The study investigates the extent of distributional impacts of labour-intensive road projects using a geographical approach. The aim is to evaluate infrastructural effectiveness. The central premise is that the interface between road investment and economic development has broad implications that are beyond transportation’s basic purpose of providing access and mobility. Communities are motivated by the outcomes and impacts of road infrastructure development in improving the productiveness of the economy, in line with socio-economic development and other multiplying effects. The objective was to describe the nature and delivery mechanisms of labourintensive road projects, evaluate the impact thereof on the project participants and their communities and explore the constraints and challenges experienced by these initiatives. The impact of the Gundo Lashu programme was measured, based on an assessment of programme outputs, outcomes and impacts, to determine whether the project had the desired effects on individual participants and their households. A matched control case study design, using a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches was adopted. The study found that the Gundo Lashu programme had achieved the expected outputs in terms of the total number of jobs created, total road length constructed and maintained. However, the communities’ socioeconomic outcomes and the impacts of the programme on poverty and sustainable livelihoods were mixed. These conclusions re-affirm the notion that the development of rural road infrastructure alone by labour-intensive construction methods, is not sufficient in tackling poverty. While government is focusing on addressing unemployment and skills development through labourintensive road construction programmes, there is a need to ensure proper integration of government services to make a significant impact. Huge deficiencies exist in the inter-linkages between the programme planning process and the municipal planning system and that there are a number of management and planning, structural and functional, human resources and funding barriers to proper planning, implementation and monitoring of projects within the Gundo Lashu programme. Various challenges and barriers emanates from lack of coordination, political interferences and lack of strategic direction. Key recommendations include comprehensive road planning, better project targeting mechanisms, development of guidelines for future maintenance, skills training and capacity development, and resultsbased monitoring. / Geography / D. Phil. (Geography)

Text in Afrikaans / Social security is an important instrument of government to reduce the risks of economic insecurity to indivi~uals and the community. Social security usually consists of social insurance (for example pensions, unemployment insurance and workmen's compensation) and social assistance (for example social pensions, disability grants and maintenance grants). In view of South Africa's low economic growth, high and rising unemployment, widespread poverty, skew distribution of income and the disintegration of the family, social security requires urgent attention. This issue is even more pressing during the political transition since most policy measures and institutions are reconsidered, while pressure on government expenditure increases. This study commences with a discussion of basic aspects of social security, such as its definition, the rationale for social security in a market economy, the possible influence on economic behaviour, targeting, the financing of social security through a payroll tax and general taxation and the financing of a national pension fund. One of the sources of information of social security is the experience of other countries in this regard. The second part, which constitutes the core of the study, involves a comparative study of social security. After a general discussion on comparative studies, the origin and development of social security in welfare states (the USA, Britain and the Netherlands) and developing countries (Chile, Mexico, Guatemala, Cuba and Sri Lanka) are studied. African countries and the "miracle" countries of the East also receive brief attention. The main emphasis is on equity and efficiency, and aspects such as affordability, financing, targeting, the extension of coverage, a negative income tax, traditional social security and specific programmes that could be of importance to South Africa. In the last section the origin and development of and the fiscal scope for social security are discussed. Besides social insurance and assistance, programmes such as in-kind transfers, public works programmes and tax expenditure receive attention. Aspects of social security such as poverty alleviation, means testing, take-up rates, administration and corruption are discussed, while recommendations are made on topics such as a "voluntarily" national pension scheme, employment creation programmes and food stamps. / Bestaansbeveiliging is 'n belangrike instrument in die hande van die owerheid om die risiko' s van ekonomiese onsekerheid vir individue en die gemeenskap te verminder. Bestaansbeveiliging bestaan gewoonlik uit maatskaplike versekering (waaronder pensioene, werkloosheidsversekering en ongevalleversekering) en maatskaplike bystand (byvoorbeeld maatskaplike pensioene, ongeskiktheidstoelaes en onderhoudstoelaes). In die lig van Suid-Afrika se lae ekonomiese groei, hoe en stygende werkloosheid, wydverspreide armoede, skewe verdeling van inkome en gesinsverbrokkeling, verg bestaansbeveiliging dringende aandag. Die aangeleentheid is des te dringender gedurende die politieke oorgangsperiode waartydens die meeste beleidsmaatreels en instellings in heroorweging geneem word en daar voortdurend druk op die owerheid is om meer van die land se skaars bronne te gebruik. Ter inleiding word enkele kemaspekte van bestaansbeveiliging bespreek, waaronder die definisie daarvan, die rasionaal vir bestaansbeveiliging in 'n markekonomie, die moontlike invloed van bestaansbeveiliging op ekonomiese gedrag, die rol van teikenstelling, die finansiering van bestaansbeveiliging deur middel van 'n loonstaatbelasting en algemene belastings en die finansiering van 'n nasionale pensioenfonds. Een bron van inligting oar bestaansbeveiliging is die ervaring van ander lande op hierdie terrein. Die tweede gedeelte, wat die kern van die studie is, behels 'n vergelykende studie van bestaansbeveiliging. Na 'n inleidende bespreking oar vergelykende studies in die algemeen, word die ontstaan en ontwikkeling van bestaansbeveiliging in welvaartstate (die VSA, Brittanje en Nederland) en in ontwikkelende lande (Chili, Mexiko, Guatemala, Kuba en Sri Lanka) bestudeer. Afrikalande en die "mirakel-lande" van die Coste kry oorsigtelik aandag. Die nadruk in die gedeelte val veral op billikheid en doeltreffendheid en aspekte soos bekostigbaarheid, finansiering, teikenstelling, uitbreiding van dekking, negatiewe inkomstebelasting, tradisionele bestaansbeveiliging en programme wat vir Suid-Afrika van betekenis kan wees. In die laaste gedeelte word die ontstaan en ontwikkeling van en die fiskale ruimte vir bestaansbeveiliging in Suid-Afrika bespreek. Benewens maatskaplike versekering en bystand, kry programme soos in natura oordragte, openbare werke-programme (werkskeppingsprogramme) en belastinguitgawes aandag. Aspekte van bestaansbeveiliging soos armoedeverligting, die middeletoets, opneemkoerse, administrasie en korrupsie word bespreek en aanbevelings word onder me er gemaak ten opsigte van 'n "vrywillige" nasionale pensioenskema, werkskeppingsprogramme en voedselkoepons. / Sociology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Ekonomie)

Infrastructure network systems support society and the economy by facilitating the distribution of essential services across broad spatial extents, at a range of scales. The complex and interdependent nature of these systems provides the conditions for which localised failures can dramatically cascade, resulting in disruptions that are widespread and very often unforeseen. This systemic vulnerability has been highlighted multiple times over the previous decades in infrastructures systems from around the world. In the future, the hazards to which infrastructure systems are exposed are set to grow with increasing extreme event risks caused by climate change. The aim of this thesis is to develop methodology and analysis for understanding and reducing the risk of failure of national interdependent infrastructure network systems. This study introduces multi-scale, system-of-systems based methodology and applied analysis that provides important new insights into interdependent infrastructure network risk and adaptation. Adopting a complex network based approach; real-world asset data is integrated from the energy, transport, water, waste and digital communications sectors to represent the physical interconnectivity that exists within and between interdependent infrastructure systems. Given the often limited scope of real-world datasets, an algorithm is presented that is used to synthesise missing network data, providing continuous network representations that preserve the most salient spatial and topological properties of real multi-level infrastructure systems. Using the resultant network representations, the criticality of individual assets is calculated by summing the direct and indirect customer disruptions that can occur in the event of failure. This is achieved by disrupting sets of functional service flow pathways that transcend sectorial and operational boundaries, providing long-range connectivity between service originating source nodes and customer allocated sink nodes. Kernel density estimation is used to integrate discrete asset criticality values into a continuous surface from which statistically significant infrastructure geographical criticality hotspots are identified. Finally, a business case is presented for investment in infrastructure adaptation, where adaptation costs are compared to the reduction in expected damages that arise from interdependency related failures over an assets lifetime. By representing physical and geographic interdependence at a range of scales, this analysis provides new evidence to inform the targeting of investments to reduce risks and enhance system resilience. It is concluded that the research presented within this thesis provides new theoretical insights and practical techniques for a range of academic, industrial and governmental infrastructure stakeholders, from the UK and beyond.

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o sistema de franchise bidding como uma alternativa à regulação tradicional, tomando-se como exemplo as concessões de rodovias, tanto do ponto de vista teórico como empírico. A partir do estudo de caso envolvendo o programa de concessões rodoviárias gaúchas, o presente trabalho realizou uma análise comparativa entre o sistema de franchise bidding, também conhecido na literatura como leilão de Demsetz (1968), e a regulação direta, identificando-se os principais pressupostos teóricos, as características e os problemas enfrentados e, ainda, as similaridades e diferenças existentes entre os dois modelos propostos. Os resultados obtidos confirmam o diagnóstico realizado por Williamson (1976), indicando que regulação e franchise bidding diferem somente na forma e não em espécie. / The aim of this study is to analyze franchise bidding as an alternative to traditional regulatory systems, approaching both empirically and theoretically the highway concessions as an example. Taking the highway concession program from the state of Rio Grande do Sul as a study case, this study compares the franchise bidding system, also known in the literature as Demsetz bidding (1968), with direct regulation and identifies the main theoretical assumptions, characteristics and problems experienced as well as the similarities and differences between both models. The results confirm Williamson’s (1976) diagnosis showing that regulation and franchise bidding differ only in form rather than kind.

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o sistema de franchise bidding como uma alternativa à regulação tradicional, tomando-se como exemplo as concessões de rodovias, tanto do ponto de vista teórico como empírico. A partir do estudo de caso envolvendo o programa de concessões rodoviárias gaúchas, o presente trabalho realizou uma análise comparativa entre o sistema de franchise bidding, também conhecido na literatura como leilão de Demsetz (1968), e a regulação direta, identificando-se os principais pressupostos teóricos, as características e os problemas enfrentados e, ainda, as similaridades e diferenças existentes entre os dois modelos propostos. Os resultados obtidos confirmam o diagnóstico realizado por Williamson (1976), indicando que regulação e franchise bidding diferem somente na forma e não em espécie. / The aim of this study is to analyze franchise bidding as an alternative to traditional regulatory systems, approaching both empirically and theoretically the highway concessions as an example. Taking the highway concession program from the state of Rio Grande do Sul as a study case, this study compares the franchise bidding system, also known in the literature as Demsetz bidding (1968), with direct regulation and identifies the main theoretical assumptions, characteristics and problems experienced as well as the similarities and differences between both models. The results confirm Williamson’s (1976) diagnosis showing that regulation and franchise bidding differ only in form rather than kind.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-27T14:01:00Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Das docas de comércio ao cais contínuo.pdf: 8610260 bytes, checksum: 39ab9f931b0efc4d604258a1ad84efa6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T14:01:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Das docas de comércio ao cais contínuo.pdf: 8610260 bytes, checksum: 39ab9f931b0efc4d604258a1ad84efa6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-23 / CAPEs / Governo imperial brasileiro autorizou companhias privadas para a construção de docas nos portos, mediante a concessão de taxas sobre a carga, descarga, guarda e conservação de mercadorias durante 90 anos, com a autorização do decreto nº 1.746 de 13 de outubro de 1869. A “Lei de Docas” foi modelada a partir do sistema portuário inglês em que todas as atividades portuárias concentravam-se em áreas circunscritas de cais. O sistema de docas era autossustentável do ponto de vista econômico. As companhias realizariam com seus próprios recursos obras de engenharia hidráulica, e receberiam em troca as tarifas portuárias. A lei não exigia do Estado qualquer tipo de contrapartida financeira na forma de garantia de juros, subvenções ou empréstimos públicos. Ela se contrapunha, sobretudo, ao sistema de juros empregado nas inversões ferroviárias. Retirando os seus dividendos apenas do movimento portuário, as companhias combateriam mais eficientemente as práticas de contrabando, roubo e perdas excessivas de carga. Além disso, as docas promoveriam o “espírito de associação” entre nós e aumentariam as receitas fiscais devido ao desenvolvimento da navegação comercial. A despeito de suas supostas vantagens, o decreto revelou-se um verdadeiro fracasso. Nenhum porto do Império conseguiu ser melhorado nos seus termos. Dividida em cinco capítulos, a presente tese analisa as tentativas malogradas de melhoramento do porto do Recife pela Lei de Docas. Argumenta-se que o Governo imperial não conseguiu tomar uma decisão política diante da variedade de opções técnicas. / The Brazilian Imperial government authorized private companies for the construction of docks in the ports through concession fees on loading, unloading, and safekeeping of goods for storage during a 90-years period with the authorization of Decree No. 1,746 of October 13, 1869. The "Law of the Docks” was modeled after the English port system in that all of the port activities were concentrated in the surrounding areas of the wharfs. The dock system was self-sustainable from the economic point of view. Companies would engage in hydraulic engineering projects with their own resources, and earn the port fee amounts in return. The law did not require the State any financial contribution in the form of guaranteed interest, subsidies or public borrowings. It was opposed primarily to the interest system employed in railway investments. Taking their dividends only from port traffic, the companies would combat against smuggling practices, theft, and excessive loss of cargo more efficiently. In addition, the docks would promote a "spirit of partnership" among Brazilians and increase tax revenues due to the development of commercial shipping. Despite their supposed advantages, the decree proved to be a failure. Not even one port of the Empire could be improved in these terms. Divided into five chapters, this thesis examines the unsuccessful attempts of the port of Recife to make improvements according to the Law of the Docks. It is argued that the Imperial Government failed to make a political decision in light of the various technical options.

Building production in public institutions, especially higher education buildings, has received large government investment in recent years. These investments contributed to increasing concern over the environmental issues and the quality in projects development in these institutions. The REUNI program, for example, contributed to the growth and expansion of Federal Universities, between 2007 and 2012. In this context, it is detected that, most of the delays in project development in public institutions, are caused by the characteristics of contracting and the project management in these kind of institutions. Also, public institutions contracts often hire professionals from different companies that usually do not work as an integrated team, plus they have communication difficulties and problems to understand the scope, that ended up causing incompatibility between projects and rework. Also, public institutions contracts often hire professionals from different companies that usually do not work as an integrated team, plus they have communication difficulties and problems to understand the scope, that ended up causing incompatibility between projects and rework. Besides, there is a growing demand for sustainable buildings and the projects still do not incorporate sustainability concepts. Therefore, the objective of this research is to develop a Referencial Term for project contracting in public institutions, modeling the process according to the principles of Concurrent Design and incorporating sustainability concepts into this Term, through a case study of a public institution, in order to contribute to improving its design process management. To achieve the objective it was made a documentary and bibliographical research and a case study in a public higher education institution. The methodology was divided into six steps: literature review; description case study and first diagnosis; comparative of referencial terms and second diagnosis; selection and organization of sustainability concepts; development of the referencial term; validation, result analysis and future proposes. As tools to develop these steps, it was used design process and models of referencial terms, as well as, it was researched strategies, criteria and recommendations for environmental sustainability, surveyed in bibliographical sources. Also, it was used comparative tables produced by spreadsheets, flowcharts and checklists. As a result of this study, the design practice of the institution was registered, environmental sustainability concepts were inserted into design process, also, it was possible to develop, apply, analyze the Referencial Term proposed and validate it by an officer of UFS. This work contributed to improve the quality of the design process in the public institution researched and the Referencial Term proposed can be used in other public institutions. / A produção de edificações em instituições públicas, principalmente as de ensino superior, vem recebendo grandes investimentos do governo nos últimos anos. Tais investimentos colaboraram para o aumento da preocupação com as questões ambientais e com qualidade no desenvolvimento dos projetos nessas instituições. Como exemplo, cita-se o programa REUNI que, entre 2007 e 2012, contribuiu para o crescimento e a expansão das Universidades Federais. Neste contexto, observa-se que os atrasos no desenvolvimento dos projetos em órgãos públicos se devem às particularidades de contratação e ao gerenciamento dos projetos. Ademais, nas contratações públicas, os projetos são desenvolvidos por profissionais de empresas distintas, que não trabalham de forma integrada e têm dificuldade de comunicação e de entendimento do escopo dos serviços, gerando incompatibilidade entre os projetos e retrabalhos. Aliado a isso, busca-se o desenvolvimento de edificações sustentáveis, no entanto, os projetos ainda não incorporam conceitos de sustentabilidade socioambiental. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa é elaborar um Termo de Referência para contratação de projetos, modelando o processo de acordo com os princípios do Projeto Simultâneo e incorporando ao Termo de Referência conceitos de sustentabilidade, através do estudo de caso de uma instituição pública contratante, de forma a contribuir para melhoria do gerenciamento do processo de projeto da instituição. Para tanto, realizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e o estudo de caso na Universidade Federal de Sergipe. A metodologia foi dividida em seis etapas: revisão de literatura; descrição do objeto de estudo e 1º diagnóstico; comparativo de termos de referência e 2º diagnóstico; seleção e organização dos conceitos de sustentabilidade socioambiental; montagem do Termo de Referência; validação, análise dos resultados e propostas futuras. No desenvolvimento dessas etapas, utilizou-se como ferramentas os modelos de processo de projeto e termos de referência pesquisados, bem como as diretrizes, os critérios e as recomendações de sustentabilidade socioambiental pesquisados em fontes bibliográficas, quadros comparativos elaborados com o auxílio de planilhas eletrônicas, fluxogramas e listas de verificação. Como resultado deste estudo, registrou-se a prática de projeto da instituição pesquisada, inseriu-se conceitos de sustentabilidade socioambiental ao processo de projeto, bem como foi possível montar, implementar, analisar o Termo de Referência proposto e validá-lo junto a um funcionário da UFS. Com isso, contribui-se para a melhoria da qualidade do processo de projeto no ambiente da instituição pública pesquisada e o Termo de Referência proposto poderá ser utilizado em outras instituições públicas.

This dissertation examines the liquidity situation of small and medium enterprises of construction segment, acting in Sergipe s public construction market. To achieve the objectives of this study we used the methods i) traditional and ii) dynamic (Fleuriet Model), because they have different methodologies of analysis, noting that the first through the CCL, ILC and ILG indicators, shows the liquidity situation at a given instant of time, as the timely indicator of solvency, while the second, using the CDG, NCG, T, AE, ILNCG and ILAE indicators, clarifies the need for working capital for the operating activities of the company, essential to the sustainability and business growth. Following the assumption of the dynamic model, the accounts of Balanços Patrimoniais and Demonstrações do Resultado do Exercício for the years 2007, 2008 and 2009 were reclassified. For this case study, 20 companies registered with the Companhia Estadual de Habitação e Obras Públicas CEHOP were selected, with contracts in force for the period 2007 to 2009, with 14 classified as medium and 6 as small businesses, using the Lei Complementar (Federal) Nº 123/2006 criterion. Through this research, it was sought to identify the financial management from the perspective of liquidity of these small and medium enterprises, and the consequences of the application, by the State Government, of the prerogative to promote specific biddings to small businesses provided in Lei Complementar (Federal) nº 123 / 2006 and Lei Estadual nº 6.206/2007. Considering the analysis of data as a group through the medians, the results indicate i) the framework for medium-sized enterprises in the type II (solid) NCG Dynamic Model in all exercises, and small type II in the years 2008 and 2009, and type I (excellent liquidity) in 2007, ii) the framework for medium-sized enterprises in the type D (financial strength) of the AE Dynamic Model in all exercises, and small in the type D (financial strength) in the years 2008 and 2009, and G (financial strength) in 2007; iii) an indication of liquidity in the financial medium and small companies when used indicators ILNCG, ILAE, ILC and ILG; iv) improved financial performance of small companies when compared from the standpoint of liquidity with the medium size; v) none of the two studied categories of companies (small and medium size) pointed to the occurrence of the "Efeito Tesoura" under Dynamic Analysis Model of both the NCG and AE; vi) indication of self-financing capacity of the operational activities of medium and small businesses; vii) there were no differences in results among the traditional indicators and the ones proposed by the dynamic models (within the limits of this case study); viii) small companies have treasury balances that support positive changes in the working capital needs caused by the leverage of their business. In the end, these results suggest applicability of the items I and II of article 48 of Lei Complementar (Federal) nº 123/2006 and items I and II of article 4 of Lei nº 6.206/2007 of Sergipe State, to do exclusive biddings for small business or their subcontracting in the other biddings, as public policy for promoting economic growth, employment and income. However, this observation from the analysis of accounting data of only 20 construction companies, selected by criteria of accessibility without statistical rigor, indicates the need to expand this research with a larger number of companies, to ensure the expected results in the adoption of this proposed public policy. / Esta dissertação estuda a situação de liquidez das pequenas e médias empresas do segmento da construção civil, atuantes no mercado de obras públicas do Estado de Sergipe. Para atingir os objetivos deste trabalho foram utilizados os métodos i) tradicional e ii) dinâmico (Modelo Fleuriet), por possuírem metodologias distintas de análise, destacando-se que o primeiro, através dos indicadores CCL, ILC e ILG, aponta a situação de liquidez em determinado instante do tempo, portanto indicador da pontual situação de solvência, enquanto que o segundo, através dos indicadores CDG, NCG, T, AE, ILNCG e ILAE, esclarece a necessidade de capital de giro para as atividades operacionais da empresa, fundamentais à sustentabilidade e crescimento dos negócios. Seguindo a premissa do Modelo Dinâmico, foram reclassificadas as contas dos Balanços Patrimoniais e das Demonstrações do Resultado do Exercício dos anos de 2007, 2008 e 2009. Selecionou-se para este estudo de caso 20 empresas cadastradas na Companhia Estadual de Habitação e Obras Públicas CEHOP, com contratos em vigor no período de 2007 a 2009, sendo 14 classificadas como médias empresas e 6 como pequenas empresas, utilizando-se o critério da Lei Complementar (Federal) nº 123/2006. Buscou-se através desta pesquisa identificar a gestão financeira sob a ótica da liquidez destas pequenas e médias empresas, e as conseqüências da aplicação pelo Governo do Estado das prerrogativas de promoção de licitações específicas para pequenas empresas previstas na Lei Complementar (Federal) nº 123/2006 e Lei Estadual Nº 6.206/2007. Considerando a análise dos dados de forma agrupada através das medianas, os resultados sinalizam i) o enquadramento das médias empresas na tipologia II (sólida) do Modelo Dinâmico NCG em todos os exercícios, e das pequenas na tipologia II nos exercícios de 2008 e 2009, e na tipologia I (excelente liquidez) em 2007; ii) o enquadramento das médias empresas na tipologia D (solidez financeira) do Modelo Dinâmico AE em todos os exercícios, e das pequenas na tipologia D (solidez financeira) nos exercícios 2008 e 2009 e G (solidez financeira) no exercício de 2007; iii) indicação de liquidez financeira nas médias e pequenas empresas quando utilizados os indicadores ILNCG, ILAE, ILC e ILG; iv) melhores desempenhos financeiros das pequenas empresas, quando comparadas sob o foco da liquidez com as médias; v) nenhuma das duas categorias de empresas estudadas (pequenas e médias) apontaram para a ocorrência do Efeito Tesoura previsto no Modelo de Análise Dinâmica, tanto da NCG como no AE; vi) indicação de capacidade de autofinanciamento das atividades operacionais das médias e pequenas empresas; vii) não foram evidenciadas divergências de resultados entre os indicadores tradicionais e os propostos pelo Modelo Dinâmico (respeitando os limites deste estudo de caso); viii) as pequenas empresas apresentam Saldos de Tesouraria que suportam variações positivas da necessidade de capital de giro ocasionadas pela alavancagem de seus negócios. Ao final, estes resultados sugerem a aplicabilidade dos itens I e II do Artº 48 da Lei Complementar (Federal) nº 123/2006 e itens I e II do Artº 4 da Lei Estadual Nº 6.206/2007 do Estado de Sergipe, no sentido de realizar licitações exclusivas para as pequenas empresas ou subcontratação destas nas demais licitações, como política pública de fomento ao crescimento econômico, emprego e renda. Entretanto, esta observação decorre da análise de dados contábeis de apenas 20 empresas de construção civil, selecionadas por critério de acessibilidade sem rigor estatístico, indicando a necessidade de ampliação desta pesquisa com um numero maior de empresas, visando assegurar os resultados esperados na adoção desta sugerida política pública.

This thesis focuses on the issues related to the requirements of the contracting authority contained in the tender documents of public works contracts. In the first part, the basic concepts of public procurement are explained, where most attention is devoted to particular tender documents. The second part deals with the situation of public procurement in the Czech Republic, during the years following the opinion of the newly released energy efficient buildings. A case study is used to determine whether the use of economic net present value (NPV), as the evaluation criteria for the selected public order.

This master’s thesis is focused on the business risk protection in construction projects. The first part is dedicated to an interpretation of theoretical knowledge which defines and describes the risk, acquaints readers with principles of the risk management and presents commonly used forms of the business risk protection in practice. The second part deals with a practical use of the protection tools and proposes their effective adjustment in the selected public works contracts.