One of the important operational and in some cases, also strategic business decisions, is in respect of the investment of funds. Although there are a number of assets to invest in, two particular popular investment asset classes are land and/or property. Land however, is becoming a very scarce resource. It can be argued that many companies investing in the property sectors' main income is generated from the sale of land. A new way of gaining a sustainable income stream is followed. This is done by investing in different kinds of property development projects. One of the problems that companies face is to determine whether a property development project is a good investment, meaning that it will generate sustainable and acceptable profits in the long term. Companies evaluate prospective investment opportunities by assessing whether the expected return, adjusted for project risk, exceeds the company?s required return. Different impact parameters exist and were identified in the study. Valuation methods used in determining the overall feasibility were discussed and evaluated to see the impact on the property development project. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

One of the important operational and in some cases, also strategic business decisions, is in respect of the investment of funds. Although there are a number of assets to invest in, two particular popular investment asset classes are land and/or property. Land however, is becoming a very scarce resource. It can be argued that many companies investing in the property sectors' main income is generated from the sale of land. A new way of gaining a sustainable income stream is followed. This is done by investing in different kinds of property development projects. One of the problems that companies face is to determine whether a property development project is a good investment, meaning that it will generate sustainable and acceptable profits in the long term. Companies evaluate prospective investment opportunities by assessing whether the expected return, adjusted for project risk, exceeds the company?s required return. Different impact parameters exist and were identified in the study. Valuation methods used in determining the overall feasibility were discussed and evaluated to see the impact on the property development project. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

The diploma thesis is focused on the issue concerning the return on investment for the development projects, its financing possibilities, scope and description of the development activities. Withint the first part of the thesis is described development process, its participants and general possibilties of the development projects financing. The second part of the thesis is dealing with specific real estate residential development project and analysis of its existing market. The main goal of the thesis is to clarify the project development process, its financing and what subjects are involved in such a process.

Detta arbete har ägnat särskild uppmärksamhet åt kommersiella fastigheter, fastighetsvärderingar och olika metoder för fastighetsvärdering. Uppsatsen börjar med att understryka vikten av korrekta fastighetsvärderingar och presenterar den svenska marknaden för kommersiella fastigheter som en betydande och dynamisk sektor. Syftet med uppsatsen är att få en djupare förståelse för fastighetsvärdering, utforska och analysera olika värderingsmetoder, identifiera de metoder som tillämpas i praktiken och undersöka om olika värderingsmetoder används för olika typer av kommersiella fastigheter. Undersökningen är geografiskt begränsad till Sverige och inriktad på de tre vanligaste värderingsmetoderna för kommersiella fastigheter. Arbetet är baserat på både kvalitativa och kvantitativa forskningsmetoder och inkluderar litteraturstudier, dokumentanalys, personliga intervjuer och samtal med professionella fastighetsanalytiker och fastighetsvärderare från några av Sveriges största fastighets- och värderingsbolag. Den teoretiska grunden för arbetet är strukturerad i fyra distinkta avsnitt: Olika typer av kommersiella fastigheter och deras karakteristiska drag, värdebegrepp inom fastighetsvärdering, marknads- och fastighetsanalys samt ett omfattande avsnitt om de olika värderingsmetoderna. Efter att ha gått igenom teorin presenteras resultaten från den empiriska data, vilka ger en inblick i vilka värderingsmetoder som faktiskt används i praktiken. Slutligen genomförs en analys och diskussion där teori och praktik jämförs för att identifiera likheter och skillnader. Resultatet visar tydligt att kassaflödesmetoden, en avkastningskalkylbaserad metod, är dominerande vid nästan all värdering av olika typer av kommersiella fastigheter i Sverige. / The main focus of this study is on commercial property, property valuations, and different property valuation methods. The thesis begins by emphasising the importance of accurate property valuations and introduces the Swedish commercial property market as an important and dynamic sector. The purpose of the thesis is to gain a deeper understanding of property valuation, to research and analyse different valuation methods, to identify the methods used in practice, and to investigate whether different methods are used for different types of commercial property. The study is geographically limited to Sweden and focuses on the three most common valuation methods for commercial property. The work is based on both qualitative and quantitative research methods and includes literature reviews, document analysis, personal interviews, and discussions with professional property analysts and valuers from some of Sweden's largest property and valuation companies. The theoretical basis of the work is divided into five distinct sections: Different types of commercial property and their characteristics features, Value concepts in property valuation, Market and property analysis, and a comprehensive section on the different valuation methods. After going through the theory, the results of the empirical data are presented, giving an insight into the valuation methods actually used in practice. Finally, there is an analysis and discussion are carried out where theory and practice are compared to identify similarities and differences. The result clearly shows that the discounted cash flow method, a return-based method, is dominant in the valuation of various types of commercial property.

Social sustainability is one of the three foundations in the definition of sustainable development. Despite this, there is no common overarching definition of social sustainability. Climate and environmental issues are defined and complemented by global and national agreements. The lack of a common definition of social sustainability is a result of the susceptibility of the experience of social sustainability to the local context and subjective assessments.This study focuses on commercial property companies in Sweden and their strategic work with social sustainability as an integrated part of the business. Existing research indicates that tools for strategic assessment of social sustainability are required. The purpose of this study is to develop a social sustainability framework intended to help property developers and owners to assess and manage social sustainability aspects in a systematic way. By using the framework, the intention is to increase properties social and economic value, as well as the financing opportunities for property companies.The framework is developed through an iterative process inspired by a multi-methodological approach for system development. By analysing two existing sustainability evaluation methods in combination with existing research within the field, 63 aspects for social sustainability are identified and applied into this framework. The identified aspects are divided into five categories (health and well-being, safety and security, climate and ecology, dialogue and relation and flexibility, mobility, and equality). The developed framework is applied on two existing, commercial properties located in northern Sweden. To conclude, the framework can be a strategic instrument for socially sustainable property management and development in this specific region. Further development is suggested. / <p>2023-06-13</p>

För att möta den förväntade befolkningsökningen kommer bostadsbyggandet i Stockholmsregionen ställas inför utmaningar Om målet på 16 000 producerade bostäder per år fram till år 2030 ska uppnås krävs att samtliga kommuner i länet drar sitt strå till stacken. Lidingö stad är den kommun i länet som i dagsläget producerar minst antal bostäder i förhållande till invånarantalet. En av orsakerna beror på bevarandet av öns naturreservat och skyddade områden, vilket begränsar tillgången på byggbar mark. Enligt kommunens politiker är det viktigt att i största möjliga mån exploatera på redan ianspråktagen mark. På nordvästra delen av Lidingö ligger Trolldalstippen belägen, en plats med en idag verksam sten- och jordtipp. Marken är ianspråktagen och har goda förutsättningar för att utgöra ett framtida bostadsområde.      Detta arbete syftar till att ta fram ett realiserbart förslag för en framtida bostadsutveckling på platsen. I dagsläget finns varken detaljplan eller framtida exploateringsplaner för området. Kapaciteten för tippverksamheten närmar sig slutet och fastighetens framtida användning i är osäker.     I arbetet undersöks befintliga och framtida förutsättningar som kan ha inverkan på det föreslagna planområdet. Förekomsten av föroreningar i marken råder det tvivel om.  Misstankar om föroreningar finns, dock har inget ännu kunnat påvisas. De befintliga samhällsfunktionerna och infrastrukturen anses vara god och inga större åtgärder skulle behöva vidtas för att skapa ett hållbart samhälle på platsen.    Resultatet redovisar ett, av många tänkbara, förslag på hur exploateringen på Trolldalstippen skulle kunna utformas. En förkalkyl har tagits fram som grund för framtida kalkylarbeten. Syftet med kalkylen är att ge läsaren en inblick i projektets verkliga omfattning.    Vid planering av området har fokus legat på att behålla den befintliga terrängen i största möjliga mån. Huskropparna har placerats för att optimera havsutsikten från samtliga bostäder. Med varierande upplåtelseformer fås en mångfald i området vilket förväntas skapa ett tryggt och socialt hållbart samhälle. Förslaget omfattar ungefär 234 bostäder.      Även om flertalet frågor kvarstår innan det kan konstateras att tippen bör bebyggas, har Trolldalstippen goda förutsättningar för att i framtiden utgöra ett bostadsområde. / The Stockholm region will face challenges in order to meet the expected population growth and in order to achieve the target of 16,000 homes per year until 2030, all municipalities in the county are required to make an effort. Lidingö city is the municipality in the county which currently produces the least number of homes in relation to the population. This may depend on the conservation of the island's nature reserve and protected areas limits the availability of land. For the municipality's politicians, it is important to develop as much as possible on already utilized land. In the northwestern part of Lidingö is Trolldalstippen, a soil and stone waste facility. The land is utilized and has good conditions for forming a future residential area.    This work aims to produce an achievable proposal for future residential development on the site. At present there is no local plan for the area and there are either no plans for future exploitation in discussions with the municipality. The business capacity begins to approach the end and the property´s use are uncertain in the future.    The work examines the existing and the future conditions that may affect the proposed plan area. There is doubt about the presence of soil pollution. Suspicions of contamination exist, however, nothing has yet been proved. The existing social functions and infrastructure are considered good and no major measures would have to be taken to create a sustainable society on the location.     The result presents one, of potentially many, proposals on how the development at Trolldalstippen could evolve.  A pre-calculation has been done as a basis for future calculation work. The purpose of the calculation is to give the reader an insight into the extent of the project.    When planning the area, focus has been put on maintaining the existing terrain as far as possible. The houses have been positioned to optimize the ocean view from all homes. With varied forms of housing tenure, a diversity gets established in order to create a safe and socially sustainable society. The proposal covers approximately 234 residential units.    In summary, it can be seen that Trolldalstippen has very good conditions for future housing, although many questions remain to be answered before it can be determined that Trolldalstippen should be developed.

The Malaysian property development industry contends with economic challenges arising from increased competition and property glut in the market. The situation is further worsen by the onslaught of world disasters for example tsunamis, earthquakes, bird flu pandemic and terrorist attacks, thus weakening the spending power of property buyers and investors. This exploratory research therefore investigated the importance of Emotional Intelligence (EQ) in enhancing customer service for sustainable competitive advantage. Guided by an analytical framework, it reviewed the key issues in the context of customer service within the Malaysian property development industry, the existing challenges faced by Malaysian property development companies, emotional intelligence (EQ) and training and development.The identified research gaps permitted the crafting of three Research Propositions. The combined outputs from the literature review, analysis of the research data and conclusions provided useful insights on the research problem. The case study methodology, supplemented by two other categories of exploratory research, namely experience surveys and one-on-one interviews, were the research techniques used to test the research propositions.The participants involved in the experience survey and one-on-one interviews included Heads of Department from the case-study company, Frontline employees, existing clients and vendors supplying goods and services to the case-study company. The procedure of data analysis consisted of examining, categorising, tabulating and recombining the evidence to address the research problem and the related research questions.The testing, by this research, yielded useful insights on the research problem.First, in order for Malaysian property developers to gain a sustainable competitive advantage, there is a need for fresh emphasis and commitment towards customer service, placing special focus on the development of employees in the area of emotional intelligence (EQ) through the reinforcement of emotional competencies. Despite efforts to enhance customer service through training programmes, the lack of effectiveness needs to be addressed and new measures should be undertaken.Second, the need for Malaysian property development companies to understand the importance of building a service culture and to begin by formulating and implementing a service strategy and it is here that leadership plays a critical role in ensuring the success of every customer service programme throughout the entire organisation. This suggests that new approaches to creating a service culture are necessary, benchmarking with best practices of service leaders around the world, even from different industries. Third, the need for the customer service training model to be reviewed and revamped. It calls for new emphasis on the development of emotional intelligence (EQ) competencies, to ensure training effectiveness and the achievement of customer service excellence through human capital.Finally, the research findings permitted the construct of a policy framework for securing sustainable competitive advantage. The research yielded useful insights for theory and model building. In respect of enhancing customer service to achieve sustainable competitive advantage in the Malaysian property development market, the research findings suggested a Service Culture Development Model that will ensure that customer service excellence can be maintained and delivered consistently, leading to a sustainable competitive advantage in the marketplace. In respect of enhancing customer service through the development of EQ competencies in every employee and throughout the organisation, the research findings suggested a new Customer Service Training Model, where EQ competencies development programme becomes the pre-requisite foundational programme for all employees, prior to the training of customer service skill-sets. In order to create a service culture throughout the entire organisation, a customer service-oriented organisation will ensure that all employees, including top management personnel, participate in the EQ development programme.Follow-up research to test a model, based on this framework should further contribute to new theory development in emotional intelligence impacting customer service in the Malaysian property development industry.

The Malaysian property development industry contends with economic challenges arising from increased competition and property glut in the market. The situation is further worsen by the onslaught of world disasters for example tsunamis, earthquakes, bird flu pandemic and terrorist attacks, thus weakening the spending power of property buyers and investors. This exploratory research therefore investigated the importance of Emotional Intelligence (EQ) in enhancing customer service for sustainable competitive advantage. Guided by an analytical framework, it reviewed the key issues in the context of customer service within the Malaysian property development industry, the existing challenges faced by Malaysian property development companies, emotional intelligence (EQ) and training and development.The identified research gaps permitted the crafting of three Research Propositions. The combined outputs from the literature review, analysis of the research data and conclusions provided useful insights on the research problem. The case study methodology, supplemented by two other categories of exploratory research, namely experience surveys and one-on-one interviews, were the research techniques used to test the research propositions.The participants involved in the experience survey and one-on-one interviews included Heads of Department from the case-study company, Frontline employees, existing clients and vendors supplying goods and services to the case-study company. The procedure of data analysis consisted of examining, categorising, tabulating and recombining the evidence to address the research problem and the related research questions.The testing, by this research, yielded useful insights on the research problem.First, in order for Malaysian property developers to gain a sustainable competitive advantage, there is a need for fresh emphasis and commitment towards customer service, placing special focus on the development of employees in the area of emotional intelligence (EQ) through the reinforcement of emotional competencies. Despite efforts to enhance customer service through training programmes, the lack of effectiveness needs to be addressed and new measures should be undertaken.Second, the need for Malaysian property development companies to understand the importance of building a service culture and to begin by formulating and implementing a service strategy and it is here that leadership plays a critical role in ensuring the success of every customer service programme throughout the entire organisation. This suggests that new approaches to creating a service culture are necessary, benchmarking with best practices of service leaders around the world, even from different industries. Third, the need for the customer service training model to be reviewed and revamped. It calls for new emphasis on the development of emotional intelligence (EQ) competencies, to ensure training effectiveness and the achievement of customer service excellence through human capital.Finally, the research findings permitted the construct of a policy framework for securing sustainable competitive advantage. The research yielded useful insights for theory and model building. In respect of enhancing customer service to achieve sustainable competitive advantage in the Malaysian property development market, the research findings suggested a Service Culture Development Model that will ensure that customer service excellence can be maintained and delivered consistently, leading to a sustainable competitive advantage in the marketplace. In respect of enhancing customer service through the development of EQ competencies in every employee and throughout the organisation, the research findings suggested a new Customer Service Training Model, where EQ competencies development programme becomes the pre-requisite foundational programme for all employees, prior to the training of customer service skill-sets. In order to create a service culture throughout the entire organisation, a customer service-oriented organisation will ensure that all employees, including top management personnel, participate in the EQ development programme.Follow-up research to test a model, based on this framework should further contribute to new theory development in emotional intelligence impacting customer service in the Malaysian property development industry.

Les périphéries des villes syriennes, les unes agricoles ou maraîchères, les autres désertiques, ont connu au cours des dernières décennies du XXème siècle un puissant mouvement d’urbanisation, qui a très souvent donné naissance à des quartiers non réglementaires ; ceux-ci occupent en moyenne 40% du territoire des agglomérations et à peu près le même pourcentage de leur population. La ville de Lattaquié, chef-lieu de mohafazat et principale ville de la Syrie méditerranéenne, se situe pratiquement au niveau de cette moyenne nationale. La thèse est consacrée d’abord à analyser les raisons pour lesquelles les quartiers « clandestins » occupent une telle place alors que les pouvoirs publics n’ont cessé pendant des années de nier leur réalité. L’analyse combine l’intensité des mouvements migratoires vers la ville, les faibles résultats de la production de logements sociaux par l’Etat, l’impéritie des sociétés immobilières publiques, le très faible investissement des capitaux privés dans le logement locatif, et enfin les contraintes multiples imposées tant par les pouvoirs publics que par la municipalité de Lattaquié aux auto-constructeurs ou aux petits promoteurs privés (gel du foncier, plans d’aménagement urbain non publiés, difficultés d’obtention des permis de construire, etc.). La thèse vise ensuite à étudier les changements opérés dans le champ de la production urbaine et de l’urbanisme à partir de l’an 2000 et de l’arrivée au pouvoir de Bachar Al-Assad. Après une analyse des changements intervenus au plan national, elle cherche à en mesurer les effets au plan local (Lattaquié). Elle insiste sur la généralisation de la tolérance envers les quartiers non réglementaires, l’émergence (lente) de politiques de requalification des quartiers de ce type, la réalisation d’un grand programme de logements sociaux subventionnés par l’Etat, apparition de quelques résidences « fermées » pour classes riches. / The outskirts of the Syrian’s cities, some of theme agriculturals or maraichers, others deserts, have known in the course of the last decades of the 20the century a strong movement of urbanization, which often have given rise to informal settlement ; those occupy on average 4% of the territory of agglomerations, and more or less, the same percentage of their inhabitants. The city of Lattakia, Capital of a mohafazat and a main city of the Mediterranean Syria, is practically situated on the same national level. This thesis is devoted, at first, to analyze the reasons for what, theses informal settlements occupy so much of place while the authorities have not stopped, during a years, to deny their reality. The analyze combine the intensity of the movement of migration toward the city, the slight result of the production of social housing by the State, the disability Of the public housing Societies, the very slight investment of the private capitals in the rented housing, last the many constraints imposed both by the authority and by the municipality of Lattakia on the auto-constructor and the little property developers (freeze land, non published developing plan, difficulty to obtaining a licence of construction, etc.). Then, the thesis aim to study the changes happened in the domain of the urban production and the urban planning starting from the year 2000 and the ascent of Bashar Al Assad to the power. After an analyze of the changes happened on the national level, the thesis try to measure the effects on the local one (Lattakia). It stress the generalization of the tolerance toward the informal settlements, the (slow) rising of upgrade policy for these type of settlements, the realisation of a social housing program subsidized by the state, the appearance of some “gated” housing for the rich class.

2018 startade några boende i Björkhagen söder om Stockholm föreningen ”Björkhagens Hjärta”. De saknade gemensamma lokaler och ville arbeta för ett kulturhus i den nedlagda och rivningshotade panncentralen, fastigheten ”Åskvädret 2” på Halmstadsvägen/ Hässleholmvägen. I en slagning på panncentraler i Stockholm visade det sig att det finns många panncentraler i området som befinner sig i en liknande situation. I och med byte till fjärrvärme uttjänade byggnaderna på 1960- och 70-talen sitt syfte, och blev stående tomma eller uthyrda till verksamheter på korta och tillfälliga kontrakt. Då marken där dessa panncentraler ligger blivit dyrare och kommunen behöver mark till bostäder, finns ofta ett rivningshot kopplat till dessa byggnader. I mitt masterarbete undersöker jag specifikt panncentralen Åskvädret 2 som möjlig gemensam plats för de boende i området Björkhagen men spekulerar även vidare om strategier jag testar skulle kunna användas för att utveckla och skapa gemensamma rum i andra panncentraler. Med rummens storskaliga och industriella karaktär, ofta placerade centralt i ett bostadsområde finns en potential som jag blev nyfiken på att undersöka. Vad händer om man utgår från det befintliga och anpassar verksamheter och arkitektoniska tillägg utifrån det? Genom att med små medel förändra och förvalta det material som redan finns och har funnits på platsen, vill projektet inkludera både social och ekologisk hållbarhet med mål att återaktivera stadens rum för demokrati. Idag ser vi en stadsplanering som mest fokuserar på att maximera antal kvadratmeter boyta. Vi behöver fler bostäder, men var finns platserna för umgänge, dans, lek och debatt? / In 2018, residents in Björkhagen, south of Stockholm, started the association “Björkhagens Hjärta”. The lack of a communal space spurred their desire to develop a community center in a disused abandoned and demolition-threatened local heating plant, the property “Åskvädret 2”. In a Google-search for local heating plants in Stockholm, it became apparent that many others in the area are in a similar situation. These buildings served their purpose in the 1960s and 70s, after the transition to district heating, however, they were left empty or rented out to businesses on short and temporary contracts. As the land where these plants are located has become more valuable and municipalities need land for housing, there is often a threat of demolition linked to these buildings. In my master's thesis I investigate specifically the heating plant Åskvädret 2 as a possible community centre for residents in the Björkhagen area, additionally I speculate further whether the strategies I test could be used to develop and create similar spaces in other disused heating plats. The large scale and industrial character of these spaces, often located centrally in residential areas, was recognized as a potential that I became curious to explore. What happens if we start off with something that already exsist and adapt activities and architectural additions based on that? By using minimal funds to change and manage the material that already exists and has existed on the site, the project wants to include both social and ecological sustainability with the goal of reactivating the city's space for democracy. Today we see an urban planning that focuses mostly on maximizing the number of square meters of living space. We need more housing, but where are the places for socializing, dance, play and debate?