high costs for management. To conduct this work, a qualitative exploratory and descriptive research was carried out, through a documentary analysis, bibliographic research and interviews. At first, the WEEE Take Back system of different countries were analysed, in order to identify a reference case which was the object of an in-depth case study. The case in question was the Swiss system, recognized as the first to be implemented in the world, in addition to being structured differently from the others and presenting one of the highest collection rates of WEEE per inhabitant in the world. Next, the brazilian scenario is presented indicating how companies, manufacturers of Electrical and Electronics Equipments, are organizing themselves to structure their systems of Reverse Logistics in the country. In the conduction of this work, semi-structured questionnaires were applied to the representatives of the Swiss Management Entities (PROs), in addition to the analysis of documents and reports published by these institutions. We also consulted several articles in the literature, which were the subsidy to compare data obtained from primary sources. In general, it can be concluded that the structuring of collective systems to operationalize reverse logistics brings benefits both to the company and to the efficiency of the system. It is also recommended to create more than one PRO to take care of specific groups of products, which require different logistics operations. In this way, these PROs can become specialized in a certain logistics operation, optimizing the process and reducing costs for their associates. Finally, it is suggested that a cooperation must exist between these Management Entities, aiming at the exchange of experiences and the joint construction of requirements and quality standards for the whole system. / O presente trabalho tratou de analisar os principais conceitos e práticas relacionados à Logística Reversa de Eletroeletrônicos, tendo em vista a urgência de se estruturar sistemas no Brasil, que atendam às metas impostas pela legislação. Apesar de algumas empresas já apresentarem soluções para atender os consumidores que desejam descartar seus produtos, as metas impostas pela legislação brasileira representam um grande desafio a ser encarado pelas empresas individualmente, além de trazer um cenário de incertezas e elevado custo para a gestão. Para conduzir este trabalho, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa exploratória e descritiva, através de uma análise documental, pesquisa bibliográfica e entrevistas. De início foram avaliados como estão estruturados os sistemas de Logística Reversa de Eletroeletrônicos de diversos países para se identificar um caso referência, o qual foi objeto de um estudo de caso aprofundado. O caso em questão foi o sistema suíço, reconhecido como o primeiro a ser implementado no mundo, além de ser estruturado de forma diferenciada dos demais e apresentar um dos maiores índices de coleta de Eletroeletrônicos por habitante no mundo. Em seguida, é apresentado o cenário brasileiro e como as empresas, fabricantes de Eletroeletrônicos, estão se organizando para estruturar seus sistemas de Logística Reversa no país. Na execução deste trabalho foram aplicados questionários semiestruturados aos representantes das gestoras suíças, além da análise de documentos e relatórios publicados por estas instituições. Foram também consultados diversos artigos da literatura, que foram o subsídio para confrontar os dados obtidos das fontes primárias. De modo geral, pode-se concluir que a estruturação de sistemas coletivos para operacionalizar a logística reversa traz benefícios tanto para a empresa, quanto para a eficiência do sistema. Recomenda-se inclusive, a criação de mais de uma Entidade Gestora para cuidar de grupos específicos de produtos, os quais demandam operações logísticas distintas. Desta forma, estas Gestoras tornam-se especializadas em determinada operação logística, otimizando o processo e reduzindo custos para suas associadas. Por fim, é sugerido que exista uma interação entre estas Gestoras, visando a troca de experiências e a construção conjunta de requisitos e padrões de qualidade para todo o sistema.

Denna studie undersöker hur musikproducenter och studiotekniker upplever sina olika roller i studioinspelningssammanhang. Detta utförs genom att studera studioteknikers och musikpro- ducenters skildringar av sig själva samt av vilka färdigheter som ingår i dessa olika roller. Studiens vetenskapsteoretiska ansats är kvalitativ, och bygger på ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv. Den metod som använts för att utföra insamlingen av data är semistrukturerade, kvalitativa intervjuer med tre personer som arbetar, eller har arbetat, som musikproducenter eller studio- tekniker. Ljudupptagningarna från intervjuerna har transkriberats, bearbetats och analyserats med hjälp av tematisk analys utifrån ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv. I resultatkapitlet klarläggs både informanternas syn på de olika rollerna samt deras uppfattning av att dessa roller ibland innehas av en och samma person. I studiens avslutande kapitel diskuteras dessa teman i relat- ion till studiens angivna bakgrundskapitel. Studien visar bland annat att informanterna, delvis tvärtemot den tidigare presenterade forskningen, anser att musikproducenter behöver ett stort mått musikteoretiska kunskaper för att kunna utföra sina uppgifter, att studiotekniker, förutom ljudtekniska kunskaper, även är i behov av konstnärliga kunskaper på ett djupare plan samt att många väljer att ta sig an rollen som både tekniker och producent på grund av ekonomiska och praktiska aspekter. Det fastställs även att gränserna mellan studiotekniker- och musikpro- ducentrollen i viss mån håller på att suddas ut. / This study aims to explore how music producers and recording engineers experience their different roles in a studio-recording context. This is done by examining recording engineer’s and music producer’s depictions of themselves and of the different sets of skills required within these roles. A hermeneutic perspective is the base for the scientific-theoretic approach of this qualitative study. The method for collecting data is semi structured, qualitative interviews and three persons identifying themselves as either music producer or recording engineer have been interviewed. The sound recordings from the interviews have been transcribed, processed and analyzed using thematic analysis and a hermeneutic approach. How both the informants’ perception of the different roles, as well as their understanding of these roles sometimes being held by one and the same person is being explained in the chapter result. The finishing chapter discusses these themes in relation to the previously given background. Among other things, the discussion chapter shows that the informants, partly opposite to what previously given research shows, thinks that music producers need theoretical knowledge in music to be able to carry out their tasks. It is highlighted that recording engineers, besides mastery of audio and technology, need to acquire a deeper level of artistic skills. It is also made clear that the lines between the recording engineer and the music producer are being erased, and that many people, due to economical and practical reasons, choose to take on the role as both music producer and recording engineer.

Furniture production in Sweden still exists on a comparably small scale. The majority, or more than 99 percent, of all furniture producers in Sweden are small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) with less than 250 employees. Despite their size, these firms are, to a large extent, involved in export. This is fully in line with the accelerating trend of internationalization found among firms of all sizes. However, research focused on internationalization has been primarily concentrated on larger firms, which is unfortunate considering that the vast majority of all firms within the European Union can be described as SMEs. The purpose of this research is, therefore, to extend our understanding of internationalization and performance among small and medium sized firms by explaining export involvement and performance among small and medium sized furniture producers in Sweden. This research is completed within the theoretical framework of the modified PSE model, which consists of four components: perception of export barriers, strategy competence, export involvement, and performance. A quantitative survey was conducted among 324 firms, yielding a response rate of 56 percent. The empirical data was analyzed using the methods of multiple linear regression, logistic regression, and ordinal regression. The result suggests that strategy competence, measured in terms of relatedness and market knowledge, explains the main export mode and performance among exporting SMEs. In addition, main export mode seems to explain performance. The main findings of this research are visualized through a new model, SCEMPER. Another finding is that barriers originating with the owner/key decision-maker of a firm seem to prevent firms from becoming involved in export. In addition, attitude towards export and the age of the firm appear to be important determinants of export involvement and performance among SMEs.

In agricultural watersheds, streams are intimately connected with croplands and may be inadvertently exposed to agrochemicals such as fertilizers and herbicides. Riparian plants and aquatic primary producers (aquatic plants, phytoplankton and periphyton) may be particularly affected by agrochemicals due to their taxonomic similarity to the intended targets (crop and weed species). The overall objective of this thesis was to assess the effects of fertilizers and the herbicide atrazine on riparian plants and aquatic primary producers. Effects were assessed across varying scales of observation ranging from empirical field studies at the watershed scale to in-situ experimental manipulations in two temperate streams to a laboratory concentration-response experiment. Twenty-four stream/river sites located across the South Nation River watershed, Canada ranged in surrounding agricultural land use (6.7-97.4 % annual crops) and in-stream concentrations of reactive phosphate (4-102 μg/L) and nitrate (3-5404 μg/L). A gradient of atrazine contamination spanning two orders of magnitude (56 d time-weighted-average concentrations of 4-412 ng/L) was observed using polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS). A total of 285 riparian and aquatic plant species were identified with species richness ranging from 43-107 species per site. Atrazine and the percentage of surrounding annual crops had no statistically significant effects on community structure. In contrast, an increase in the percentage of non-native species, a decrease in submerged macrophytes and a decrease in overall floristic quality was observed along a gradient of increasing nitrate. Similarly, periphyton biomass increased with increasing nitrate across the watershed and was associated with the Chlorophyta. In contrast, no clear response was observed in periphyton exposed to nutrient enrichment and atrazine contamination in in-situ periphytometer experiments in two streams. Greenhouse concentration-response experiments provided evidence that the sensitivity of duckweed (Lemna minor) to atrazine was lower in populations previously exposed to the herbicide. However, the overall range in biomass 25% inhibition concentrations was small (19-40 μg/L atrazine). A clear gradient in agrochemical contamination was observed at the watershed scale and this research provided evidence of negative effects on riparian and aquatic primary producers. Effects of nutrients, specifically nitrate, superseded observable effects of the herbicide atrazine.

Background: A sustainable economy becomes more and more important for most parts of the society. Especially the fashion industry is being criticized for wasting resources and being non-sustainable. Therefore, some textile producers started to implement programs that are aiming on a reuse of garments. Aims of research: The purpose of this research is to discover how customers can be motivated to return unwanted garments, also considering possible hindering factors. To gather this information it is necessary to build a theoretical framework with customer-based theories. The thesis explored how a second hand multi-brand retailer can take active action in encouraging customers to return unwanted textiles. Method: This research was conducted as an inductive qualitative research. The data was gathered through semi-structured interviews with several second hand retailers. The analysis was carried out following the Giogia method. Results: The thesis revealed that the garment disposal behavior is affected by various influences. Influences on the disposal behavior of garment consumers are personal values and believes. The dispose of unwanted garments is often influenced by an ease of handling and the same behavior is followed over the years simply because individuals are used to a certain garment disposal behavior. The largest hindering factors why customers do not return garments to retailers are caused by a lack of information as well as insufficient transparency. This behavior can be affected by second hand retailers by providing improved communication and a motivation to return garments by offering benefits for the customer. The size of the company does not play a major role.

The objective of this thesis is observing the process of launching the small independent movie in the context of big film industry and its hegemony. We will observe the differences between low budget, independent, the auteur film and well known ’blockbuster' entertainment cinema products. In the analysis, we will not focus on the creative aspects of preproduction and production - such as script writing, film directing, casting, photography, and production design. We will observe the film from the pragmatic point of view in postproduction, film placement and distribution, from the last clip to the first introduction to the audience at film festivals. The complexity of the task is to make a distinction between defining free, independent, auteur film as a piece of art and expression, and everything else that auteur film is not, despite the pragmatism in realisation of each film.  This research will focus on film as art and as a sum of artistic teamwork, following its marketing and placement. Our aim is to find the factors that influence the success of launching low budget films of the independent film production in the US.  Analysing the literature and researching the adequate examples, accomplished results will give us an idea of forming a pattern or directions for successfully launching an Independent film in the US film market.  The example given in this paper is the authors' low budget film Boys Don't Cry(1999)produced by Chrisitne Vachon, where we can clearly analyse the way of developing of the film and postproduction activities of the producer, from the utmost postproduction margin, to winning an Oscar for the best female role by Hilary Swank, in the year of 2000. This film was chosen as an example in this thesis for being a successful low budget film with a strong women's author's identity, which finds its path in media from a marginalized queerfilm to a highly ranked film with great market placement. We pay special attention to an important detail - that women are in the role of the director and the producer.

There have been a number of support initiatives rendered to the small-scale sugarcane farmers in Mpumalanga but the sugarcane production there has remained low. This raised some questions on the efficient use of available resources and the fruitfulness of the Producer Development Initiatives (PDIs). Justification for further assistance to the small-scale farmers requires empirical evidence of efficient resource use. This study employed the stochastic frontier production function to calculate the technical, allocative and cost efficiency. This study provides insight into three issues: the levels of technical, economic and allocative efficiencies of small-scale sugarcane farmers; the relationship between efficiency level and various farm/farmer specific factors; and implications of policy and strategies for improving small-scale sugarcane production. The technical, allocative and economic efficiencies of small-scale sugarcane farming were estimated in order to identify the potential increase in production without incurring additional costs. The study used data obtained from a field survey covering 231 small-scale sugarcane farmers in the Nkomazi region for the 2009/2010. sugarcane production season. According to the stochastic frontier production function using the Cobb-Douglas model, labour, herbicides and fertilizer showed significant positive effects on sugarcane production. The results also indicated that the small-scale sugarcane farmers suffer from considerable lack technical, allocative and cost efficiency. The mean technical, allocative and cost efficiency estimates are 68.5%, 61.5% and 41.8% respectively. A Tobit regression was used to analyse the impact of the farm/farmer characteristics on efficiency. The impact analysis revealed that age, level of education and gender are significant determinants of technical efficiency. On the other hand, level of education, off-farm income, land size and experience are significant determinants of allocative efficiency. In so far as cost efficiency is concerned, the significant determinants are level of education, land size and experience in sugarcane farming. The findings of the study justify the need for improved agricultural partnerships between the sugar mills and the sugarcane farmers. An example of such collaboration would be if millers were to not only give credit to the farmers, but also give technical guidance to small producers in return for the delivery of a specific quantity and quality of cane at a stipulated time. The collective efforts of these farmers and millers, once harmoniously co-ordinated, can enhance production efficiency and economic prosperity. Also, appropriate policy formulation and implementation is an effective instrument to improvement in farm efficiency and productivity which promotes overall growth of the economy. Therefore, there is need for all stakeholders (both private and public sector) to make combined efforts to remove the bottlenecks that have constrained effective policy implementation in, and its accrued benefits to, South African agriculture. / Dissertation MSc (Agric)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development / unrestricted