The development of new technology has made it possible for new ways of shopping. By providing more digital services in the physical stores, there is a possibility for the stores to provide a more ubiquitous and smart shopping experience for its customers. The report will present an iOS application prototype, as part of an ubiquitous store system concept, which will turn an iPhone into a temporary, integrated part of a smart store system concept. The purpose of the system is to enhance the shopping experience by reducing known non-technical issues such as perceived low level of service, lack of product information and the slow speed of the shopping process, with the use of technology based solutions, such as self-scanning with the use of an iPhone and indoor localization for easier navigation and faster service. The developed iOS application enables a user to scan any product, with a barcode, in the store and get further information about availability, color options and so forth. It will enables the user to request products from the staff members if sizes are not available in the actual store. It also provides easier and faster service with the use of indoor localization and positioning, to find the user or find product sections in the store faster. The focus of the report was the development of the iOS application prototype, and a case-study was used to evaluate the prototype in a retail store setting. The evaluation included a case scenario where participants were asked to perform three tasks related to a general shopping scenario, as well as the identified problems. The time difference to finish each task was observed and measured to determine the actual impact in time on each task, together with a survey to determine the perceived impact of the developed application prototype on each task. 83,3 % of the participants found it easier to navigate in the store, as well as getting product information with the use of the application. 66,3 % found that the application did not fully compensate the services generally provided by the store staff, but was a good complement. The overall experience of the application was positive, with emphasis on the scanning possibility in store, as well as the great concept with having indoor location. Further, a total time improvement of 31,6 % for the full scenario was achieved with the use of the application. The thesis conclude that an application can be designed to reduce some common time-related issues, such as low level of service, lack of product information and the slow speed of the shopping process. Although the proof of concept is deemed satisfactory, further work and test are needed to fully implement and integrate the prototype and store system concept in reality. / Utvecklingen av ny teknik har möjliggjort nya sätt att shoppa. Genom att förse de fysiska butikerna med fler digitala lösningar skapas det möjligheter för butiker att tillhandahålla en mer ubikvitär och smart shoppingupplevelse för sina kunder. Rapporten kommer att presentera en iOS-applikation prototyp, som en del av ett ubikvitär butikssystemskoncept, som kommer att göra en iPhone till en tillfällig integrerad del av ett smart butikssystemkoncept. Syftet med systemet är att förbättra shoppingupplevelsen genom att minska kända icketekniska problem som uppfattad låg servicenivå, brist på produktinformation och låg hastighet på shoppingprocessen, med hjälp av tekniskt baserade lösningar, som självskanning, med hjälp av en iPhone, och inomhuslokalisering för enklare navigering och snabbare service. Den utvecklade iOS-applikationen möjliggör för en användare att skanna en produkt, med streckkod, i butiken och få mer information om tillgänglighet, färgalternativ och så vidare. Den gör det även möjligt för användaren att begära produkter från personalen om storlekar inte finns tillgängliga i den aktuella butiken. Applikationen möjliggör också enklare och snabbare service med användning av inomhuslokalisering och positionering, för att hitta användaren eller hitta produktsektioner i butiken snabbare. Rapportens inriktning var utvecklingen av iOS-applikation prototypen, och en fallstudie användes för att utvärdera prototypen i en simulerad butikmiljö. I utvärderingen ingick ett scenario där deltagarna ombads utföra tre uppgifter relaterade till ett generellt köpescenario, samt de identifierade problemen. Tidsskillnaden för att slutfora varje uppgift observerades och mättes för att bestämma den aktuella effekten i tid för varje uppgift, tillsammans med en enkätundersökning för att bestämma den upplevda effekten av den utvecklade applikationsprototypen på varje uppgift. 83,3% av deltagarna fann det lättare att navigera i affären, samt att få produktinformation med användningen av applikationen. 66,3% fann att applikationen inte fullt ut kompenserade för de tjänster som allmänt tillhandahålls av butikspersonalen, men den ansågs vara ett bra komplement. Den övergripande upplevelsen av applikationen var positiv, med tonvikt på möjligheten att skanna varor själv i butiken, såväl som det bra konceptet med inomhuslokalisering. Vidare uppnåddes en total tidsförbättring på 31,6% för hela scenariot med användning av applikationen. Arbetet drar slutsatsen att en applikation kan utformas för att minska vissa vanliga tidsrelaterade problem, såsom låg servicenivå, brist på produktinformation och inköpsprocessens långsamma hastighet. Trots att “proof of concept” anses vara tillfredsställande krävs ytterligare arbete och tester för att fullt ut kunna implementera och integrera prototypoch butikssystemskonceptet i verkligheten.

This report presents the process of a product development of an iron with technicallyimproved functions, an ergonomic evaluation with suggestion of improvement and a designprocess of an iron designed for the context it will be used in. The master thesis was written bytwo master students from Industrial Engineering and Management department of The RoyalInstitute of Technology at the Advanced Development department at Electrolux.A literature study was performed using KTH search tool Primo for articles of scientific heightalong with a state of the art and market analysis and a patent search. After the literature studythe process moved over to an investigation or different ironing methods inspired by thestandard IEC 60311. The result was used in combination with literature study to developtechnical prototypes which concluded in one final product.A user study was completed with a survey, observation and deeper interviews to understandusers’ needs which resulted in insights, personas and customer journeys. The user studyfindings were thereafter analysed and categorised into a list of opportunity of improvements,function analysis and list of requirements. These were used as tools when continuing withidea generation and prototype development. The prototypes resulted in a technical solutionand an ergonomic study focusing on the angle of the handle. User tests were completed withinboth areas which resulted in recommendations and suggestions based on user needs.A design concept was developed alongside the prototyping process. This process consisted ofsketches, models and a final design based on three mood boards describing Electrolux, thecontext the iron is used and design guidelines for the new iron.The final product resulted in an ergonomic and sustainable iron with a design which blendswith the interior of a home. The handle was suggested to be 30o in relation to the soleplate toenable a relaxing posture for the wrist and body. / Denna rapport presenterar en produktutvecklingsprocess av ett strykjärn med teknisktförbättrade funktioner, en ergonomisk utvärdering med förslag på förbättring och endesignprocess av ett strykjärn designat för det sammanhang det används i. Examensarbetetslutfördes av två master studenter från Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, KTH, förPrimärutvecklingsavdelningen på Electrolux.En litteraturstudie utfördes med hjälp av KTHs sökverktyg Primo för artiklar av vetenskaplighöjd tillsammans med en State of the Art, marknadsanalys och en patentsökning. Efterlitteraturstudien fortsatte processen med en undersökning av olika strykningsmetoder medhjälp av standarden IEC 60311. Resultatet användes i kombination med litteraturstudien vidutveckling av tekniska prototyper.En användarstudie genomfördes inkluderande en enkätundersökning, observation ochdjupare intervjuer för att förstå användarnas behov. Detta resulterade i flera insikter, personasoch kundresor. Resultatet av användarstudierna analyserades därefter och sammanfattadestill en lista med möjligheter till förbättringar, en funktionsanalys och kravspecifikation. Dessaanvändes som verktyg i det fortsatta arbetet med idégenerering och prototyputveckling.Prototyperna resulterade i en teknisk lösning och en ergonomisk studie med fokus påhandtagets vinkel. Användartester utfördes för båda prototypområdena, vilket resulterade irekommendationer och förslag baserat på användarnas behov.Ett designkoncept utvecklades parallellt med de två prototypprocesserna. Denna processbestod av skisser, modeller och en slutlig design baserad på tre MoodBoards, en som beskriverElectrolux, en för omgivningen som strykjärnet används och en med design riktlinjer för detnya strykjärnet.Slutprodukten resulterade i ett ergonomiskt och hållbart strykjärn med en design som passarin i ett hem. Handtaget föreslås vara 30o mot stryksulan för att möjliggöra en meravslappnande hållning för handleden och kroppen.

This study investigated possible solutions to the current wartime problem of junctional hemorrhaging, or massive traumatic hemorrhaging in non-tourinquetable areas such as the neck, groin, or armpit. Junctional hemorrhaging has been identified as a major contributor to potentially survivable deaths seen on the battlefield today and therefore is a priority for the U.S. armed and coalition forces (Kragh et al., 2011a; Bozeman, 2011). Common tourniquets today are standard issue and carried by soldiers in the military, but are limited to distal extremity trauma. As the battlefield has changes however, trauma has transformed from commonly seen gunshot wounds to more extreme trauma such as dismounted complex blast injuries which typically includes loss of one or more appendages. These newly found situations render the traditional tourniquet ineffective. Thus, the development of a new tourniquet to control hemorrhaging from regions such as the neck, armpit, and groin has been deemed necessary. The development of a new tourniquet for hemorrhage control included market research, preliminary testing to determine design restraints, design ideation, finite element analysis, manufacturing a prototype, and prototype testing. Research and comparisons were done of the strengths and weaknesses of tourniquets already approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Next, design limitations were found using preliminary testing on a blood-flow replicate model developed by Tracey Cheung. The results from this testing provided a framework for designing a new tourniquet. A new approach to control junction hemorrhaging was then designed, built, and tested on the Cheung model. To verify the design, simplified models were analyzed using finite element analysis. The prototype was then tested and compared against the FDA approved tourniquets, listing the advantages and possible shortcomings.

JavaScript-built programs are widely used by the general public, but they are also vulnerable to JavaScript-related exploits stemming from the newly discovered prototype pollution vulnerability. Research has been focused on understanding the impact of this vulnerability and finding ways to detect it using code analysis tools. However, current tools have difficulty achieving both high accuracy and completeness, and many do not provide out-of-thebox support for detecting prototype pollution. This creates the possibility of tools with no out-of-the-box support for the vulnerability potentially being better suited for different environments and scenarios than the currently employed state-of-the-art. This thesis aggregates the existing knowledge about prototype pollution detection and examines the detection capability of Joern, a code analysis tool that does not have out-of-the-box support for prototype pollution detection, by comparing it to the state-of-the-art tool CodeQL. The comparison is made by analyzing their ability to detect prototype pollution in vulnerable Node.js packages. Both tools use queries to analyze code. An implemented Joern query is compared to prototype pollution queries included in CodeQL, as well as a CodeQL query taken from the literature. The results show that Joern is capable of identifying prototype pollution vulnerabilities but also wrongly reports more places as vulnerable than it correctly identifies. The same issue was found with the CodeQL query taken from the literature, which also found more vulnerabilities than the implemented Joern query. However, the implemented Joern query could identify a larger number of vulnerabilities in the dataset than the included CodeQL queries. Joern’s reasons for the misclassification of code as (non)vulnerable were identified as JavaScript constructs/features not being correctly modeled, bugs in the tool, and difficulty in differentiating data structures from each other. In conclusion, Joern can be used to detect prototype pollution vulnerabilities but requires further development and research to improve its detection capability. / JavaScript-byggda program används dagligen av allmänheten, men dessa program är sårbara för olika JavaScript-relaterade angrepp möjliggjord av den nyligen upptäckta sårbarheten prototypförorening. Tidigare forskning har fokuserat på att förstå dess konsekvenser i kombination med sätt att detektera sårbarheten med hjälp av verktyg för kodanalys. Nuvarande verktyg har svårt att detektera alla sårbarheter med en hög noggrannhet, och många ger inte stöd för att detektera prototypförorening som standard. Detta skapar möjligheten för verktyg utan inbyggt stöd för sårbarheten att potentiellt vara bättre lämpade i olika miljöer och scenarier än nuvarande state-of-the-art. Denna rapport sammanfattar den befintliga kunskapen om detektion av prototypförorening och undersöker detekteringsförmågan hos Joern, ett verktyg för kodanalys som inte har inbyggt stöd för att detektera prototypförorening, genom att jämföra den med state-of-the-art-verktyget CodeQL. Jämförelsen görs genom att analysera verktygens förmåga att detektera prototypförorening i sårbara Node.js-paket. Båda verktygen använder queries för att analysera kod. En implementerad Joern-query jämförs med queries som ingår i CodeQL, samt med en CodeQL-query som hämtas från litteraturen. Resultaten visar att Joern kan identifiera prototypförorening men rapporterar även felaktigt fler platser som sårbara än den korrekt identifierar. CodeQL-queryn som hämtades från litteraturen hade samma problem, dock kunde den hitta fler sårbarheter än den implementerade Joern-queryn. Den implementerade Joern-queryn hittade istället ett större antal sårbarheter i datasetet än de queries som var inkluderade i CodeQL. Joerns anledningar för felklassificering av kodrader som (icke)sårbara identifierades som att vissa JavaScript-konstruktioner modelleras felaktigt, buggar i verktyget och svårigheter att skilja mellan datastrukturer. Sammanfattningsvis kan Joern användas för att detektera prototypförorening men kräver ytterligare utveckling och forskning för att förbättra dess detekteringsförmåga.

The internet has transformed the way people sell and buy goods and services. E-commerce is a fast-growing industry with low barriers to entry, making it easy to start an e-commerce business – but scaling it is a whole other matter. One common scaling method is international expansion. However, young e-commerce companies often lack strategy and process when expanding internationally. This ad hoc approach results in missed opportunities, waste of resources, and sub-optimal operations for the company. This thesis examines the process of internationalisation for e-commerce companies and what factors contribute to its success, with the aim to provide a model that can guide companies through the whole internationalisation process. Qualitative data has been collected from interviews with experts in the field and a case study of an e-commerce scale-up. Together with a literature review, this data is synthesised into an internationalisation model, built upon the three guiding principles of being customer-centric, iterative, and resource-efficient. The model consists of a series phases, from pre-launch to maturing, with an iterative component that entails a shift of strategy from replication to increased localisation of the business model. Operational results indicate to which degree localisation is necessary. Internationalisation is a complex process, and any detailed model explaining internationalisation quickly becomes complex as well. Therefore, in order to facilitate the practical application of the model for businesses, a conceptual prototype of how the international model could be translated into a digital format is developed and evaluated. As a result, e-commerce firms now have an interactive tool that empowers managers to make more accurate and effective business decisions when it comes to both international expansion strategy and also tactics, due to its action-oriented design. Considering that there is little research that provides explicit advice for young e-commerce firms pursuing internationalisation as a growth strategy, and even less when it comes to the development of a digital business tool, this thesis contributes to filling this research gap. / Internets uppkomst har förändrat hur människor säljer och köper varor och tjänster. E-handel är en snabbväxande bransch med låga inträdesbarriärer, vilket gör det enkelt att starta ett e-handelsföretag – men att skala den är en helt annan fråga. En vanlig tillvägagångssätt för att skala är internationell expansion. Dock saknar ofta unga e-handelsföretag en strategi och process när de expanderar internationellt. Denna ad hoc-strategi resulterar i förlorade möjligheter, resursslöseri och suboptimal verksamhet för företaget. Detta examensarbete undersöker internationaliseringsprocessen för e-handelsföretag och vilka faktorer som bidrar till dess framgång, med syftet att tillhandahålla ett ramverk som kan vägleda företag genom hela internationaliseringsprocessen. Kvalitativ data har samlats in från intervjuer med experter inom området och en fallstudie av ett tillväxtbolag inom ehandeln. Tillsammans med en litteraturstudie syntetiseras dessa data till ett internationaliseringsramverk, som baseras på tre vägledande principerna: att vara kundcentrerad, iterativ och resurseffektiv. Ramverket består av en serie faser, från förlansering till mognad, med en iterativ komponent som innebär ett skift av strategi från replikering till ökad lokalisering av affärsmodellen. Operationella resultat indikerar till vilken grad lokalisering är nödvändig. Internationalisering är en komplex process, och varje detaljerad ram som förklarar internationalisering blir också snabbt komplex. För att underlätta den praktiska tillämpningen av ramverket för företag utvecklas och utvärderas därför en konceptuell prototyp av hur det internationella ramverket skulle kunna översättas till ett digitalt format. Som ett resultat har e-handelsföretag nu ett interaktivt verktyg som ger chefer möjlighet att fatta mer precisa och effektiva affärsbeslut när det gäller både internationell expansionsstrategi och, på grund av prototypens handlingsorienterade utformning, även taktik. Med tanke på att det finns lite forskning som ger explicita råd till unga ehandelsföretag som strävar efter internationalisering som en tillväxtstrategi, och ännu mindre när det kommer till utvecklingen av ett digitalt affärsverktyg, bidrar denna avhandling till att fylla detta forskningsgap.

Agile is on the rise. The popular software development practice is making its way over to hardware development and companies are adopting it to reap the benefits. This phenomenon has been investigated to some degree and many companies are still trying to figure out if it is a useful way of working for them or not. At the Swedish MedTech company, Elekta, mechanical designers and engineers believe that hardware prototyping could be done better and faster than today. Elekta made an agile transformation to SAFe, which stands for Scaled Agile Framework, a few years ago and the hardware development struggle to match the speed of the development of software. Not much literature is aimed at agile hardware prototyping in particular. In the pursuit of adapting agile hardware development literature particularly to the prototyping process and investigating the actual process at the company, the case study presented in this report was formed. First, to explore the topic, a pre-study of orienting interviews was conducted and was complemented by a literature review. These then made up the basis for a qualitative interview study that consisted of semi-structured interviews with 12 employees at Elekta, as well as 5 employees at 5 other companies for benchmarking. The goals of this thesis project were to make recommendations to Elekta on how to adapt their prototyping process to better fit agile, as well as contribute to the relatively unexplored field of agile hardware prototyping. The case study resulted in a number of identified obstacles and enablers a company might have when implementing agile frameworks for hardware prototyping. Some of the obstacles identified were the difficulty of planning and dividing hardware in smaller tasks, not having in-house production and the difficulty to adapt to an agile mindset and focusing too much on the process of SAFe. Some of the enablers found were modularity, 3D-printing and having in-house capabilities for manufacturing prototypes. A prototyping workshop enables shorter feedback loops, which in turn enables a more agile process. The study also resulted in suggestions to Elekta, mainly concerning setting up a new prototyping workshop solution for the company, to adapt the prototyping process to better fit agile. / Agila arbetssätt blir alltmer populära. Metoderna som härstammar från mjukvaruutveckling spiller nu över till hårdvaruutveckling när företag försöker ta nästa steg mot mer moderna arbetssätt. Agil hårdvaruutveckling har studerats tidigare och många företag försöker fortfarande ta reda på om det är något för dem. På det svenska MedTech-bolaget Elekta tror konstruktörer och andra ingenjörer att hårdvaruprototypande kan gå att göra bättre och snabbare. Elekta införde SAFe, som står för Scaled Agile Framework, för några år sedan men har svårt att utveckla hårdvara lika snabbt som mjukvara. Det finns inte mycket litteratur som specifikt rör agilt hårdvaruprototypande. För att utforska ämnet genomfördes en fallstudie på Elekta. Studien inleddes med orienterande intervjuer som kompletterades av en litteraturstudie om agil hårdvaruutveckling. Dessa lade sedan grunden för den kvalitativa undersökningen som bestod av semistrukturerade intervjuer med 12 personer på Elekta samt 5 personer på andra företag som också hanterar hårdvaruprototypande. Målen med detta examensarbete var att ge Elekta rekommendationer om hur de ska anpassa sin prototypprocess för att bättre passa agila arbetssätt och att kunna bidra till det relativt outforskade ämnet, agilt hårdvaruprototypande. Fallstudien resulterade i identifiering av ett antal hinder och möjligheter som ett företag kan uppleva när de implementerar agila arbetssätt för hårdvaruprototypande. Några exempel på hinder var svårigheter med att planera och dela upp hårdvara i mindre uppgifter, att inte ha produktion in-house och svårigheten med att anamma ett agilt tankesätt istället för att fokusera för mycket på en metod eller struktur. Exempel på möjliggörare var modularitet, 3D-printning och möjligheter till prototyptillverkning in-house. En prototypverkstad tillåter kortare feedback-loopar vilket i sin tur möjliggör en mer agil process. Undersökningen resulterade också i förslag till Elekta, främst i att bygga en ny verkstadslösning för prototyptillverkning för att bättre kunna anpassa prototypandet till agilitet.

Smart devices capable of harvesting their own energy have advantages over their wired or battery-powered alternatives including improved portability, simplified installation, and reduced maintenance and operating costs. This thesis studies energy harvesting technology through a case study of a solar-powered motorized window shade. An analytical and experimental evaluation of window attenuation found that windows reduced the ability of solar cells to produce photocurrent by 30%-70%. This still allows significant potential to power small electronics so a prototype motorized window blind was designed and assembled. The solar array was mounted to the roller blind's bottom rail and power is conveyed to the control electronics and motor in the unit’s top cylinder through wires embedded in the shade’s fabric. A simple battery system was implemented to ensure the prototype could remain powered in the absence of light. Various forms of powerflow in the prototype were evaluated. Experimental evaluation of joule heating within the conductive textile indicates that a temperature gradient that is less than 10 °C develops, meaning it is safe for use. The prototype was designed with artificial friction to prevent the blinds from slipping when not in use. An experimentally validated motor model was developed and used to determine that the system could use up to 46% less energy if the artificial friction was removed. A pseudo-empirical system model was developed to simulate the interaction between system electronics. Simulation results indicate that the system would remain consistently powered if placed behind a south-facing window that receives a consistent supply of direct sunlight and attenuates that light by less than 75%. These results also indicate that the unit would remain powered in the absence of light for 13 days. Similar methods could be used to evaluate future energy harvesting systems. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

One of the major remaining question about Mars is its habitability - if the requirements necessary to allow for life are presently fulfilled. One of the most relevant ingredients for life, as we know it, is water. Indirect evidence of transient liquid water on Mars has been retrieved from both rover [Martín-Torres et al., 2015] and orbiter [Ojha et al., 2015]. [Martín-Torres et al., 2015] inferred the existence of an active water cycle, driven by chlorate and perchlorate salts, which are commonly found on the Martian surface, and absorb atmospheric water to form stable hydrated compounds and liquid solutions. This happens through a process called deliquescence (absorption of moisture from the atmosphere by the salts and dissolving into a liquid solution). One of the goals of HABIT is to confirm the hypothesis about the water cycle on Mars. HABIT will record the behavior of a selection of salts on Mars, and will also record Martian environmental conditions (UVdose, air and ground temperatures). The Field-Site Prototype for HABIT (FSP-HABIT) was the first prototype of HABIT deployed during field-site campaigns. Three campaigns took place during summer 2016: First, a short preparatory campaign in Abisko, Sweden, was carried out. The second campaign took place in Iceland, within the EU COST Action TD1308 ORIGINS (Origins and evolution of life on Earth and in the Universe), and the third campaign was conducted within the NASA Spaceward Bound India Program in Ladakh. After providing the corresponding background on the mission framework and the scientific background, this document covers the mechanical, electrical, and software design of the instrument. Afterwards, the steps taken to test the instrument and their results are covered, followed by a rating of the instrument and ideas for future improvements. Instruments like FSP-HABIT will enable the characterization of hygroscopic salts by their conductivity as liquid brines are good conductors, hydrated salts are poor conductors, and dehydrated salts are insulators. During the field-site campaigns, the measurements of FSP-HABIT were used to characterize the near surface environment by its temperature, pressure and relative humidity. Now, these measurements are available for comparison with microbiological studies of the water, ice and soils to characterize the habitability of the explored site. The lessons learned while designing and building FSP-HABIT can be used to inform the development of further prototypes for space missions such as HABIT. / Habitability, Brines, Irradition and Temperature (HABIT)

The energy produced by the flow of water is known as hydropower. It is an easily accessible and available source of energy in large quantity in the form of, rivers, lakes, streams and runoffs around the world. Hydropower is dependent upon hydrological cycle hence; this beneficial characteristic of hydropower makes it a renewable source of energy. Hydropower is free from poisonous emission; therefore, it is considered as a safer and pollution free source of energy. It is usually used to develop electricity from generators. These generators are connected to the hydro turbines by means of shaft. The electricity produced from hydropower is stable and steady because of its higher capacity, thus it can be a suitable source to work as base-load and used to balance the power fluctuations caused by varying loads. The hydropower can also be accommodated with different sources such as solar and wind system. This way of power sharing needs quick regulation as the deviation in the power grid changes rapidly. To fulfil this power demand with higher stability prompted to the development of modern turbines with more efficient, reliable and robust design.   To achieve the above target, it is of prime importance to improve efficiency of hydro turbine. Nevertheless, many methods are in practice for improvement for efficiency of the turbine; though one of the prime elements which influence the turbine efficiency is surface roughness. The effect of surface roughness differs for different turbine components like stay vanes, guide vanes, runner, draft tube and spiral casing.   The main purpose of this thesis is to examine the effect of surface roughness for hydro turbine step-up efficiency. It is based on reduced scale model to prototype conversion method. For this purpose, IEC_62097 has provided an excel sheet as an attachment for calculation. There has been always a need to perform model test, since performing test on the prototype itself is very accurate, and calculations too, do not yield reliable results. Therefore, the model to prototype conversion method is considered a better solution.   A sensitivity analysis is conducted on a Kaplan turbine situated at the Granfors power station located along the Skellefteå river about 30 km from the city of Skellefteå. The results obtained after applying the latest step-up expressions are described and presented. These outcomes have shown significant positive impact on the hydro turbine efficiency improvement, which are presented in graphs.   The most significant variations of step-up efficiency against surface roughness were observed in the runner part of the turbine. This specific characteristic makes it evident that more focus and test should be conducted on this part to improve efficiency.

Visiting a museum is a popular activity for many people. Be it to find out about certain museum objects or to feel entertained. An important contribution to a satisfying museum experience is the information about the objects. On the one hand, the provided information should be about them, but at the same time reflect the interests of the visitor. Since the information presented on information labels is often only rudimentary, visitors can follow human guides or use digital tools that display additional information. The problem, however, that exists despite a wide range of offers, is that the information is designed for the general public and cannot be customized by the visitor. In this way, information is presented that is either not of interest to the visitor or, in the worst case, that the visitor does not understand because prior knowledge is lacking. Even if existing research deals with the presentation of information and the preparation of digital applications, the customizing aspect is often missing. This master thesis shows to what extent information and functions embedded in an app can be customized. A prototype of an app was constructed that, based on an example museum, presents filter options too utput customized information about a museum object. The prototype was tested in a user study by six participants. The participants tested the prototype by processing test tasks and answered an evaluation questionnaire. Three of the six participants also completed a group interview. The goal was to find out to what extent the filters offered reflect the needs of the participants and which functions and aspects are important for customization. The results show that despite the current lack of focus on prior knowledge, filtering based on it is not very effective. In addition, suggestions were made as to how groups could benefit from the more individual use of the app. Future research can build on the achieved results by integrating the proposed functions and testing them in further studies to expand the customization step by step.