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[en] HISTORIC ROOTS AND CURRENT MISSION OF THE NAVAL CHAPLAIN: A PASTORAL-THEOLOGICAL STUDY IN A PROTESTANT PERSPECTIVE / [pt] RAÍZES HISTÓRICAS E ATUAL MISSÃO DO CAPELÃO NAVAL: UM ESTUDO TEOLÓGICO-PASTORAL EM PERSPECTIVA PROTESTANTEISRAEL THIAGO TROTA 22 September 2020 (has links)
[pt] A dissertação analisa o contexto histórico que marca a origem da função de capelão de navio no mundo; também procura refletir como esta tradição tornou-se comum nos navios brasileiros. Ao refletir sobre o nascedouro do capelão naval, a pesquisa analisa o perfil dos primeiros capelães navais e os desafios que envolveram os primórdios da assistência religiosa em uma embarcação. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, mapeia a presença do capelão naval na historiografia brasileira e de sua Marinha, abarcando o desenvolvimento histórico desta função nas fases da Colônia, Império e República, e da Marinha durante a Armada Real Portuguesa, na criação da Armada Imperial e Nacional, bem como na fase atual da Marinha do Brasil. Embora grande parte da pesquisa se suceda no campo da História, a motivação por trás da interpretação dos eventos é teológica e pastoral, promovendo uma interpretação protestante sobre a missão de um capelão naval na atualidade. A pesquisa reflete sobre a identidade do capelão naval, sua missão, seus desafios pastorais, os saberes que deve possuir e as atribuições deste ministério, revelando a necessidade de o capelão naval corresponder às exigências da instituição que representa, tendo a maturidade para pastorear um grupo heterogêneo e heterodoxo, dialogando com o ecumenismo e a inter-religiosidade, sem descaracterizar-se de sua confessionalidade. Impulsionado pelo desígnio de cumprir sua tríplice missão – assistência religiosa, assistência espiritual e apoio as atividades de educação moral – o capelão naval também é impelido teologicamente pela motivação cristã de servir as pessoas, testemunhando o evangelho de Cristo. / [en] This dissertation analyzes the historical context that sets the origin of the function of ship chaplains in the world; it also tries to reflect on how this tradition became common in Brazilian ships. Upon reflecting on the nascency of the naval chaplain, the research analyzes the profile of the first naval chaplains and the challenges involving the beginnings of religious assistance aboard a vessel. Through bibliographical research, the thesis maps the presence of the naval chaplain in Brazilian historiography and Navy, encompassing the historical development on the Colony, Empire and Republic phases, and the Navy during the Portuguese Royal Armada, in the creation of the Imperial and National Armada, as well as the current phase of the Brazilian Navy. Although a majority of the research takes place in the field of History, the motivation behind the interpretation of the events is theological and pastoral, enabling a Protestant interpretation about the mission of a naval chaplain nowadays. The research reflects on the identity of the naval chaplain, his mission and pastoral challenges, the knowledges he must have and attributions of the ministry, revealing the need for the naval chaplain to correspond to the demands of the institution he represents, having the maturity to shepherd a heterogeneous and heterodox group, whilst dialoguing with ecumenism and inter-religiosity, not losing the characteristics of his confessionality. Driven by the design of fulfilling his triple constitutional mission – religious assistance, spiritual assistance, and support on moral education activities – the naval chaplain is also theologically impelled by the Christian motivation of serving people, witnessing Christ s Gospel.
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Bulgarische Evangelische Gesellschaft, 1875-1958 : die Geschichte der ersten organisierten evangelistischen Eigeninitiative bulgarischer evangelischer Christen / The Bulgarian Evangelical Society, 1875-1958 : the history of the first organized evangelistic initiative of Bulgarian evangelical ChristiansFlad, Simone, 1971- 02 1900 (has links)
German text / Die Bulgarische Evangelische Gesellschaft (BEG) ist die erste organisierte Eigeninitiative
bulgarischer evangelischer Christen, die dem Ziel verpflichtet war, zur Evangelisation der
Bulgaren beizutragen. Neben der Literaturarbeit und der finanziellen Unterstützung von Predigern
und Pastoren gehörte die Förderung von Einheit unter den evangelischen Christen zu
den wichtigsten Arbeitsbereichen der BEG. Letzteres wurde vor allem auch in den Jahresversammlungen
verwirklicht, die allgemein eine wichtige Plattform für die verschiedenen
Arbeitszweige darstellten.
1875 in einer äußerst unsicheren Zeit gegründet, überstand die BEG mehrere Kriege wie
auch interne Probleme, bis sie (wie andere Vereine) 1958 vom kommunistischen Regime aufgelöst
wurde. Ihre Geschichte spiegelt in weiten Teilen die Entwicklung der bulgarischen
evangelischen Bewegung wider – deren Beschaffenheit und Besonderheiten, deren Erfolge
sowie interne und externe Herausforderungen. Als interdenominationelle Organisation und
mit der breiten Unterstützung durch einen Großteil der evangelischen Leiter wie auch durch
viele Gemeindemitglieder nahm die BEG in der sich entwickelnden protestantischen Landschaft
Bulgariens eine prägende Rolle ein.
Bis dato ist die frühe protestantische Geschichte Bulgariens hauptsächlich aus dem
Blickwinkel der Missionsarbeit der amerikanischen Missionen behandelt worden. Anhand der
neu aufgefundenen Jahresberichte der BEG und anderer Primärquellen kann nun das Augenmerk
auf diese heute fast vergessene Eigeninitiative der noch jungen evangelischen Bewegung
Bulgariens gerichtet werden. Diese Studie leistet einen Beitrag zur evangelischen Kirchen-
und Missionsgeschichtsschreibung in Bulgarien. / The Bulgarian Evangelical Society (BES) was the first organized initiative by Bulgarian evangelical
Christians to evangelize Bulgarian people. In addition to publishing Christian literature
and providing financial help for preachers and pastors, one of its major activities was to work
towards unity among evangelical Christians. This was mostly realized at the annual meetings
of the membership of the BES, which provided an important platform for the society's different
ministries.
Founded in 1875 in a very insecure time for the Bulgarian people, the BES managed to
survive several wars and various internal problems until it was dissolved in 1958 by the Communist
Regime, along with other non-governmental organizations. The history of the BES to a
large extent reflects the development of the Bulgarian evangelical movement as a whole in its
qualities and characteristics, its successes and in its internal and external challenges. As an
interdenominational organisation and because it had the broad support of a large part of the
evangelical leaders as well as many church members, the BES played an important role in the
development of Protestantism in Bulgaria.
In the past, the early Protestant history of Bulgaria frequently has been portrayed as the
missionary work of American missionaries. With the newly rediscovered annual reports of the
BES and other primary sources it has now become possible to uncover the significant role of
this almost forgotten initiative of the early Bulgarian evangelical movement. In doing so, this
study contributes both to history of missions and to the history of the Protestant Church in
Bulgaria. / Christian Spirituality, Church History & Missiology / D. Th. (Missiology)
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Vewirklichung des allgemeinen Priestertums als Grundfrage missionarischen Gemeindeaufbaus : dargestellt am Beispiel der evangelischen gemeinde Schönblick als Modell wachstumorientierter Gemeindearbeit / The realisation of the priesthood of all believers as motivation for missional church growth : the evangelical congregation of Schönblick as a model for growth oriented church practiceBrixel, Harald 11 1900 (has links)
German text / Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich der Bedeutung des Allgemeinen Priestertums im missionarischen
Gemeindeaufbau. Leitend ist dabei die Frage, inwieweit die Verwirklichung des
Allgemeinen Priestertums ein Wachstumsfaktor für Gemeinden darstellt. Die Untersuchung
beginnt mit einer biblisch fundierten Definition des Gemeindewachstums. Darauf aufbauend
folgt eine Erläuterung der Typologie des Gemeindewachstums sowie eine Darstellung der primären
Wachstumsfaktoren und ihrer Zusammenhänge. Im Anschluss wird auf der Grundlage
der biblischen Begründung sowie des Forschungsstandes ein ekklesiologisches Konzept des
Allgemeinen Priestertums entworfen. Ausgewählte Schwerpunkte der kirchengeschichtlichen
Entwicklung vertiefen die dogmatischen und praktischen Erkenntnisse zur Verwirklichung
des Allgemeinen Priestertums.
Die biblische Begründung des Allgemeinen Priestertums bildet im weiteren Forschungsverlauf
die Grundlage zur Entwicklung einer quantitativen Umfrage. Unter Verwendung
des eigens erstellten Fragebogens wird die Verwirklichung des Allgemeinen Priestertums
in der Ev. Gemeinde Schönblick sowie in der Ev. Kirchengemeinde Bernhausen vergleichend
und hypothesenprüfend untersucht. Auf der Basis der quantitativen Ergebnisse folgt
mit Hilfe von unterschiedlichen Leitfadeninterviews eine qualitative Umfrage in der Ev. Gemeinde
Schönblick. Die Analyse der qualitativen Studie erfolgt durch die Anwendung der
Grounded Theory hypothesengenerierend.
Schließlich wird das empirische Gesamtergebnis dem ekklesiologischen Konzept des
Allgemeinen Priestertums gegenübergestellt, um individuelle Handlungsanweisungen für den
Glaubenden sowie Strukturprinzipien für den Gemeindeaufbau zu begründen. Die Doktorarbeit
(Thesis) leistet damit einen empirischen Beitrag zum Verständnis des Allgemeinen Priestertums
als Grundfrage eines missionarischen Gemeindeaufbaus. Die Ev. Gemeinde Schönblick
dient dabei als Modell einer wachstumsorientierten Gemeindearbeit. / The present work deals with the meaning of the priesthood of all believers in missionary
church development. The leading question is: To what extent is the development of the priesthood
of all believers a factor of growth in the work of a given congregation? The study begins
with a biblical definition of church growth. From this starting point, the types of church
growth are discussed and key growth factors and their context are elucidated. On the basis of
this biblical foundation and drawing on current research, an ecclesiological concept for the
priesthood of all believers will then be formulated. Selected key factors in the historic development
of the church will serve to underpin the dogmatic and empirical findings pertaining to
the realisation of the priesthood of all believers.
The biblical foundation of the priesthood of all believers forms the basis of the development
of a quantitative survey which will be done during the course of the study. Using a
specially designed questionnaire, the praxis of the priesthood of all believers in the evangelical
congregation of Schönblick as well as in the church of Bernhausen is examined, compared,
and the hypothesis is tested. On the basis of the quantitative results a qualitative survey of the
evangelical congregation of Schönblick is conducted with the help of various guided interviews.
The analysis of the qualitative study is done using the Grounded Theory in a way that
generates a hypothesis.
Finally, the overall empirical result is put in juxtaposition to the ecclesiological
concept of the priesthood of all believers in order to establish reasons for individual instructions
of the believers as well as structural principles for the congregation. The doctoral thesis
provides an empirical contribution to the understanding of the priesthood of all believers as a
foundation of church growth. The evangelical congregation of Schönblick serves as a model
of a church oriented towards growth. / Practical Theology / D. Th. (Practical Theology)
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Zukunft der protestantischen Denominationen in Hamburg / Identity and future of the Protestant denominations in HamburgWolff, Matthias Christian 12 1900 (has links)
Text in German / Diese MTh Dissertation mit dem Titel Identität und Zukunft der protestantischen Denominationen in Hamburg befasst sich mit der Entwicklung protestantischer Kirchen in Hamburg und dem Bild, auf das die protestantische Landschaft möglicherweise zusteuert. Ausgangspunkt ist eine Reihe von Beobachtungen und Entwicklungen, die Raum für die Hypothese geliefert haben, dass denominationelle Unterschiede ihre Bedeutung verlieren und sowohl protestantische Zusammenarbeit als auch eine gemeinsame christliche Identität an Gewicht gewinnen werden.
Die Befragung setzte einen besonderen Akzent auf das Verhältnis von liberalen und
konservativen (evangelikalen) Protestanten. Die empirische Untersuchung, die sich der Methodik der Grounded Theory bediente, wie auch das umfassende Literaturstudium konnten die Hypothese im Allgemeinen bestätigen. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich die Perspektive einer stark an den Bedürfnissen der Gesellschaft orientierten kirchlichen Arbeit, die von einem deutlichen Bewusstsein des gemeinsamen Christuszeugnisses und einem ausgeprägten ökumenischen Geist getragen ist.
Neben dem Ziel einer empirisch gestützten validen Zukunftsperspektive soll diese Arbeit
Entscheidungshilfe und Impulspapier für christliche Leiter in Hamburg und Deutschland sein. / This MTh dissertation titled Identity and Future of Protestant Denominations in Hamburg deals with the
development of protestant churches in Hamburg and the picture, the protestant landscape is
possibly heading for. Initial point is a number of observations giving room for the supposition
that denominational differences will loose their importance and protestant cooperation as well as
a common christian identity will gain relevance. The survey put special attention on the
relationship of liberal and conservative (evangelical) protestants.
The empirical research, using the method of Grounded Theory, as well as the widespread literacy
investigation served for – generally speaking – a confirmation of the hypothesis. As a result, it
appears a perspective of a church that is strongly orientated towards the needs of society and
carried by a clear awareness of the common testimony of Christ and a distinct ecumenical spirit.
Besides the goal of a valid and empirically based future perspective, this work intends to be a
decision aid and discussion paper for christian leaders in Hamburg and Germany. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Missiology with specialisation in Urban Ministry)
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Bulgarische Evangelische Gesellschaft, 1875-1958 : die Geschichte der ersten organisierten evangelistischen Eigeninitiative bulgarischer evangelischer Christen / The Bulgarian Evangelical Society, 1875-1958 : the history of the first organized evangelistic initiative of Bulgarian evangelical ChristiansFlad, Simone, 1971- 02 1900 (has links)
German text / Die Bulgarische Evangelische Gesellschaft (BEG) ist die erste organisierte Eigeninitiative
bulgarischer evangelischer Christen, die dem Ziel verpflichtet war, zur Evangelisation der
Bulgaren beizutragen. Neben der Literaturarbeit und der finanziellen Unterstützung von Predigern
und Pastoren gehörte die Förderung von Einheit unter den evangelischen Christen zu
den wichtigsten Arbeitsbereichen der BEG. Letzteres wurde vor allem auch in den Jahresversammlungen
verwirklicht, die allgemein eine wichtige Plattform für die verschiedenen
Arbeitszweige darstellten.
1875 in einer äußerst unsicheren Zeit gegründet, überstand die BEG mehrere Kriege wie
auch interne Probleme, bis sie (wie andere Vereine) 1958 vom kommunistischen Regime aufgelöst
wurde. Ihre Geschichte spiegelt in weiten Teilen die Entwicklung der bulgarischen
evangelischen Bewegung wider – deren Beschaffenheit und Besonderheiten, deren Erfolge
sowie interne und externe Herausforderungen. Als interdenominationelle Organisation und
mit der breiten Unterstützung durch einen Großteil der evangelischen Leiter wie auch durch
viele Gemeindemitglieder nahm die BEG in der sich entwickelnden protestantischen Landschaft
Bulgariens eine prägende Rolle ein.
Bis dato ist die frühe protestantische Geschichte Bulgariens hauptsächlich aus dem
Blickwinkel der Missionsarbeit der amerikanischen Missionen behandelt worden. Anhand der
neu aufgefundenen Jahresberichte der BEG und anderer Primärquellen kann nun das Augenmerk
auf diese heute fast vergessene Eigeninitiative der noch jungen evangelischen Bewegung
Bulgariens gerichtet werden. Diese Studie leistet einen Beitrag zur evangelischen Kirchen-
und Missionsgeschichtsschreibung in Bulgarien. / The Bulgarian Evangelical Society (BES) was the first organized initiative by Bulgarian evangelical
Christians to evangelize Bulgarian people. In addition to publishing Christian literature
and providing financial help for preachers and pastors, one of its major activities was to work
towards unity among evangelical Christians. This was mostly realized at the annual meetings
of the membership of the BES, which provided an important platform for the society's different
ministries.
Founded in 1875 in a very insecure time for the Bulgarian people, the BES managed to
survive several wars and various internal problems until it was dissolved in 1958 by the Communist
Regime, along with other non-governmental organizations. The history of the BES to a
large extent reflects the development of the Bulgarian evangelical movement as a whole in its
qualities and characteristics, its successes and in its internal and external challenges. As an
interdenominational organisation and because it had the broad support of a large part of the
evangelical leaders as well as many church members, the BES played an important role in the
development of Protestantism in Bulgaria.
In the past, the early Protestant history of Bulgaria frequently has been portrayed as the
missionary work of American missionaries. With the newly rediscovered annual reports of the
BES and other primary sources it has now become possible to uncover the significant role of
this almost forgotten initiative of the early Bulgarian evangelical movement. In doing so, this
study contributes both to history of missions and to the history of the Protestant Church in
Bulgaria. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D. Th. (Missiology)
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Vewirklichung des allgemeinen Priestertums als Grundfrage missionarischen Gemeindeaufbaus : dargestellt am Beispiel der evangelischen gemeinde Schönblick als Modell wachstumorientierter Gemeindearbeit / The realisation of the priesthood of all believers as motivation for missional church growth : the evangelical congregation of Schönblick as a model for growth oriented church practiceBrixel, Harald 11 1900 (has links)
German text / Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich der Bedeutung des Allgemeinen Priestertums im missionarischen
Gemeindeaufbau. Leitend ist dabei die Frage, inwieweit die Verwirklichung des
Allgemeinen Priestertums ein Wachstumsfaktor für Gemeinden darstellt. Die Untersuchung
beginnt mit einer biblisch fundierten Definition des Gemeindewachstums. Darauf aufbauend
folgt eine Erläuterung der Typologie des Gemeindewachstums sowie eine Darstellung der primären
Wachstumsfaktoren und ihrer Zusammenhänge. Im Anschluss wird auf der Grundlage
der biblischen Begründung sowie des Forschungsstandes ein ekklesiologisches Konzept des
Allgemeinen Priestertums entworfen. Ausgewählte Schwerpunkte der kirchengeschichtlichen
Entwicklung vertiefen die dogmatischen und praktischen Erkenntnisse zur Verwirklichung
des Allgemeinen Priestertums.
Die biblische Begründung des Allgemeinen Priestertums bildet im weiteren Forschungsverlauf
die Grundlage zur Entwicklung einer quantitativen Umfrage. Unter Verwendung
des eigens erstellten Fragebogens wird die Verwirklichung des Allgemeinen Priestertums
in der Ev. Gemeinde Schönblick sowie in der Ev. Kirchengemeinde Bernhausen vergleichend
und hypothesenprüfend untersucht. Auf der Basis der quantitativen Ergebnisse folgt
mit Hilfe von unterschiedlichen Leitfadeninterviews eine qualitative Umfrage in der Ev. Gemeinde
Schönblick. Die Analyse der qualitativen Studie erfolgt durch die Anwendung der
Grounded Theory hypothesengenerierend.
Schließlich wird das empirische Gesamtergebnis dem ekklesiologischen Konzept des
Allgemeinen Priestertums gegenübergestellt, um individuelle Handlungsanweisungen für den
Glaubenden sowie Strukturprinzipien für den Gemeindeaufbau zu begründen. Die Doktorarbeit
(Thesis) leistet damit einen empirischen Beitrag zum Verständnis des Allgemeinen Priestertums
als Grundfrage eines missionarischen Gemeindeaufbaus. Die Ev. Gemeinde Schönblick
dient dabei als Modell einer wachstumsorientierten Gemeindearbeit. / The present work deals with the meaning of the priesthood of all believers in missionary
church development. The leading question is: To what extent is the development of the priesthood
of all believers a factor of growth in the work of a given congregation? The study begins
with a biblical definition of church growth. From this starting point, the types of church
growth are discussed and key growth factors and their context are elucidated. On the basis of
this biblical foundation and drawing on current research, an ecclesiological concept for the
priesthood of all believers will then be formulated. Selected key factors in the historic development
of the church will serve to underpin the dogmatic and empirical findings pertaining to
the realisation of the priesthood of all believers.
The biblical foundation of the priesthood of all believers forms the basis of the development
of a quantitative survey which will be done during the course of the study. Using a
specially designed questionnaire, the praxis of the priesthood of all believers in the evangelical
congregation of Schönblick as well as in the church of Bernhausen is examined, compared,
and the hypothesis is tested. On the basis of the quantitative results a qualitative survey of the
evangelical congregation of Schönblick is conducted with the help of various guided interviews.
The analysis of the qualitative study is done using the Grounded Theory in a way that
generates a hypothesis.
Finally, the overall empirical result is put in juxtaposition to the ecclesiological
concept of the priesthood of all believers in order to establish reasons for individual instructions
of the believers as well as structural principles for the congregation. The doctoral thesis
provides an empirical contribution to the understanding of the priesthood of all believers as a
foundation of church growth. The evangelical congregation of Schönblick serves as a model
of a church oriented towards growth. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / D. Th. (Practical Theology)
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A critical analysis of the application of the sola Scriptura principle in Adventist theological thinking and practical action with special reference to the Zambian contextHachalinga, Passmore 06 1900 (has links)
Theological divisions are threatening the Seventh-day Adventist Church’s unity and focus
on mission. Some Adventist theologians suggest that the cause of these divisions is a departure by
other Adventist theologians from adhering to and applying the sola Scriptura principle. This study
analyzes this problem.
Chapter one presents reasons for a call during the 16th century, to reform the church to its
apostolic purity. Martin Luther and other Protestant Reformers argued against the medieval church,
popes, and church councils’ claim for authority to properly interpret and teach Scripture and
Tradition. Differing views of reforming the church sparked divisions among the Protestant
Reformers, creating two main streams, the magisterial and the radical Reformers. The Roman
Catholic Church responded to the Protestant Reformations with a Counter-Reformation.
Chapter two discusses Seventh-day Adventism’s application of the sola Scriptura principle.
Although Adventism claims to descend from the radical wing of the Protestant Reformations, its
acceptance of Ellen G. White’s prophetic ministry and her non-canonical inspired writings departs
from a radical application of the sola Scriptura principle.
Chapter three presents Biblical evidences for God’s use of multiple media of communication
beside the Bible. Therefore Adventism needs to clearly define its understanding and application of
the sola Scriptura principle to accommodate other theological sources in addition to the Bible.
Chapter four presents Scripture in Zambian Adventist context, tracing Adventism’s use of
the Bible in evangelization. Adventism’s responses to changing socio-political and religiopluralistic
trends which threatened to marginalize Bible Instructions, and the development of, but
failed attempt to implement an Adventist Bible-based Religious Education syllabus at Rusangu
Secondary School are presented.
Chapter five gives the general summary, conclusion and recommendations. / Systematic Theology and Theological Ethics / D.Th. (Systematic Theology)
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Exploring and storying Protestants Christian women's experiences living in sexually unhappy marriagesSpies, Nicoline 06 1900 (has links)
This research project arose from my journeys with Protestant Christian women who were living in
sexually unhappy marriages. In South African Protestant faith communities there is the expectation
that Christian marriages will experience sexual fulfilment. For many Christian women however,
sexual unhappiness becomes their reality. Sexuality is cocooned in silence not only within the
church, but also in many Christian marriages. This leaves many Christian women (and men) with
little or no recourse to address sexually unhappy marriages.
My research journey briefly explored the social construction of sexuality within the history of
Christianity to see which discourses underpin current constructions of White Christian female
sexuality. This participatory feminist action research journey centralised the voices of present-day
contexts: Protestant Christian women, as well as clergy, were invited to share their understandings
and interpretations of matrimony and sexual practices in relation to their faith. With the help of
narrative therapeutic practices, some of the dominant social and religious discourses that constitute
White Christian female sexuality were explored, deconstructed and challenged.
This research journey aimed to penetrate this silence and to invite Christian women, who are living
in sexually unhappy marriages, to share their experiences. This exploration included the faith
predicaments and relational complexities, challenges and dilemmas Protestant Christian women
experience when living in sexually unhappy marriages. This feminist-grounded action research
explored the effects and consequences which living in sexually unhappy marriages held for the cosearchers. / Practical Theology / D.Th. (Specialisation in Pastoral Therapy)
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A history of the Dutch Reformed Church in Zimbabwe : with special reference to the Chinhoyi CongregationPretorius, Shirley Frances January 1999 (has links)
This history which spans the period 1836 -1995, gives a picture of the Dutch Reformed Church in Zimbabwe which evolved from the missionary endeavour of the mother church in South Africa into an independent autonomous church. It is a story of Dutch (Afrikaner) piety in which the most important components are
evangelisation, education and language, the whole of which was, and is still, influenced by the evangelical piety of Andrew Murray. With regard to the education of their children, the Dutch Reformed members believed that Christian education in the mother tongue was the ideal. This world view, together with the Protestant principle, that people should read and interpret Scripture for themselves, resulted in the establishment of three churches in Zimbabwe. Firstly, the Dutch Reformed Church (Synod of Central Africa), that ministers to the Afrikaans and English members of all races. Secondly, the Reformed Church
of Zimbabwe that ministers to the Shona people, and thirdly the Church of Central Africa Presbyterian (Synod Malawi) that ministers to the migrant workers from Malawi.
Of the three components in Dutch piety, evangelisation is regarded by the members
as the most important in their missionary endeavour. This is the search for a contextual identity and illustrates how the Afrikaners in Zimbabwe experienced the reality of God in their lives. It is also a description of the interaction of the Dutch Reformed Church in Zimbabwe with the society in which it found itself. This interaction is observed to be of four types, namely, public witness, social upliftment and empowerment, the increase of social strength and the establishment of the community. / Church History
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The status of environmental literacy and Christian environmental stewardship in selected training institutions of the Uniting Reformed Church in Southern AfricaTshenye, Rantshabo Daniel 11 1900 (has links)
Despite the fact that the Bible as the inspired Word of God deals primarily with the relationship between God and humankind and the way to salvation and eternal life, the Bible also presents tenets that entreat the protection of the natural and biophysical world. Consequently, since the environment is a foremost aspect of God’s creation it is appropriate to establish the Biblical perspective on creation as a whole and Christians’ subsequent position and duty to creation.
Humankind has been ecologically irresponsible. Greed, inadequate knowledge and negligence have led to exploitation, degradation, and disregard for the natural environment. Unfortunately, there appears to be a “deep silence” within the Christian Church worldwide as well as in South Africa on believers’ role and duty towards the natural created environment. The premise underpinning this thesis is that God’s redemptive care applies not only to people, but also to the whole of creation and that believers have a Biblical mandate to care for the natural environment and afford it its concomitant value. The Bible provides believers with directives regarding environmental care summarised in God’s requirement for man to “work [the earth] and take care of it” (Gen. 2: 15).
The anticipated outcomes of this research were to establish the status of Environmental Stewardship as a dimension Christian Stewardship and the level of Environmental Literacy provided for in the curricula of theological seminaries of the Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa. The study further attempted to determine the level of understanding and stance of ministers, lecturers, elders and students towards these issues.
Believers have a duty of care in relation to God’s creation in totality – both humanity and the natural environment. There is a great need for Christian discussion on and improvement in the appropriate use and protection of the environment. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Ed. (Didactics)
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