MAdmin / Department of Public and Development Administration / This study focused on critical analysis of job creation strategies in the Makhado Local Municipality (MLM). Even though there are policies and strategies adopted by Local Economic Development (LED) in order to speed up the process of job creation, there are still many unemployed people with no potential job prospects in the area. There are quite a number of factors working against job creation which range from geographic and demographic dispositions, availability of industries within the area, and limited infrastructure that can help to fast track job creation. The researcher used descriptive research design for this study. The researcher followed a mixed methods approach in which quantitative and qualitative research approaches were used. The reason for using a mixed methods approach was to integrate both qualitative and quantitative research methods to enable them to complement each other, thereby adding value to the findings. The researcher used non-probability sampling and its sub-type purposive sampling to select the respondents for this study. Purposive sampling method provides a wide range of non-probability sampling techniques for the researcher to draw on. Data collection instruments which were used were interview questions and questionnaires. Statistical analysis and thematic analysis were used to analyse the data. The researcher followed the research ethics before conducting study. The following were the major findings of the study: • The study findings revealed that municipality fails to inform members of the public with regard to job creation strategies in any process of development. • The research study findings revealed that the municipalities should create positions instead of internships without getting employment after completion. • The study findings revealed that public participation encourages community members to be actively involved in the municipality projects and helps to create good relationship between communities and the municipality to improve basic service delivery. The following are the recommendations of the study: • The research study revealed that good working relationship between municipal officials and community members should be encouraged as it is vital in enhancing the provision of service in the communities. • The study recommended that the municipalities should create positions which are permanent. • The researcher recommends that openness between community structures and the municipality should be encouraged in order to bring development in the municipality. / NRF

The objective of this diploma thesis is study of cooperation between Probation service Liberec, which represents public sector, and the NGOs as representatives of civil sector. These organisations provide means for people who are sentenced to punishment of community service. The aim of this study is identification of a model of cooperation, show the development of this model since its beginning in 2002, and finally, to introduce the external environment that influences this model. The theoretical basis crucial for this thesis is a Bryson, Crosby and Stones's concept of Governing Public-Nonprofit Collaborations. They focus on governing structure, governing processes, rules and external environment, which makes the structure of my study. The design of the research used in this diploma thesis is a case study. Data were gathered by method of semi-structured interviews of probation workers and by analysing of documents related to laws, methodical standards and other resources.

Antes de la publicación del Decreto Supremo N° 147 – 2017 – EF, los Expedientes Técnicos elaborados con la finalidad de ejecutar obras públicas, no estaban obligados a incorporar la Gestión de Riesgos en los mismos. Mediante el Decreto Supremo N° 147-2017- EF, publicado en el Diario Oficial “El Peruano” el 20 de mayo de 2017, se modifica el Reglamento de la Ley de Contrataciones del Estado, aprobado por Decreto Supremo N° 350 – 2015 – EF, modificado a su vez por Decreto Supremo N° 056 – 2017 – EF, incorporándose la Décimo Séptima Disposición Complementaria Transitoria que establece disposiciones para la aplicación de la gestión de riesgos. Este decreto supremo se establece en base a la Resolución N° 014-2017-OSCE/CD de fecha 09 de mayo de 2017, en la que se aprueba la Directiva N° 012 – 2017 – OSCE/CD “Gestión de Riesgos en la planificación de la ejecución de obras”. Aún con la incorporación obligatoria de la Gestión de Riesgos en los proyectos públicos a partir de la publicación del Decreto Supremo N° 147-2017- EF se ha determinado que las obras públicas tienden a exceder los plazos y costos; además de modificar el alcance; a consecuencia de una inadecuada implementación de la Gestión de Riesgos. En el presente estudio de caso se compara la ejecución de una obra (actualmente ejecutada físicamente al 100%, en la que hubo ampliaciones de costo, tiempo y alcance) en cuyo Expediente Técnico no se incorporó la Gestión de Riesgos; con una simulación de la misma en un escenario figurado en el que la misma si contaba con una adecuada Gestión de Riesgos. Esta comparación determinará el impacto que la adecuada implementación de la Gestión del Riesgo tiene en el costo, tiempo y alcance del proyecto de ejecución. / Before the publication of the Supreme Decree No. 147 - 2017 - EF, the Technical Files prepared for the purpose of executing public works were not required to incorporate Risk Management. Through Supreme Decree No. 147-2017-EF, published in the Official Newspaper “El Peruano” on the 20th of May of 2017, the Regulations of the State Contracting Law were modified, approved by Supreme Decree No. 350 - 2015 - EF, modified at the same time by Supreme Decree No. 056 - 2017 - EF, incorporating the 17th Transitory Complementary Provision that establishes provisions for the application of risk management. This supreme decree is established based on Resolution No. 014-2017 - OSCE / CD dated May 9th 2017, which approves Directive No. 012 - 2017 - OSCE / CD “Risk Management when planning the execution of works ”. Even with the mandatory incorporation of Risk Management in public projects from the publication of Supreme Decree No. 147-2017-EF, it has been determined that public works tend to exceed deadlines and costs; besides modifying the scope; as a consequence of an inadequate implementation of Risk Management. This case study compares the execution of a work(currently 100% physically executed, in which there were extensions of cost, time and scope) in whose Technical File was not incorporated the Risk Management; with a simulation of the same work in a figurative scenario, in which it did have adequate Risk Management. This comparison will determine the impact that the adequate implementation of Risk Management has on the cost, time and scope of the execution project. / Trabajo de investigación

The diploma thesis is focused on the issue of public works as a tool for employability improvement of selected job applicants in the Czech Republic. For research purposes the public works are community works and public service. The elementary theoretical basis have been formed by the concept of workfare, the concept of lifelong employability and implementation. In connection to the above- mentioned, the thesis deals with the system of public works in the Czech Republic, especially with its setup and its relation to long-term unemployment. In addition, the thesis also reflects the role of public works for further assertion of long-term unemployed in the labour market. Examples of best practice abroad (in the selected European country - Poland) have been given for the sake of comparison here. It has been found out that while community works are already standardly used tool of active employment policy, the current form of public service needs innovations. Moreover, after finishing public works, people activated by that way usually become unemployed again. Therefore, the role of public works for further assertion of long-term unemployed consists mainly of soft benefits (basic work habits, socialization, etc.).

Thesis (M. Dev. (Planning and Development)) -- University of Limpopo, 2017 / This qualitative case study investigates the relevance of the Extended Public Works Programme (EPWP) as a solution to unemployment and poverty. A qualitative case study research design was used to collect and analyse the data. Data collection instruments consisted of interviews, questionnaires, observations and document analysis. Data analysis was largely in the form of thematic approach, since the study was qualitative. The choice of a qualitative design was informed by the need to engage the beneficiaries in their lived experiences during and after participating in the EPWPs. The main findings of the study were that although the EPWP improves the quality of life of the beneficiaries, however, it is not a sustainable solution to unemployment and poverty. That is because the structural constraints which confront beneficiaries at the end of the EPWP remain an obstacle to them in terms of employment opportunities and self-employment. The study therefore recommends a more integrated approach to the problem. It is recommended that the government develops a post EPWP sustainability plan which incorporates infrastructural and social development issues in all projects. Key words Poverty, EPWP, Unemployment, Work, Decent work, Productive work, Quality of Life Development and Developmental state.

No description available.

The study investigates the extent of distributional impacts of labour-intensive road projects using a geographical approach. The aim is to evaluate infrastructural effectiveness. The central premise is that the interface between road investment and economic development has broad implications that are beyond transportation’s basic purpose of providing access and mobility. Communities are motivated by the outcomes and impacts of road infrastructure development in improving the productiveness of the economy, in line with socio-economic development and other multiplying effects. The objective was to describe the nature and delivery mechanisms of labourintensive road projects, evaluate the impact thereof on the project participants and their communities and explore the constraints and challenges experienced by these initiatives. The impact of the Gundo Lashu programme was measured, based on an assessment of programme outputs, outcomes and impacts, to determine whether the project had the desired effects on individual participants and their households. A matched control case study design, using a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches was adopted. The study found that the Gundo Lashu programme had achieved the expected outputs in terms of the total number of jobs created, total road length constructed and maintained. However, the communities’ socioeconomic outcomes and the impacts of the programme on poverty and sustainable livelihoods were mixed. These conclusions re-affirm the notion that the development of rural road infrastructure alone by labour-intensive construction methods, is not sufficient in tackling poverty. While government is focusing on addressing unemployment and skills development through labourintensive road construction programmes, there is a need to ensure proper integration of government services to make a significant impact. Huge deficiencies exist in the inter-linkages between the programme planning process and the municipal planning system and that there are a number of management and planning, structural and functional, human resources and funding barriers to proper planning, implementation and monitoring of projects within the Gundo Lashu programme. Various challenges and barriers emanates from lack of coordination, political interferences and lack of strategic direction. Key recommendations include comprehensive road planning, better project targeting mechanisms, development of guidelines for future maintenance, skills training and capacity development, and resultsbased monitoring. / Geography / D. Phil. (Geography)

Text in Afrikaans / Social security is an important instrument of government to reduce the risks of economic insecurity to indivi~uals and the community. Social security usually consists of social insurance (for example pensions, unemployment insurance and workmen's compensation) and social assistance (for example social pensions, disability grants and maintenance grants). In view of South Africa's low economic growth, high and rising unemployment, widespread poverty, skew distribution of income and the disintegration of the family, social security requires urgent attention. This issue is even more pressing during the political transition since most policy measures and institutions are reconsidered, while pressure on government expenditure increases. This study commences with a discussion of basic aspects of social security, such as its definition, the rationale for social security in a market economy, the possible influence on economic behaviour, targeting, the financing of social security through a payroll tax and general taxation and the financing of a national pension fund. One of the sources of information of social security is the experience of other countries in this regard. The second part, which constitutes the core of the study, involves a comparative study of social security. After a general discussion on comparative studies, the origin and development of social security in welfare states (the USA, Britain and the Netherlands) and developing countries (Chile, Mexico, Guatemala, Cuba and Sri Lanka) are studied. African countries and the "miracle" countries of the East also receive brief attention. The main emphasis is on equity and efficiency, and aspects such as affordability, financing, targeting, the extension of coverage, a negative income tax, traditional social security and specific programmes that could be of importance to South Africa. In the last section the origin and development of and the fiscal scope for social security are discussed. Besides social insurance and assistance, programmes such as in-kind transfers, public works programmes and tax expenditure receive attention. Aspects of social security such as poverty alleviation, means testing, take-up rates, administration and corruption are discussed, while recommendations are made on topics such as a "voluntarily" national pension scheme, employment creation programmes and food stamps. / Bestaansbeveiliging is 'n belangrike instrument in die hande van die owerheid om die risiko' s van ekonomiese onsekerheid vir individue en die gemeenskap te verminder. Bestaansbeveiliging bestaan gewoonlik uit maatskaplike versekering (waaronder pensioene, werkloosheidsversekering en ongevalleversekering) en maatskaplike bystand (byvoorbeeld maatskaplike pensioene, ongeskiktheidstoelaes en onderhoudstoelaes). In die lig van Suid-Afrika se lae ekonomiese groei, hoe en stygende werkloosheid, wydverspreide armoede, skewe verdeling van inkome en gesinsverbrokkeling, verg bestaansbeveiliging dringende aandag. Die aangeleentheid is des te dringender gedurende die politieke oorgangsperiode waartydens die meeste beleidsmaatreels en instellings in heroorweging geneem word en daar voortdurend druk op die owerheid is om meer van die land se skaars bronne te gebruik. Ter inleiding word enkele kemaspekte van bestaansbeveiliging bespreek, waaronder die definisie daarvan, die rasionaal vir bestaansbeveiliging in 'n markekonomie, die moontlike invloed van bestaansbeveiliging op ekonomiese gedrag, die rol van teikenstelling, die finansiering van bestaansbeveiliging deur middel van 'n loonstaatbelasting en algemene belastings en die finansiering van 'n nasionale pensioenfonds. Een bron van inligting oar bestaansbeveiliging is die ervaring van ander lande op hierdie terrein. Die tweede gedeelte, wat die kern van die studie is, behels 'n vergelykende studie van bestaansbeveiliging. Na 'n inleidende bespreking oar vergelykende studies in die algemeen, word die ontstaan en ontwikkeling van bestaansbeveiliging in welvaartstate (die VSA, Brittanje en Nederland) en in ontwikkelende lande (Chili, Mexiko, Guatemala, Kuba en Sri Lanka) bestudeer. Afrikalande en die "mirakel-lande" van die Coste kry oorsigtelik aandag. Die nadruk in die gedeelte val veral op billikheid en doeltreffendheid en aspekte soos bekostigbaarheid, finansiering, teikenstelling, uitbreiding van dekking, negatiewe inkomstebelasting, tradisionele bestaansbeveiliging en programme wat vir Suid-Afrika van betekenis kan wees. In die laaste gedeelte word die ontstaan en ontwikkeling van en die fiskale ruimte vir bestaansbeveiliging in Suid-Afrika bespreek. Benewens maatskaplike versekering en bystand, kry programme soos in natura oordragte, openbare werke-programme (werkskeppingsprogramme) en belastinguitgawes aandag. Aspekte van bestaansbeveiliging soos armoedeverligting, die middeletoets, opneemkoerse, administrasie en korrupsie word bespreek en aanbevelings word onder me er gemaak ten opsigte van 'n "vrywillige" nasionale pensioenskema, werkskeppingsprogramme en voedselkoepons. / Sociology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Ekonomie)

Community-based projects are established in most of the communities as a strategy to create jobs and alleviate poverty. In the area under investigation community-based projects were established by members of communities but some of them failed and others are not sustainable in economic terms. This study investigated the reasons for failure of community-based projects at Folovhodwe area. The objectives of the study were to determine the reasons for failure of community-based projects, to provide community development officials with a guideline of the role they must play in community projects and to provide strategies for the improvement and future development of community-based projects. The study was both qualitative and quantitative. Questionnaires and interviews were employed to collect information. The study revealed that lack of funds, poor project management, poor management of funds, lack of commitment and motivation, low level of education of project members, lack of youth involvement in community-based projects, lack of monitoring and evaluation by government officials and community leaders, lack of training and unavailability of workshops for project members and lack of government involvement in addressing project challenges were identified as the reasons for failure of community-based projects. / Business Management / M.Tech. (Business Administration)

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis extends research on the benefits and critical importance of diversity and proper diversity management in South African government departments, and was built on the premise that this research can provide benefits in assisting this government departments to make improvements in their diversity management and to harness the benefits of diversity. Participants in the study were the employees from the National Department Public Work's Cape Town Regional Office. The study also looks at diversity management studies conducted in Australia, Malaysia and Canada. The study involves an in-depth analysis of the literature on diversity management, which resulted in an untangling of the complexity of the subject . / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie werkstuk is om die voordele en kritiese belang van die bestuur van diverse werkgroepe binne die Suid Afrikaanse staatsdepartemente te ondersoek. Nieteenstaande die moontlike slaggate, moet die voordele van 'n diverse werksgroep en die belangrikheid om sodanige personeel effektief te bestuur nie deur werkgewers onderskat word nie. Die werknemers van die Nasionale Department Publieke Werke, Kaapstad gaan deel neern in die studie. Die studie sluit in persoonlike onderhoude. Die studie ondersoek ook bevindinge oor die bestuur van diversiteit in Australia, Malaysia en Kanada, Dit sluit ook in diepte ondersoek van literuur aangaande diverse bestuur.