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ValidaÃÃo de jogo educativo tÃtil para deficientes visuais sobre drogas psicoativas / EDUCATIONAL GAME VALIDATION FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED TOUCH ON DRUG PSYCHOACTIVEMonaliza Ribeiro Mariano 01 September 2014 (has links)
FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / O jogo educativo adaptado aparece como modo diferente de aquisiÃÃo de informaÃÃes, no qual o processo de aprendizagem associa-se ao lÃdico. Sendo o consumo de droga um problema de saÃde pÃblica, ao qual todos sÃo vulnerÃveis, incluindo a pessoa com deficiÃncia visual, este estudo teve como objetivos validar uma Tecnologia Assistiva na modalidade de jogo tÃtil sobre drogas psicoativas para deficientes visuais; construir o Instrumento de AvaliaÃÃo do Conhecimento (prÃ-teste) e o Instrumento de AvaliaÃÃo da Capacidade LÃdica do Jogo; avaliar o Instrumento de AvaliaÃÃo do Conhecimento (prÃ-teste) e o Instrumento de AvaliaÃÃo da Capacidade LÃdica do Jogo; mensurar a porcentagem de aprendizado dos deficientes visuais apÃs a intervenÃÃo com o jogo tÃtil; comparar a porcentagem de informaÃÃes antes e apÃs o uso do jogo tÃtil; e avaliar a capacidade lÃdica do jogo tÃtil. Tratou-se de estudo quase-experimental do tipo antes e depois, desenvolvido na AssociaÃÃo de Cegos do Estado do Cearà e no LaboratÃrio de ComunicaÃÃo em SaÃde, no Departamento de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal do CearÃ. A amostra foi composta por 60 sujeitos alfabetizados em braille. A coleta de dados ocorreu em duas etapas: primeiramente, trÃs instrumentos de avaliaÃÃo foram construÃdos e avaliados por especialistas. Dois instrumentos eram referentes ao conhecimento do assunto e continham questÃes de diferentes nÃveis de complexidade; e outro instrumento era para avaliaÃÃo do jogo. Na segunda etapa, aplicou-se o jogo e utilizaram-se os instrumentos para mensurar a aprendizagem. Houve aplicaÃÃo do instrumento de conhecimento (prÃ-teste); em seguida, o uso do jogo com seus componentes (tabuleiros, instruÃÃes do jogo, peÃas e cartas); e, posteriormente, aplicaÃÃo do instrumento de conhecimento (pÃs-teste) e de avaliaÃÃo do jogo. Os dados foram organizados em tabelas e analisados com teste McNemar e pelo cÃlculo de mÃdias. Foram construÃdos, entÃo, instrumentos de avaliaÃÃo do conhecimento, compostos por seis questÃes cada, enquanto o Instrumento de AvaliaÃÃo da Capacidade LÃdica do Jogo foi composto por trÃs categorias, nove subcategorias e 23 questÃes relacionadas à facilidade de manuseio, acessibilidade, capacidade lÃdica, dinÃmica de jogar, entre outras. A mÃdia de idade dos participantes foi 31,5Â12,5 anos, e os anos de estudo 10,8Â2,2. Sobre a aquisiÃÃo de informaÃÃes apÃs o uso do jogo, verificou-se que as trÃs primeiras questÃes de baixa complexidade tiveram diferenÃa significativa (p<0,05), com incremento de acertos de questÃes do prà para o pÃs-teste (53,3, 28,3 e 16,6%). Nas questÃes de mÃdia e alta complexidade, nÃo foram encontradas diferenÃas significativas. Ao associar faixa etÃria e Ãndice de acertos, somente as duas primeiras questÃes de baixa complexidade apresentaram relaÃÃo. As faixas etÃrias de 20 a 29 anos e 40 a 49 anos obtiveram relevÃncia de acertos entre o prà e pÃs-teste (p=0,001). A associaÃÃo Ãndice de acertos/anos de estudo mostrou aumento significativo (p=0,000) de acertos na faixa de 10 a 12 anos de estudo. Na avaliaÃÃo da capacidade lÃdica do jogo, a mÃdia variou entre 9,1 a 9,9. Os itens com melhores mÃdias foram: interaÃÃo dos jogadores (9,9), conceitos e informaÃÃes relevantes (9,8), indicaÃÃo do jogo para outra pessoa (9,8), e utilizaria o jogo novamente (9,8). Todos os itens de todas as categorias do instrumento mostraram mÃdias excelentes, entre 9,4 e 9,7, possuindo a maior mÃdia a subcategoria coerÃncia teÃrico-metodolÃgica (9,7) e a menor a subcategoria conceitos e informaÃÃes (9,4). Este jogo educativo foi considerado Tecnologia Assistiva vÃlida para a aquisiÃÃo de informaÃÃes sobre drogas para deficientes visuais e para promoÃÃo da saÃde. Como estratÃgia de ensino-aprendizagem, pode ser utilizado por profissionais da saÃde e da educaÃÃo. / The adaptive educational game seems a different way of acquiring information, in which the learning process is associated with ludic activities. Drug consumption is a public health issue in which those involved are vulnerable, including the person with visual impairment. Therefore, the aims of this study were: to validate Assisted Technology in the tactile game modality about psychoactive drugs for vision-impaired subjects; to develop the Knowledge Assessment (pre-test) and Game Ludic Capacity Assessment Instruments; to evaluate the Knowledge Assessment (pre-test) and Game Ludic Capacity Assessment Instruments; to measure the learning percentage of visual-impaired subjects after intervention with tactile game; to compare the percentage of information before and after using the tactile game; and to evaluate the ludic capacity of tactile game. This was a pre and post-performed quasi-experimental study, developed in the AssociaÃÃo de Cegos do Estado do Cearà [Cearà State Association of Blind Subjects] and in the Health Communication Laboratory, in the Nursing Department of Universidade Federal do Cearà [Cearà Federal University]. The sample included 60 subjects that were Braille-literate. Data collection happened in two stages: firstly, specialists developed and evaluated three assessment instruments. Two instruments regarded the knowledge about the subject and had questions of different difficulty levels; and another was to evaluate the game. In the second stage, the game was applied and instruments to measure learning were used. The knowledge instrument (pre-test) was applied; then, the game was used with its components (boards, game instructions, pieces, and cards); and knowledge instrument (post-test) and game evaluation were applied. Data were organized in tables and analyzed with McNemarâs test, with mean calculation. Knowledge assessment instruments were developed, each one had six questions, while the Ludic Capacity Assessment Instrument of the game included three categories, nine sub-categories, and 23 questions related to easy handling, accessibility, ludic capacity, game dynamics, among others. The mean of participantsâ age was 31.5Â12.5 years old and study years of 10.8Â2.2. With regard to information acquisition after using the game, it was seen that the three first questions of low difficulty had a significant difference (p<0.05) with increase of right questions of pre- to post-tests (53.3, 28.3 and 16.6%). In the questions of median and high difficulties, no significant differences were found. If age range and index of right answers are associated, only the two first questions of low difficulty had a relation. The age ranges of 20 to 29 years old and 40 to 49 years old obtained relevance of right answers between pre- and post-tests (p=0.001). The right answers index/years of study association showed a significant increase (p=0.000) of right answers in the age range of 10 to 12 years of study. In the game ludic capacity assessment, the mean varied from 9.1 to 9.9. Items with the best means were: interaction of players (9.9), relevant concepts and information (9.8), indication of the game for another person (9.8), and he/she would use the game again (9.8). All items of all instrument categories had excellent means between 9.4 and 9.7, with the theoretical-methodological coherence sub-category (9.7) presenting the highest mean, and the lowest, concepts and information (9.4). This educational game was considered a valid Assisted Technology for information acquisition about drugs for visual-impaired subjects and health promotion. Health and education professionals can use such instrument as a teaching-learning strategy.
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Uso de psicotrópicos em policiais militares / Psychotropic drug use in military policeCouto, Fernanda Rocha 19 December 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-12-19 / INTRODUCTION: Being a military police is stressful. The responsibility for providing security to society brings a health hazard, threats to his / her health and safety. The fear of not coming back home alive or even hurt can lead to anxiety and stress. The search for immediate relief increases the use of psychotropic drugs by the military police. Studies published until now that approached this theme showed methodological limitations. AIMS: To evaluate the use of psychotropic drugs of list B1 (Clonazepam, Bromazepam and Alprazolam) by military police of Goiás State, to identify the group age and gender that used it most, to quantify the time of military police service that they used the psychotropic and to evaluate the proportion of this use according to the military personnel (soldiers and officers). METHODS: A review article was written based on data published between 1990 and 2013 in PubMed and SciElo. Thereafter, and observational, descriptive and retrospective study was done. One hundred military police from Hospital of Military Police in Goiânia city were evaluated by collecting the data presented in medical prescriptions and corporate pharmacy database using a form specially designed for this. INCLUSION CRITERIA: All the controlled B1 prescriptions in 2011. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Illegible prescriptions, other controlled prescriptions like C1 and patients that are dependent of military police. RESULTS: The frequency of use was divided according to: 1) Genre: men (68%), women (32%); 2) Age: 18 to 35 years old (4%); 36 to 50 years old (52%); 51 to 70 years old (12%); >71 years old (3%); uninformed (29%); 3) Psychotropics: Alprazolam (14%), Bromazepam (13%), Clobazam (1%), Clonazepam (53%), Cloxazolam (7%), Diazepam (1%), Flurazepam (1%), Midazolam (2%), Nitrazepam (7%);4) Trimester: Jan/Mar (22%), Apr/June (39%), July/Sept (31%), Oct/Dec (7%); 5) Service time:<5 years old (2%), 6 to 10 years old (5%), 11 to 20 years old (12%), 21 to 30 years old (48%); 6) Military rank: soldier (63%), officers (11%), pensionary (2%), uninformed (24%). CONCLUSION: The profile of the military police user of psychotropic drugs was female sex with an average age of 47. The most common psychotropic drug was Clonazepam. The service time when they most use the drugs was the one comprehended between 21 and 30 years of activity in the military force. From the Military Police personnel, there was no difference in relation to military officers. / INTRODUÇÃO: A profissão de policial por si só é uma profissão muito estressante. A responsabilidade de proporcionar à sociedade segurança traz uma perigosidade. O homem/mulher dentro da farda colocam a vida em risco. O medo de não voltar para casa com vida ou mesmo ferido acaba proporcionando alto nível de estresse e ansiedade. A busca por alívio imediato aumenta o uso de medicamentos psicotrópicos por policiais e outras profissões com alto nível de estresse. Os estudos que investigaram o tema apresentam limitação metodológica. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o uso de medicamentos psicotrópicos controlados da Lista B1(Clonazepam, Bromazepam e Alprazolam) em policiais militares do estado de Goiás, identificar a faixa etária e o gênero que mais utilizou os psicotrópicos, identificar o psicotrópico B1 mais utilizado pelo policial militar do estado de Goiás, quantificar o tempo de serviço do policial militar que fez uso com maior assiduidade dos medicamentos psicotrópicos e avaliar a proporção do uso de psicotrópicos segundo o quadro de composição militar (praças e oficiais). CRITÉRIOS DE INCLUSÃO: Todos os receituários controlados B1 de 2011. CRITÉRIOS DE EXCLUSÃO: receituários ilegíveis, receituários de controle especial C1 e pacientes dependentes do policial militar. MÉTODOS: Foi redigido um artigo de revisão da literatura, construído a partir de pesquisas nas bases de dados PubMed/Medline e SciElO entre 1990 e 2013. Em seguida foi elaborado este estudo observacional, descritivo e retrospectivo. Foi desenvolvido com a coleta de dados de 100 receituários escolhidos aletoriamente de policiais atendidos na Farmácia Fundação Tiradentes no Hospital do Policial Militar no município de Goiânia. Foi utilizado formulário elaborado pelo pesquisador e orientador. Os dados foram coletados de receituários controlados B1 arquivados na Farmácia e sistema da corporação, após autorização do estabelecimento. RESULTADOS: A frequência de uso foi dividida em: 1) Gênero: homens - (68%), mulheres (32%); 2) Idade: de 18 a 35 anos (4%); 36 a 50 anos (52%), 51 a 70 anos (12%), > 71 anos (3%), não informado (29%); 3) Psicotrópicos: Alprazolam (14%), Bromazepam (13%), Clobazam (1%), Clonazepam (53%), Cloxazolam (7%), Diazepam (1%), Flurazepam (1%), Midazolam (2%), Nitrazepam (7%). 4) Trimestre: jan/mar (22%), abr/jun (39%), jul/set (31%), out/dez (7%), 5) Tempo de serviço: < 5 anos (2%), 6 a 10 anos (5%), 11 a 20 anos (12%), 21 a 30 anos (48%); 6) Patente: praça (63%), oficial (11%), pensionista (2%), não informado (24%). CONCLUSÃO: A idade média foi de 47,03 e o gênero proporcionalmente que mais usou o psicotrópico foi o sexo feminino, sendo o Clonazepam o mais utilizado. Observou-se ainda que o tempo de serviço militar, entre 21 e 30 anos, contribuiu para o uso. Não houve diferença em relação a patente de Praça e Official.
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Medicamentos psicoativos na rede pública de saúde de RibeirãoPreto-SP: perfil de utilização e fatores associados / Psychoactive drugs in the public health system of Ribeirão Preto-SP: use patterns and associated factorsManuela Roque Siani Morello 29 September 2014 (has links)
O crescente consumo de medicamentos psicoativos (MPA) pela população brasileira e mundial no século XXI, atrelado ao fato de que algumas dessas substâncias podem gerar dependência física e/ou psíquica nos sujeitos que os utilizam, apontam para a necessidade de desenvolver estudos epidemiológicos que forneçam subsídios para o planejamento de intervenções em saúde que garantam o uso racional desses medicamentos. Este estudo transversal visa estimar a prevalência e caracterizar o perfil de utilização de MPA entre usuários de medicamentos atendidos por todas as farmácias das unidades de saúde do município de Ribeirão Preto-SP, relacionando esses achados com fatores associados ao consumo dessas substâncias. Uma amostra de 1355 usuários de medicamentos (psicoativos ou não) foi entrevistada nas filas das referidas farmácias de setembro a dezembro de 2012. Os pesquisadores coletaram dados sociodemográficos e relacionados à saúde dos indivíduos, além de registrarem todos os medicamentos contidos nas prescrições. Em seguida, três instrumentos foram aplicados para avaliar as variáveis clínicas (i) conhecimento dos indivíduos sobre a farmacoterapia, (ii) adesão à farmacoterapia e (iii) qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QdV). A prevalência de uso de MPA foi 31,0% (n=420), sendo que os mais prescritos foram antidepressivos (53,5%) e benzodiazepínicos (24,6%). A maioria dos usuários de MPA era do gênero feminino (81,9%), vivia com companheiro (52,6%), não trabalhava (70,7%), possuía plano de saúde privado (69,2%) e renda per capita de até um salário mínimo (54,0%), não realizava acompanhamento com psicólogo (93,3%), não praticava atividade física regular (78,3%), consumia café diariamente (81,0%), não consumia álcool (86,7%), não fumava (81,4%) e não encontrava-se em polifarmácia (62,4%). A idade média foi 54,5 (DP 13,9) e a escolaridade média correspondeu ao Ensino Fundamental incompleto. Pouco mais da metade dos usuários de MPA exibiram conhecimento satisfatório sobre a farmacoterapia e foram considerados aderentes (57,8% e 53,0%, respectivamente) e a maioria não apresentou QdV satisfatória (73,1%). Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa (p<0,05) entre usuários de MPA e não usuários para as variáveis gênero, faixa etária, situação conjugal, moradia, situação profissional, cuidador, acompanhamento com psicólogo, atividade física regular, consumo de álcool, tabagismo, polifarmácia, conhecimento médio sobre a farmacoterapia, adesão média à farmacoterapia, QdV satisfatória, índice médio EQ- 5D e QdV autorreferida média. Os valores de odds ratio (OR) ajustados mostraram que os fatores associados positivamente com o uso de MPA foram gênero feminino (OR = 2,02; IC 95% 1,31; 3,11) e maior idade (ORref./idosos = 0,36; IC 95% 0,13; 0,99). Dentre os usuários de benzodiazepínicos, 51,1% relatou estar em uso desses MPA há dois anos ou mais, dos quais 55,1% eram idosos. Aproximadamente um em cada três indivíduos utilizava pelo menos um MPA no período estudado, sendo que idosos e mulheres apresentaram maiores chances de uso. Os MPA mais prevalentes foram os antidepressivos e os benzodiazepínicos, sendo a maioria dos usuários destes últimos estava em tratamento com esses MPA há mais de dois anos, dos quais mais da metade eram idosos / The increasing consumption of psychoactive drugs (PAD) in Brazil and worldwide, linked to the fact that some of these substances can cause physical and/or psychic dependence in their users, indicate the need to develop epidemiological studies providing support for planning of health interventions so as to ensure the rational use of these medicines. This cross-sectional study aims to estimate the prevalence and characterize the usage profile of PAD among drug users served by all health facilities\' pharmacies in Ribeirão Preto-SP, relating these findings with factors associated with the consumption of these substances. From september to december 2012, a sample of 1355 drug users (psychoactive or not) was interviewed while waiting in the pharmacies to get their medication. The researchers collected sociodemographic and health related data of individuals, in addition to registering all drugs contained in prescriptions. Then, three instruments were applied to assess the clinical variables (i) knowledge of pharmacotherapy, (ii) adherence to the pharmacotherapy and (iii) health related quality of life (QoL). The prevalence of PAD usage was 31,0% (n = 420), and the most prescribed were antidepressants (53,5%) and benzodiazepines (24,6%). Most PAD users were female (81,9%), lived with a partner (52,6%), did not have a job (70,7%), had a private health insurance (69,2%) and income per capita up to the minimum wage (54,0%), did not undergo follow-up with a psychologist (93,3%), did not practice regular physical activity (78,3%), consumed coffee daily (81,0%), did not consume alcohol (86,7%), did not smoke (81,4%) and were not found in polypharmacy (62,4%). The mean age was 54,5 (SD 13,9) and the average schooling corresponded to incomplete primary education. Over half of the users of MPA exhibited satisfactory knowledge about pharmacotherapy and were considered adherent (57,8% and 53,0%, respectively), and most showed no satisfactory QoL (73,1%). There was a statistically significant difference (p <0.05) between PAD users and nonusers for the variables gender, age, marital status, housing, employment status, caregiver, follow up with psychologist, regular physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking, polypharmacy, average knowledge about pharmacotherapy, mean adherence to pharmacotherapy, satisfactory QoL, mean EQ-5D index and average self-reported QoL. The adjusted odds ratios (OR) showed that the factors positively associated with the PAD use were female gender (OR = 2,02; 95% CI 1,31; 3,11) and age (ORref./elderly = 0,36, 95% CI 0,13; 0,99). Considering benzodiazepines users, 51,1% reported being in use these PAD for at least two years, 55,1% of whom were elderly. Approximately one in three individuals used at least one PAD in the period studied, while the elderly and women were more likely to use. The most prevalent PAD were antidepressants and benzodiazepines, with most users of the latter receiving these MPA for over two years, of which more than half were elderly.
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Convivendo com uma ajuda que atrapalha: o significado da terapêutica medicamentosa para a pessoa com esquizofrenia / Living with help that bothers: the meaning of medication therapy for schizophrenia patientsKelly Graziani Giacchero Vedana 16 December 2011 (has links)
A esquizofrenia é um transtorno mental que provoca a desorganização de diversos processos mentais. Trata-se de uma condição crônica com expressivo impacto em termos de sobrecarga pessoal e social. O tratamento medicamentoso contínuo é necessário para evitar recaídas e manter o paciente no melhor nível de funcionamento possível. Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender o significado da terapêutica medicamentosa para a pessoa com esquizofrenia, em sua perspectiva e na de seu familiar, e formular um modelo teórico sobre o fenômeno estudado. Para tanto, foi adotado como referencial teórico o Interacionismo Simbólico e, como referencial metodológico, a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em um Serviço Ambulatorial de Clínica Psiquiátrica de um hospital universitário, um Núcleo de Saúde Mental e um CAPS II, localizados no interior do estado de São Paulo - Brasil. Pelo processo de amostragem teórica, foram selecionados para o estudo 36 pessoas com esquizofrenia e 36 familiares. A entrevista e a observação foram as principais estratégias utilizadas para a obtenção dos dados que foram coletados no período de 2008 a 2010. Os dados coletados foram transcritos e, posteriormente, analisados em três etapas: codificação aberta, axial e seletiva. Verificou-se que, ao ser acometido pela esquizofrenia, o paciente percebe-se \"vivendo dias difíceis\" e identifica no medicamento uma possibilidade de melhora. \"Pesando o custo-benefício do medicamento\" e \"identificando obstáculos e incentivos para o tratamento\" o paciente implementa estratégias \"agindo em busca de alívio\" para o sofrimento causado pela esquizofrenia ou pelo tratamento medicamentoso. Entretanto, esse indivíduo se julga \"permanecendo em um labirinto\", pois não encontra uma saída para livrar-se do transtorno e da necessidade da farmacoterapia. A experiência descrita se centraliza no fenômeno \"CONVIVENDO COM UMA AJUDA QUE ATRAPALHA\" que representa o significado da terapêutica medicamentosa para a pessoa com esquizofrenia. A teoria aqui apresentada fornece uma compreensão abrangente, contextualizada, motivacional e empática da realidade vivenciada pelo paciente. Desse modo, o presente estudo oferece subsídios para o planejamento da assistência a essa clientela e aponta elementos a serem investigados. / Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that provokes the disorganization of several mental processes. It is a chronic condition with considerable impact in terms of personal and social burden. Continuous medication treatment is needed to avoid relapses and maintain the patient at the best possible functioning level. This study aimed to understand the meaning of medication therapy for schizophrenia patients, from their own perspective and that of their relative, and to formulate a theoretical model for the study phenomenon. Therefore, Symbolic Interactionism was adopted as the theoretical framework, and Grounded Theory as the methodological framework. The research was developed at a Psychiatric Clinical Outpatient Service of a teaching hospital, a Mental Health Center and a CAPS II located in the interior of São Paulo State - Brazil. Through a theoretical sampling process, 36 schizophrenia patients and 36 relatives were selected for the study. Interview and observation were the main strategies used for data collection, between 2008 and 2010. The collected data were transcribed and later analyzed in three phases: open, axial and selective coding. It was verified that, when the schizophrenia affects them, the patients perceive that they are \"going through difficult times\" and identify the medication as a possibility for improvement. \"Weighing the cost-benefit of the medication\" and \"identifying treatment obstacles and incentives\", the patients put in practice strategies \"acting in search of relief\" for the suffering the schizophrenia or medication treatment causes. These patients, however, consider that they \"continue in a labyrinth\", as they do not find a way out to get rid of the disorder and the need for the drug therapy. The described experience centers on the phenomenon \"LIVING WITH HELP THAT BOTHERS\", which represents the meaning of the medication therapy for schizophrenia patients. The theory presented here provides a broad, contextualized, motivational and empathetic understanding of the reality these patients experience. Thus, this study offers support to plan care for these clients and appoints elements for further research.
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Uso de psicofármacos : uma abordagem de gênero : dados da pesquisa nacional sobre o acesso, utilização e promoção do uso racional de medicamentos – PNAUM 2014Fontanella, Andréia Turmina January 2017 (has links)
Apesar de amplamente prescritos, os psicofármacos são ainda controversos quanto a sua utilização. O uso em larga escala remete a outras dimensões do problema, que extrapolam à psiquiatria e permeiam as áreas da psicologia e das ciências sociais. Entender o uso destes medicamentos é entender as características da população que os utiliza. Assim, esta dissertação objetivou descrever a prevalência autorreferida de uso de psicofármacos pela população urbana brasileira, focando nas diferenças entre homens e mulheres. Para isso, foi avaliada a prevalência global, e estratificada por sexo, do uso de medicamentos psicotrópicos valendo-se dos dados da Pesquisa Nacional Sobre o Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos (Pnaum). Os psicofármacos foram agrupados em 4 classes terapêuticas: antidepressivos; ansiolíticos; antipsicóticos e estabilizadores do humor. Foram calculadas as prevalências e razões de prevalência e seus intervalos de confiança de 95% [IC95%] e foram aplicados testes do qui-quadrado de Pearson para avaliação da significância estatística das diferenças entre os grupos, considerando o nível de significância de 5%. Entre os entrevistados, 8,0% declararam utilizar ao menos um psicofármaco. Esta prevalência sobe para 10,9% quando considerado apenas o sexo feminino, que chega a apresentar prevalência de uso 2 vezes maior do que os homens na faixa etária dos 35 aos 46 anos de idade. As prevalências de uso de psicofármacos para homens, mulheres e amostra sem distinção de sexo aumentam com o aumento da idade, número de doenças crônicas e número de medicamentos utilizados para o tratamento destas doenças. Os antidepressivos e ansiolíticos figuram como as classes terapêuticas mais utilizadas, sendo estas mesmas classes mais prevalentes entre as mulheres, em todas as faixas etárias, enquanto os antipsicóticos e 8 estabilizadores do humor foram mais prevalentes entre os indivíduos do sexo masculino. Os resultados indicam um maior uso destes medicamentos por parte das mulheres, e um padrão diferenciado entre elas e os homens no que se refere às classes terapêuticas. Buscando compreender estas diferenças, esta dissertação percorre aspectos relacionados às especificidades biológicas dos sexos e aos papéis sociais exercidos por homens e mulheres, incluindo suas implicações no modelo de saúde. / Although widely prescribed, psychotropic drugs are still controversial as to their use. Large-scale use refers to other dimensions of the problem, which go beyond psychiatry and permeate areas of psychology and social sciences. Understanding the use of these drugs is, therefore, understanding the characteristics of the population that uses them. Thus, this dissertation aimed to describe the selfrefered prevalence of psychotropic medication use by the Brazilian urban population, focusing on the differences between men and women. For this, the overall prevalence and stratified by sex prevalence of the psychotropic drugs use were evaluated using data from the National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines (Pnaum). The psychotropic drugs were grouped into four therapeutic classes: antidepressants; anxiolytics; antipsychotics and mood stabilizers. Prevalence, prevalence estimates and their 95% confidence intervals [95% CI] were calculated and Pearson's qui-square tests were used to assess the statistical significance of the differences between the groups, considering a significance level of 5%. Among those interviewed, 8.0% reported using at least one psychotropic drug. This prevalence rises to 10.9% when considered only female, which has a prevalence of use 2 times higher than men in the age group of 35 to 46 years of age. The prevalences of psychoactive drugs use for men, women and non-gender sample increases with increasing age, number of chronic diseases and number of drugs used to treat diseases. Antidepressants and anxiolytics appear as the most commonly used therapeutic classes, the same classes being more prevalent among women in all age groups, while antipsychotics and mood stabilizers were more prevalent among males. The results indicate a greater use of these drugs by women, and a differentiated 10 pattern between them and the men regarding the therapeutic classes. Seeking to understand these differences, this dissertation covers aspects related to the biological specificities of the sexes and to the social roles played by men and women, including its implications in the health model.
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Stárnutí populace a specifické aspekty lékové preskripce hypnotik ve stáří (II.) / Ageing of the population and specific aspects of prescribing of hypnotics in older adults (II.)Puldová, Karolína January 2020 (has links)
Title: Ageing of the population and specific aspects of prescribing of hypnotics in older adults (II.) Student: Karolína Puldová, Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Czech Republic Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Daniela Fialová, PharmD, Ph.D., Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové and Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic Introduction: World population is ageing and rational geriatric pharmacotherapy receives increasing attention. In seniors, rational pharmacotherapy is complicated by many risk factors, especially by physiological and pathological changes accompanying ageing, polymorbidity, polypharmacy, higher risk of adverse drug events, drug interactions and other risk factors. Particularly psychotropics belong to drug classes where rational prescribing in seniors often requires respecting of different rules. This diploma thesis focuses on specific aspects of irrational prescribing of hypnosedatives in ambulatory geriatric patients, particularly in the area of use of nongeriatric doses and nongeriatric lenght of therapy. Methodology: Data collection for this diploma thesis has been conducted between 2019-2020 years in the...
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Återhämtning efter psykos : En litteraturstudieLindqvist, Emma, Pixell, Maria January 2018 (has links)
Bakgrund: Varje år insjuknar 1500–2000 personer i psykos i Sverige, och cirka 30000–40 000 personer i Sverige har diagnosen schizofreni. Läkemedel är grunden i behandlingen av schizofreni, detta i kombination med olika psykosociala behandlingar samt åtgärder. Återhämtning beskrivs som en djupt personlig, unik förändringsprocess. Sjuksköterskor i Sverige arbetar enligt HSL, Hälso- och sjukvårdslagen och hälsa är ett av omvårdnadens centrala begrepp som sjuksköterskan skall jobba utifrån. Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva erfarenheter av återhämtning från psykos hos personer med schizofreni samt beskriva urvalsgrupperna i artiklarna.Metod: En deskriptiv litteraturstudie innefattande 11 vetenskapliga artiklar sökta i PubMed och PsychINFO. Huvudresultat: I föreliggande studie var syftet att beskriva erfarenheter från psykos hos personer med schizofreni. Det som framkom i resultatet visade att ett stort stöd från omgivning samt medicinering var nödvändigt för en god återhämtning. Att umgås med familj och vänner gav en känsla av acceptans samt minskade symtomen. Psykofarmaka visar sig dock påverka sömn samt livskvalitet på ett negativt sätt vilket hämmade följsamheten. Många beskrev att de förlorat sin självbild efter psykosen vilket gav en sämre självkänsla, det hämmade återhämtning samt återgång till arbete. När de hittat acceptans i sin sjukdom samt inte såg sig själva som en diagnos och lärde sig nå sina mål främjade det återhämtningsprocessen och personerna kunde se en ljus framtid.Slutsatser: Personer med schizofreni upplever idag svårigheter att komma tillbaka till det vanliga livet efter en psykos. Personerna berättar att de förlorat sin identitet, vänner, familj och arbete och till följd av detta förlorat hopp och framtids utsikter. Denna stigmatisering beror mycket på okunskap i samhälle och därför är det viktigt att soms juksköterska ha kunskap inom detta ämne för att kunna ge en god omvårdnad. / Background: Every year 1500-2000 people gets a psychosis in Sweden, and about 30000-40000 people in Sweden is diagnosed with schizophrenia. Medicines are the basis for the treatment of schizophrenia, this in combination with various psychosocial treatments as well as measures. Recovery is described as a deep personal, uniquechange process. Nurses in Sweden work according to the law “HSL”, the Swedish Health and Medical Service Act. Health is one of the nursing concepts that the nurse should work from outside.Aim: The aim of this study is to describe people diagnosed with schizophrenia experiences of recovery after psychosis, as well as describing the selection groups in thearticles. Methods: A descriptive literature study of 11 studies with a qualitative approach. Main results: In the present study, the purpose was to describe psychosocial experiencei n schizophrenia patients. What was found in the results showed that a strong support from the environment and medication was necessary for a good recovery. To spend time with family and friends gave a sense of acceptance and reduced the symptoms. Psychiatric drugs prove to affect sleep and quality of life in a negative way, which impeded compliance. Many described that they lost their self-esteem after psychosis, resulting in a worse self-esteem, inhibited recovery and return to work. When theyfound acceptance in their illness and did not see themselves as a diagnosis and learned to reach their goals, it promoted the recovery process and they could see a brighter future.Conclusion: People with schizophrenia experience difficulties in returning to normal life after a psychosis. The people tell that they lost their identity, friends, family and work and as a consequence they lost hope and prospects. This stigmatization depends largely on ignorance in society and therefore it is important as a nurse to have knowledge of this subject in order to provide good care.
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Contributors to female use of psychopharmacological agents : a multifactorial cognitive and social analysisLapp, Janet E. January 1980 (has links)
No description available.
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Optimizing drug therapy among people with dementia : the role of clinical pharmacistsGustafsson, Maria January 2016 (has links)
Background: Drugs are one of the cornerstones in the management of many diseases. In general, drugs are used for diagnosis, prevention, mitigation of symptoms, and, sometimes, to cure disease. However, drug treatment in elderly people, especially those with dementia and cognitive impairments, may involve significant risk of adverse drug events. The aim of this thesis was to identify the extent of potentially inappropriate drug treatment among people with dementia and cognitive impairment and to assess the occurrence and character of drug-related problems that lead to acute hospital admissions. Another aim was to assess the potential impact of a comprehensive medication review conducted by clinical pharmacists as part of a health care team on quality of patients’ drug therapy and drug-related hospital readmission rates. Method: Long-term use of antipsychotic/psychotropic drugs and associated factors were investigated among 344 and 278 people respectively with dementia living in specialized care units. Trends in the prescribing of potentially inappropriate drugs between 2007 and 2013, comprising 2772 and 1902 people, living in nursing homes in the county of Västerbotten, were assessed using six national quality indicators. Data on drug use, function in the activities of daily living, cognitive function and behavioral and psychological symptoms were collected using the Multi-Dimensional Dementia Assessment Scale. Further, an investigation of a separate corresponding population from 2012 was done, where potentially inappropriate drug use was measured before and after a total of 895 medication reviews. Finally, a randomized, controlled trial was carried out among people 65 years or older with dementia or cognitive impairment in internal medicine and orthopedic wards at two hospitals in northern Sweden. The proportion of hospital admissions that were drug-related were estimated, and also whether comprehensive medication reviews conducted by clinical pharmacists as part of a health care team could affect the risk of drug-related hospital readmissions. Results: Antipsychotic and other psychotropic drugs were frequently prescribed to people with dementia living in specialized care units for prolonged periods. Associations were found between behavioral and psychological symptoms and different psychotropic drugs. The extent of potentially inappropriate drug use declined between 2007 and 2013. In the separate corresponding population from 2012, the frequency of potentially inappropriate drug use was significantly reduced among people who underwent medication reviews. Hospitalizations due to drug-related problems among old people with dementia or cognitive impairment were prevalent. We found that inclusion of a clinical pharmacist in the health care team significantly reduced the risk of drug-related 30-day and 180-day readmissions. However, in a subset of patients with concomitant heart failure no effect was seen. Conclusion: Among patients with dementia or cognitive impairment long-term treatment with antipsychotic and other psychotropic drugs is common. The results indicate that these drugs are prescribed to treat behavioral and psychological symptoms among cognitively impaired individuals, despite limited evidence of their efficacy and the high risk of adverse effects. Drug-related problems, such as adverse drug reactions, constituted a major cause of hospital admissions. By reducing potentially inappropriate drug use and optimizing overall drug therapy, inclusion of clinical pharmacists in a health care team might improve the quality of patient care and reduce the risk of hospital readmissions among people with dementia.
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The role of membrane transporters in the pharmacokinetics of psychotropic drugs: in vitro studies with special focus on organic cation transportersSantos Pereira, João Nuno dos 30 January 2015 (has links)
No description available.
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